Putative virulence factors of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.)

Journal of Fish Diseases

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 349-359

  Madetoja, J ^a,b   Pylkko P ^a   Pohjanvirta, T ^a   Schildt, L ^a   Pelkonen, S ^a  

^a Kuopio Regional Laboratory   (Finland)

^b ÅBO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Atypical Aeromonas salmonicida; Extracellular products; Salvelinus alpinus; Thymallus thymallus; Virulence

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN; BACTERIAL TOXIN; CYTOTOXIN; GELATINASE; LIPOPROTEIN; METALLOPROTEINASE; PROTEINASE; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

AQUACULTURE; BACTERIAL DISEASE; VIRULENCE;

AEROMONAS; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; FINLAND; FISH DISEASE; GENETICS; GRAM NEGATIVE INFECTION; HEMOLYSIS; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOGENICITY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; SALMONID; SWEDEN; TROUT; VIRULENCE;

AEROMONAS; ANIMALS; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; CYTOTOXINS; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; FINLAND; FISH DISEASES; GELATINASES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HEMOLYSIS; LIPOPROTEINS; METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES; SALMONIDAE; SWEDEN; TROUT; VIRULENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

AEROMONAS; AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA; ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA; SALMO SALAR; SALMONIDAE; SALVELINUS ALPINUS; SALVELINUS FONTINALIS; THYMALLUS THYMALLUS;

EID: 0037625374     PISSN: 01407775     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00470.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Austin B. & Austin D.A. (1993) Aeromonadaceae representatives (Aeromonas salmonicida). In: Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Diseases in Farmed and Wild Fish, 2nd edn (ed. by L.M. Laird), pp. 86-170. Ellis Horwood, London.
2. Austin B., Austin D.A., Dalsgaard I., Gudmundsdóttir B.K., Høie S., Thornton J.M., Larsen J.L., O'hIci B. & Powell R. (1998) Characterisation of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida by different methods. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 21, 50-64.
3. Bernoth E.-M. & Artz G. (1989) Presence of Aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue may be overlooked by sole reliance on furunculosis-agar. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 9, 5-6.
4. Carlstein M. (1996) Feeding, Growth and Survival of European Grayling in Culture and After Stocking, PhD Thesis. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, Agraria 7, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
5. Chu S., Cavaignas S., Feutrier J., Phipps B.M., Kostrzynska M., Kay W.W. & Trust T.J. (1991) Structure of the tetragonal surface virulence array protein and gene of Aeromonas salmonicida. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 15 258-15 265.
6. Ellis A.E. (1997) The extracellular toxins of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. In: Furunculosis. Multidisciplinary Fish Diseases Research (ed. by E.-M. Bernoth, A.E. Ellis, P.J. Midtlyng, G. Olivier & P. Smith ), pp. 248-268. Academic Press, London.
7. Evenberg D., Versluis R. & Lugtenberg B. (1985) Biochemical and immunological characterisation of the cell surface of the fish pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 815, 233-244.
8. Gudmundsdóttir B.K. (1996) Comparison of extracellular proteases produced by Aeromonas salmonicida strains, isolated from various fish species. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 80, 105-113.
9. Gudmundsdóttir B.K. (1997) Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes. A Study of Extracellular Virulence Factors and Immunity in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). PhD Thesis. Institute for Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Keldur.
10. Gudmundsdóttir B.K. & Magnadóttir B. (1997) Pathogenicity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon compared with protease production. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 83, 542-551.
11. Gudmundsdóttir B.K., Hastings T.S. & Ellis A.E. (1990) Isolation of a new toxic protease from a strain of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies achromogenes. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 9, 199-208.
12. Gudmundsdóttir S., Magnadóttir B. & Gudmundsdóttir B. (1995) Effects of antigen from Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes on primed and unprimed leukocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 5, 493-504.
13. Gudmundsdóttir B.K., Hvanndal Í., Björnsdottir B. & Wagner U. (2003) Analysis of exotoxins produced by atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida, by enzymatic and serological methods. Journal of Fish Diseases 26, 15-29.
14. Gunnlaugsdóttir B. & Gudmundsdóttir B.K. (1997) Pathogenicity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon compared with protease production. Journal of Applied Microbiology 83, 542-551.
15. Gustafson C.E., Thomas C.J. & Trust T.J. (1992) Detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from fish by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virulence surface array protein gene. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58, 3816-3825.
16. Hänninen M.L. & Hirvelä-Koski V. (1997) Molecular and phenotypic methods for the characterisation of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida. Veterinary Microbiology 56, 147-158.
17. Hänninen M.L. & Hirvelä-Koski V. (1999) Genetic diversity of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Epidemiology and Infection 123, 299-307.
18. Hastings T.S. & Ellis A.E. (1985) Differences in production of haemolytic and proteolytic activities by various isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Fish and Shellfish Pathology (ed. by A.E. Ellis), pp. 69-77. Academic Press, London.
19. Heussen C. & Dowdle E.B. (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate and copolymerized substrates. Analytical Biochemistry 102, 196-202.
20. Hirst I.D. & Ellis A.E. (1994) Iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins of Aeromonas salmonicida are important antigens in Atlantic salmon against furunculosis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 4, 29-45.
21. Hirvelä-Koski V., Koski P. & Niiranen H. (1994) Biochemical properties and drug resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida in Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 20, 191-196.
22. Hitchcock P.J. & Brown T.M. (1983) Morphological heterogeneity among Salmonella lipopolysaccharide chemotypes in silver stained polyacrylamide gels. Journal of Bacteriology 154, 269-277.
23. Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Stanley J.T. & Williams S.T.(eds) (1994) Group 5 facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods subgroup 2: family Vibrionaceae. In: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th edn. pp. 175-290. Williams & Wilkins, London.
24. Høie S., Dalsgaard I., Aase I.L., Heum M., Thornton J.M. & Powell R. (1999) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based typing analysis of atypical isolates of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 22, 403-411.
25. Laemmli U.K. (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of the bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.
26. Lee K.K. & Ellis A.E. (1990) Glycerophospholipid: cholestrol acyltransferase complexed with LPS is a major lethal exotoxin and cytolysin of Aeromonas salmonicida: LPS stabilizes and enhances toxicity of the enzyme. Journal of Bacteriology 172, 5382-5393.
27. Liu P.V. (1957) Survey of hemolysin production among species of Pseudomonas. Journal of Bacteriology 74, 718-727.
28. Magnadóttir B., Gudmundsdóttir S. & Gudmundsdóttir B.K. (1995) Study of the humoral response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), naturally infected with Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 49, 127-142.
29. Nerland A.H. (1996) The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding GCAT from Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida. Journal of Fish Diseases 19, 145-150.
30. Noonan B. & Trust T.J. (1995) The molecular biology of Aeromonas salmonicida. Annual Review of Fish Diseases 5, 95-111.
31. O'hIci B., Olivier G. & Powell R. (2000) Genetic diversity of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 39, 109-119.
32. Pavan M.E., Abbott S.L., Zorzópulos J. & Janda J.M. (2000) Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica subsp. nov., a new pectinase-positive subspecies isolated from a heavily polluted river. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50, 1119-1124.
33. Pylkkö P. (1993) The effect of feeding and rearing density on the susceptibility to ASA-disease of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus L.) and Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.). Kalatutkimuksia-Fiskundersökeningar 74. Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (English abstract).
34. Rintamäki P. & Valtonen E.T. (1991) Aeromonas salmonicida in Finland: pathological problems associated with atypical and typical strains. Journal of Fish Diseases 14, 323-331.
35. Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F. & Maniatis T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbour Press, Cold Spring Harbour, NY, USA.
36. Sheeran B. & Smith P.R. (1981) A second extracellular proteolytic activity associated with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 11, 73-76.
37. Sørum H., Holstad G., Lunder T. & Håstein T. (2000) Grouping by plasmid profiles of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from fish, with special reference to salmonid fish. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 41, 159-171.
38. Vipond R., Bricknell I.R., Durant E., Bowden T.J., Ellis A.E., Smith M. & MacIntyre S. (1998) Defined deletion mutants demonstrate that the major secreted toxins are not essential for the virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida. Infection and Immunity 66, 1990-1998.
39. Whitby P.W., Landon M. & Coleman G. (1992) The cloning and nucleotide sequence of the serine protease gene (aspA) of Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida. FEMS Microbiology Letters 99, 65-72.
40. Wiklund T. & Dalsgaard I. (1998) Occurrence and significance of an atypical Aeromonas salmonicida in non-salmonid and salmonid fish species: a review. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32, 49-69.
41. Wiklund T., Lönnström L. & Niiranen H. (1993) Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida lacking pigment production, isolated from farmed salmonids in Finland. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 15, 219-223.