Long-term behavior problems following pediatric traumatic brain injury: Prevalence, predictors, and correlates

Journal of Pediatric Psychology

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 251-263

  Schwartz, Lisa ^a   Taylor, H Gerry ^a   Drotar, Dennis ^a   Yeates, Keith Owen ^b   Wade, Shari L ^c   Stancin, Terry ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

Behavior problems; Caseness; Children; Family functioning; Risk factors; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BRAIN INJURY; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; WORKING MEMORY;

BRAIN INJURIES; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR DISORDERS; FAMILY; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GLASGOW COMA SCALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0037573319     PISSN: 01468693     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsg013     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
3. Anderson, P. Anderson, V., Northam, E., & Taylor, H. G. (2000). Standardization of the Contingency Naming Test (CNT) for school-aged children: A measure of reactive flexibility. Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment, 1, 247-272.
4. Anderson, V. A., Catroppa, C., Haritou, F., Morse, S., Pentland, L., Rosenfeld, J., et al. (2001). Predictors of acute child and family outcome following traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 34, 138-148.
5. Armstrong, K., Mangeot, S., Colvin, A., Yeates, K. O., & Taylor, H. G. (2002, February). Long-term executive deficits in children with traumatic brain injuries. Paper presented at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
6. Barry, C. T., Taylor, H. G., Klein, S., & Yeates, K. O. (1996). The validity of neurobehavioral symptoms in children with traumatic brain injury. Child Neuropsychology, 2, 213-226.
7. Beery, K. E. (1989). Revised administration, scoring, and teaching manual for the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Cleveland, OH: Modern Curriculum Press.
8. Bernstein, J. H., & Waber, D. P. (1996). Developmental scoring system for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
9. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Doyle, A., Lehman, B. K., Kraus, I., Perrin, J., et al. (1993). Convergence of the Child Behavior Checklist with structured interview-based psychiatric diagnoses of ADHD children with and without comorbidity. Journal Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 1241-1251.
10. Bloom, D. R., Levin, H. S., Ewing-Cobbs, L., Saunders, A. E., Song, J., Fletcher, J. M., et al. (2001). Lifetime and novel psychiatric problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 572-579.
11. Brooks, D. N. (1990). Behavioral and social consequences of severe head injury. In B. Deelman, R. Soan, & A. van Zomeren (Eds.), Traumatic brain injury: Clinical, social and rehabilitational aspects (pp. 77-88). Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.
12. Brown, G., Chadwick, O., Shaffer, P., Rutter, M., & Traub, M. (1981). A prospective study of children with head injuries: III. Psychiatric sequelae. Psychological Medicine, 11, 63-78.
13. Brown, L., Sherbenou, R., & Johnsen, S. (1990). Test of Nonverbal Intelligence: 2nd ed. Austin, TX: PRO ED.
14. Burgess, E. S., Drotar, D., Taylor, H. G., Wade, S., Stancin, T., & Yeates, K. O. (1999). The Family Burden of Injury Interview: Reliability and validity studies. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 14, 394-405.
15. Delis, D., Kramer, J., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. (1986). The California Verbal Learning Test: Children's Version. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
16. Dennis, M., Guger, S., Roncadin, C., Barnes, M., & Schachar, R. (2001). Attentional-inhibitory control and social-behavioral regulation after childhood closed head injury: Do biological, developmental, and recovery variables predict outcome? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 683-692.
17. Derogatis, L., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13, 595-605.
18. DiSimoni, F. G. (1978). The Token Test for Children. Boston: Teaching Resources.
19. Eslinger, P.J., Biddle, K. R., & Grattan, L. M. (1997). Cognitive and social development in children with prefrontal cortex lesions. In N. A. Krasnegor, G. R. Lyon, & P. S. Goldman-Rakic (Eds.), Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, and behavior (pp. 295-335). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
20. Fay, G. C., Jaffe, K. M., Polissar, M. L., Liao, S., Rivara, J. B., & Martin, K. M. (1994). Outcome of pediatric traumatic brain injury at three years: A cohort study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75, 733-741.
21. Fletcher, J. M., & Ewing-Cobbs, L. (1991). Head injury in children. Brain Injury, 5, 337-338.
22. Fletcher, J. M., Ewing-Cobbs, L., Miner, M. E., Levin, H. S., & Eisenberg, H. M. (1990). Behavioral changes after closed head injury in children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 93-98.
23. Fletcher, J. M., Levin, H. S., Lachar, D., Kusnerik, L., Harward, H., Mendelsohn, D., et al. (1996). Behavioral outcomes after pediatric closed head injury: Relationships with age, severity, and lesion size. Journal of Child Neurology, 11, 283-290.
24. Gerring, J. P., Brady, K. D., Chen, A., Vasa, R., Grados, M., Bandeen-Roche, K. J., et al. (1998). Premorbid prevalence of ADHD and development of secondary ADHD after closed head injury. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 647-654.
25. Green, M. L., Foster, M. A., Morris, M. K., Muir, J. J., & Morris, R. D. (1998). Parent assessment of psychological and behavioral functioning following pediatric acquired brain injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 23, 289-299.
26. Hollingshead, A. (1975). Four-Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
27. Jaffe, K. M., Polissar, N. L., Fay, G. C., & Liao, S. (1995). Recovery trends over three years following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 76, 17-26.
28. Jensen, P. S., Watanabe, H. K., Richters, J. E., Roper, M., Hibbs, E. D., Salzberg, A. D., et al. (1996). Scales, diagnoses, and child psychopathology: II. Comparing the CBCL and the DISC against external validators. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 151-168.
29. Kinsella, G., Ong, B., & Murtagh, D. (1999). The role of the family for behavioral outcome in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 116-123.
30. Kinsella, G., Prior, M., Sawyer, M., Murtagh, D., Eisenmajer, R., Anderson, V., et al. (1995). Neuropsychological deficit and academic performance in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 20, 753-767.
31. Kinsella, G., Prior, M., Sawyer, M., Ong, B., Murtagh, D., Eisenmajer, R., et al. (1997). Predictors and indicators of academic outcome in children 2 years following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 608-616.
32. Knights, R. M., Ivan, L. P., Ventureyra, E. C. G., Bentivoglio, C., Stoddart, C., Winogron, W., et al. (1991). The effects of head injury in children on neuropsychological and behavioral functioning. Brain Injury, 5, 339-351.
33. Knights, R., & Norwood, J. (1980). Revised smoothed normative data on the Neuropsychological Test Batteryfor Children. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of Psychology, Carleton University.
34. Kraus, J. F. (1995). Epidemiological features of brain injury in children: Occurrence, children at risk, causes and manner of injury, severity, and outcomes. In S. H. Broman & M. E. Michel (Eds.), Traumatic head injury in children (pp. 22-39). New York: Oxford University Press.
35. Lindgren, S., & Lyons, D. (1984). Pediatric Assessment of Cognitive Efficiency (PACE). Iowa City: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa.
36. Masten, A. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227-238.
37. Max, J. E., Castillo, C. S., Bokura, H., Robin, D. A., Lindgren, S. D., Smith, W. L.,Jr., et al. (1998). Oppositional defiant problem symptomatology after traumatic brain injury: A prospective study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 325-332.
38. Max, J. E., Castillo, C. S., Robin, D. A., Lindgren, S. D., Smith, W. L., Sato, Y., et al. (1998). Predictors of family functioning following traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 83-90.
39. Max, J. E., Koele, S. L., Castillo, C. C., Lindgren, S. D., Arndt, S., Bokura, H., et al. (2000). Personality change problem in children and adolescents following traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 279-289.
40. Max, J. E., Koele, S. L., Lindgren, S. D., Robin, D. A., Smith, W. L., Jr., Sato, Y., et al. (1998). Adaptive functioning following traumatic brain injury and orthopedic injury: A controlled study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79, 893-899.
41. Max, J. E., Roberts, M. A., Koele, S. L., Lindgren, S. D., Robin, D. A., Arndt, S., et al. (1999). Cognitive outcome in children and adolescents following severe traumatic brain injury: Influence of psychosocial, psychiatric, and injury-related variables. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5, 58-68.
42. Max, J. E., Robin, D. A., Lindgren, S. D., Smith, W. L., Jr., Sato, Y., Mattheis, P. J., et al. (1997). Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: Psychiatric problems at two years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1278-1285.
43. Mayer, T., Matlak, M., Johnson, D., & Walker, M. (1980). The Modified Injury Severity Scale in pediatric multiple trauma patients. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 15, 19-726.
44. Miller, I., Bishop, D., Epstein, N., & Keitner, G. (1985). The McMaster Family Assessment Device: Reliability and validity. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 11, 345-356.
45. Moos, R., & Moos, B. (1988). Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory: Preliminary manual. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University and Veterans Administration Medical Center.
46. Paniak, C. E., Millar, H. B., Murphy, D., & Keizer, J. (1997). A Consonant Trigrams test for children: Development and norms. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 11, 198-200.
47. Rivara, J. B., Jaffe, K. M., Polissar, N. L., Fay, G. C., Martin, K. M., Shurtleff, H. A., et al. (1994). Family functioning and children's academic performance and behavior problems in the year following traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75, 369-379.
48. Rourke, B., & Orr, R. (1977). Prediction of the reading and spelling performances of normal and retarded readers: A four-year follow-up. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 5, 9-20.
49. Rutter, M., Chadwick, O., & Shaffer, D. (1983). Head injury. In M. Rutter (Ed.). Developmental neuropsychiatry (pp. 83-111). New York: Guilford Press.
50. Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., Secord, W., & Sabers, D. (1987). CELF-R: Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised (technical manual). New York: Psychological Corporation.
51. Sparrow, S., Balla, D., & Cicchetti, D. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
52. Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1991). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
53. Stein, R. E. K., & Jessop, D. T. (1985). PACTS papers/AECOM: Tables documenting the psychometric properties of a measure of the impact of chronic illness on a family. Bronx, NY: Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
54. Stevens, G., & Featherman, D. L. (1981). A revised socioeconomic index of occupational status. Social Science Research, 10, 364-395.
55. Stevenson-Hinde, J., & Akister, J. (1995). The McMaster model of family functioning: Observer and parental ratings in a non-clinical sample. Family Processes, 34, 337-347.
56. Taylor, H. G., Drotar, D., Wade, S., Yeates, K. O., & Klein, S. (1995). The importance of the family. In S. Broman & M. E. Michel (Eds.), Traumatic head injury in children (pp. 188-216). New York: Oxford University Press.
57. Taylor, H. G., Klein, N., Minich, N. M., & Hack, M. (2000). Middle-school-age outcomes in children with very low birthweight. Child Development, 71, 1495-1511.
58. Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Klein, S. K., & Stancin, T. (1999). Influences on first-year recovery from traumatic brain injury in children. Neuropsychology, 13, 76-89.
59. Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Burant, C. (2001). Bidirectional child-family influences on outcomes of traumatic brain injury in children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7, 755-767.
60. Taylor, H. G., Yeates, K. O., Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Minich, N. (2002). A prospective study of short- and long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury in children: Behavior and achievement. Neuropsychology, 16, 15-27.
61. Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: A practical scale. Lancet, 2, 81-84.
62. Wade, S. L., Drotar, D., Taylor, H. G., & Stancin, T. (1995). Assessing the effects of TBI on family functioning: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 20, 737-752.
63. Wade, S. L., Taylor, H. G., Drotar, D., Stancin, T., & Yeates, K. O. (1998). Family burden and adaptation during the initial year after traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatrics, 102, 110-116.
64. Wechsler, D. (1991). WISC-III: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-3rd Edition manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
65. Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. (1985). Test of Language Competence-Expanded Edition: Administration manual level 1 and level 2. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
66. Woodcock, R., & Mather, N. (1989). Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement-Revised-Standard and supplemental batteries. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
67. Yeates, K. O. (1994). Comparison of developmental norms for the Boston Naming Test. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 8, 91-98.
68. Yeates, K. O., Taylor, H. G., Drotar, D., Wade, S., Stancin, T., & Klein, S. (1997). Preinjury family environment as a determinant of recovery from traumatic brain injury in school-age children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 617-630.