Nanoscale heterogeneity if glass-forming liquids: Experimental advances

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 378-385

  Böhmer, Roland ^a  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

FE filter efficiency; MCT mode coupling theory; NMR nuclear magnetic resonance; NSHB nonresonant spectral hole burning; OTP ortho terphenyl; TC critical temperature of MCT; Tg calorimetric glass transition temperature

Indexed keywords

EID: 0037492934     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0286(98)80048-X     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Goldstein M. Viscous liquids and the glass transition: a potential energy barrier picture. J Chem Phys. 51:1969;3728.
2. Götze W. Aspects of structural glass transitions. Hansen JP, Levesque D, Zinn-Justin J. Liquids, Freezing, and the Glass Transition. 1991;287 North-Holland, Amsterdam.
3. Sillescu H. Heterogeneity at the glass transition. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1998; An excellent review, particularly dealing with the theoretical concepts developed for a better understanding of the heterogeneity near the glass transition.
4. Leheny R, Menon N, Nagel SR, Volin K, Price DL, Thiyagarjan P. Structural studies of an organic liquid through the glass transition. J Chem Phys. 105:1996;7783.
5. Morineau D, Alba-Simionesco C, Bellissent MC, Lauthié MF. Experimental indication of structural heterogeneity in fragile hydrogen bonded liquids. Europhys Lett. 43:1998;195.
6. Cole KS, Cole RH. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics: I. Alternating current characteristics. J Chem Phys. 9:1941;341.
7. Jonscher AK. Dielectric Relaxation in Solids. 1983;Chelsea Dielectrics Press, Chelsea, London.
8. Böhmer R, Chamberlin RV, Diezemann G, Geil B, Heuer A, Hinze G, Kuebler SC, Richert R, Schiener B, Silescu H, et al. Nature of the non-exponential primary relaxation in structural glass-formers probed by dynamically selective experiments. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1:1998;235-237.
9. Moynihan CT, Boesch LP, Laberge NL. Decay function for the electric field relaxation in vitreous ionic conductors. Phys Chem Glasses. 14:1973;122.
10. Dixon PK. Specific-heat spectroscopy and dielectric susceptibility measurements of salol at the glass transition. Phys Rev B. 42:1990;8179.
11. Moerner WE. Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Science and Applications. 1988;Springer, Berlin.
12. Schmidt-Rohr K, Spiess HW. Nature of nonexponential loss of correlation above the glass transition investigated by multidimensional NMR. Phys Rev Lett. 66:1991;3020.
13. Schmidt-Rohr K, Spiess HW. Multidimensional Solid-State NMR and Polymers. 1994;Academic Press, London.
14. Heuer A, Wilhelm M, Zimmermann H, Spiess HW. Rate memory of structural relaxation in glasses and its detection by multidimensional NMR. Phys Rev Lett. 75:1995;2851.
15. Kuebler SC, Heuer A, Spiess HW. Glass transition of polymers: memory effects in structural relaxation of polystyrene. Phys Rev E. 56:1997;741.
16. Böhmer R, Diezemann G, Hinze G, Sillescu H. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of higher-order correlation functions in supercooled ortho-terphenyl. J Chem Phys. 108:1998;890-899.
17. Hinze G. Geometry and time scale of the reorientational dynamics in supercooled toluene. phys Rev E. 57:1998;2010.
18. Hinze G, Böhmer R, Diezemann G, Sillescu E. Experimental determination of four-time stimulated echoes in liquids, colloidal dispersions, and crystals. J Magn Reson. 131:1998;218.
19. Böhmer R. Non-exponential relaxation is disordered materials: Phenomenological correlations and spectrally selective experiments. Phase Trans. 65:1998;. in press.
20. Tracht U, Heuer A, Spiess HW. Differential dynamic filters constructed from multidimensional NMR experiments. J Non-Cryst Solids. 27:1998;235-237.
21. Tracht U, Wilhelm M, Heuer A, Feng H, Schmidt-Rohr K, Spiess HW. Length scale of the glass transition as determined by multidimensional NMR. Phys Rev Lett. 1998; The authors introduce an NMR technique which combines the detection of higher-order correlation functions with spatial selection achieved via proton spin-diffusion to give an upper bound of 2 nm for the heterogeneity length scale in an amorphous polymer.
22. Cicerone MT, Ediger MD. Relaxation of spatially heterogeneous dynamic domains in supercooled ortho-terphenyl. J Chem Phys. 103:1995;5684.
23. Schiener B, Böhmer R, Loidl A, Chamberlin RV. Non-resonant spectral hole burning in the slow dielectric response of supercooled liquids. Science. 274:1996;752.
24. Moynihan CT. Description and analysis of electrical relaxation data for ionically conducting glasses and melts. Siolid State Ionics. 105:1998;175 Based on a fluctuation model the author arrives at specific predictions concerning the degree of heterogeneity of ion conducting melts.
25. Schiener B, Chamberlin RV, Diezemann G, Böhmer R. Dielectric hole burning spectroscopy of supercooled liquids. J Chem Phys. 107:1997;7746.
26. Struik LCE. Physical Ageing in Amorphous Polymers and Others Materials. 1978;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
27. Alegria A, Goitiandia L, Telleria L, Colmenero J. α-relaxation in the glass-transition range of amorphous polymers 2. Influence of physical aging on the dielectric relaxation. Macromolecules. 30:1997;3881.
28. Miller RS, MacPhail RA. Ultraslow nonequilibrium dynamics in supercooled glycerol studied by Brillouin gain spectroscopy. J Chem Phys. 106:1997;3393.
29. Leheny RL, Nagel SR. Frequency-domain study of physical aging in a simple liquid. Phys Rev B. 57:1998;5154 Using temperature quench experiments the authors studied the dielectric susceptibility of supercooled glycerol. No indications for ultraslow components were detected during the re-equilibration process.
30. Krüger JK, Bohn KP, Jiménez R, Schreiber J. On the existence of an intrinsic glass transition in a fragile liquid: polyvinylacetate. Colloid Polym Sci. 274:1996;490.
31. Chamberlin RV. Experiments and theory of the non-exponential relaxation in liquids, glasses, polymers, and crystals. Phase Trans. 65:1998;. in press.
32. Moynihan CT, Schroeder J. Nonexponential structural relaxation, anomalous light scattering and nanoscale inhomogeneities in glassforming liquids. J Non-Cryst Solids. 160:1993;52.
33. Cicerone MI, Ediger MD. Enhanced translation of probe molecules in supercooled o-terphenyl: signature of spatially heterogeneous dynamics? J Chem Phys. 104:1996;7210.
34. Ediger MD. Can density or entropy fluctuations explain enhanced translational diffusion in glass-forming liquids? J Non-Cryst Solids. 10:1998;235-237 The author used variable size probes dissolved in supercooled liquids to explore the heterogeneity of the primary relaxation.
35. Kanaya T, Patlowski A, Fischer EW, Seils J, Gläser H, Kaji K. Lightscattering studies of short- and long-range density and anisotropy fluctuations in a bulk polysiloxane. Macromolecules. 28:1995;7831.
36. Barkatt A, Angell CA. On the use of structural probe ions for relaxations studies in glasses: 2. Temperature-jump and temperature ramp studies on cobalt(II) in nitrate glasses. J Phys Chem. 71:1975;2192.
37. -. J Phys Chem. 96:1992;9089.
38. g from time resolved inhomogeneous broadening of optical line shapes. J Phys Chem B. 101:1997;6323 The author introduces an optical phosphorescence experiment which allows one to monitor 'higher moments' of a macroscopic relaxation function by the spectrally resolved detection of microscopic responses.
39. Döβ A, Hinze G, Diezemann G, Böhmer R, Sillescu H. Spatial heterogeneity in glassy polystyrene detected by deuteron NMR relaxation. Acta Polym. 49:1998;56.
40. 15N NMR study. Phys Rev Lett. 78:1997;3495.
41. Jackson CL, McKenna GB. The glass transition of organic liquids confined to small pores. J Non-Cryst solids. 221:1991;131-133.
42. Zhang C, Liu G, Jonas JJ. Effects of confinement on the glass transition temperature of molecular liquids. J Phys Chem. 96:1992;3478.
43. Arndt M, Stannarius R, Groothues H, Hempel E, Kremer F. Length scale of cooperativity in the dynamic glass transition. Phys Rev Lett. 79:1997;2077 The authors report on the dielectric relaxation of supercooled liquids in nanoporous matrices. Confinement effects were studied for lubricated (coated) as well as for uncoated pore surfaces.
44. Barut G, Pissis P, Pelster R, Nimtz G. Glass transitions in liguids: two- versus three-dimensional confinement. Phys Rev Lett. 80:1998;3453.
45. Streck C, Mel'nichenko YuB, Richert R. Dynamics of solvation in supercooled liquids confined to the pores of sol - gel glasses. Phys Rev B. 53:1996;5341.
46. Liu GL, Li YZ, Jonas J. Reorientation dynamics of molecular liquids in confined geometries. J Chem Phys. 90:1989;5881.
47. Korb JP, Delville A, Xu S, Demeulenaere G, Costa P, Jonas J. Relative role of surface interactions and topological effects in nuclear magnetic resonance of confined liquids. J Chem Phys. 101:1994;7074.
48. Mel'nichenko YuB, Schüller J, Richert R, Ewen B, Loong CK. Dynamics of hydrogen bonded liquids confined to mesopores: a dielectric and neutron spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys. 103:1995;2016.
49. Carini G, Grupi V, D'Angelo G, Majolino D, Migliardo P, Mel'nichenko YuB. Relaxation dynamics of H-bonded liquids confined in porous silica gels by Rayleigh wing spectroscopy. J Chem Phys. 107:1997;2292.
50. Dubochet J, Adrian M, Teixera J, Alba C, Kadiyala RA, MacFarlane DR, Angell CA. Glass-forming microemulsions Vitrification of simple liquids and electron microscope probing of droplet-packing modes. J Phys Chem. 88:1984;6727.
51. Forrest JA, Dalnoki-Veress K, Stevens JR, Dutcher JR. Effect of free surfaces on the glass transition temperature of thin polymer films. Phys Rev Lett. 57:1996;2963.
52. Jérôme B, Commandeur J. Dynamics of glasses below the glass transition. Nature. 386:1997;589.
53. Böhmer R, Angell CA. Global and local relaxations in glass-forming materials. Richert R, Blumen A. Disorder Effects on Relaxational Processes. 1994;11-54 Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.
54. Rizos AK, Ngai KL. Cooperative length scale of Aroclor near its dynamic glass transition. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 455:1997;141.
55. Diezemann G, Sillescu H, Hinze G, Böhmer R. Rotational correlation functions and apparently enhanced translational diffusion in a free energy landscape model for the primary relaxation in glass-forming liquids. Phys Rev E. 57:1998;4398.
56. c. J Chem Phys. 106:1997;9996.
57. Andreozzi L, Di Schino A, Giordano M, Leporini D. Evidence of a fractional Debye-Stokes-Einstein law in supercooled o-terphenyl. Europhys Lett. 38:1997;699.
58. Wuttke J, Petry W, Pouget S. Structural relaxation in viscous glycerol: coherent neutron scattering. J Chem Phys. 105:1996;6177.
59. Gibson JM, Treacy MMJ, Loretto D. Electron speckle and higher order correlation functions from amorphous thin films. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 455:1997;349.
60. Walther LE, Israeloff NE, Vidal Russell E, Alvarez Gomariz H. Mesoscopic-scale dielectric relaxation at the glass transition. Phys Rev B. 57:1998;R15112.
61. Doster W, Post F, Settles M. Origin of nonexponential relaxation in proteins. Richert R, Blumen A. Disorder Effects on Relaxational Processes. 1994;615-626 Berlin Heidelberg, Springer.
62. Novikov V, Rössler E, Malinovski V. Fragility as a measure of dynamic inhomogeneity. Prog Theor Phys Suppl. 102:1997;387.
63. Kanaya T, Tsukushi I, Kaji K, Gabrys B, Bennington SM. Heterogeneity of amorphous polymers with various fragility indices as studied in terms of non-Gaussian parameter. J Non-Cryst Solids. 212:1998;235-237.
64. Vogel M, Rössler E. Exchange processes in disordered systems studied by solid state 2D NMR. J Phys Chem. 102:1998;2102.
65. Schirmacher W, Diezmann G, Canter C. Harmonic vibrational excitations in disordered solids and the "Boson peak" Phys Rev Lett. 81:1998;136.