Relation of cerebral infarctions to dementia and cognitive function in older persons

Neurology

Volumn 60, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 1082-1088

  Schneider, J A ^a,b   Wilson, R S ^a,b   Cochran, E J ^b   Bienias, J L ^a,b   Arnold, S E ^c   Evans, D A ^a,b   Bennett, D A ^a  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; BRAIN INFARCTION; COGNITION; DEMENTIA; DEPTH PERCEPTION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCORING SYSTEM; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 0037426416     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000055863.87435.B2     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Roth M. Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurol Sci 1970;11:205-242.
2. Nyenhuis DL, Gorelick PB. Vascular dementia: a contemporary review of epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:1437-1448.
3. Brust JC. Vascular dementia is overdiagnosed. Arch Neurol 1998;45:799-801.
4. Hachinski VC. The decline and resurgence of vascular dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1990;142:107-111.
5. Gold G. Reevaluating the role of vascular changes in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Eur Neurol 1998;40:121-129.
6. Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, et al. Association of stroke with dementia, cognitive impairment, and functional disability in the very old: a population based study. Stroke 1998;29:2094-2099.
7. Desmond DW, Moroney JT, Paik MC, et al. Frequency and clinical determinants of dementia after ischemic stroke. Neurology 2000;54:1124-1131.
8. Ross GW, Petrovitch H, White LR, et al. Characterization of risk factors for vascular dementia. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology 1999;53:337-343.
9. Steffens DC, MacFall JR, Payne ME, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Krishnan KR. Grey-matter lesions and dementia. Lancet 2000;356:1686-1687.
10. Kramer JH, Reed BR, Mungas D, Weiner MW, Chui HC. Executive dysfunction in the subcortical ischemic vascular disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72:217-220.
11. Price TR, Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, et al. Silent brain infarction on magnetic resonance imaging and neurological abnormalities in community-dwelling older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1997;28:1158-1164.
12. Longstreth WT, Bernick C, Manolio TA, Bryan N, Jungreis CA, Price TR. Lacunar infarcts defined by magnetic resonance imaging of 3660 elderly people: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol 1998;55:1217-1225.
13. Takao M, Koto A, Tanahashi N, Fukuuchi Y, Takagi M, Morinaga S. Pathologic findings of silent small hyperintense foci in the basal ganglia and thalamus on MRI. Neurology 1999;52:666-668.
14. Bokura H, Kobayashi S, Yamaguchi S. Distinguishing silent lacunar infarction from enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces: a magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic study. J Neurol 1998;245:116-122.
15. Neuropathology Group of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Aging Study (MRC CFAS). Pathologic correlates of late onset dementia in a multicentre, community based population in England and Wales. Lancet 2001;357:169-175.
16. Wilson RS, Mendes de Leon CF, Barnes LL, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident AD. JAMA 2002;287:742-748.
17. Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Barnes LL, et al. Individual differences in rates of change in cognitive abilities of older persons. Psychol Aging 2002;17:179-193.
18. Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, et al. The natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology 2002;59:198-205.
19. Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD (CERAD), part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1989;39:1159-1165.
20. Bennett DA, Shannon KM, Beckett LA, Goetz CG, Wilson RS. Metric properties of nurses' ratings of parkinsonian signs with a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Neurology 1997;49:1580-1587.
21. Mufson EJ, Chen EY, Cochran EJ, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Kordower JH. Entorhinal cortex beta amyloid load in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Exp Neurol 1999;158:469-490.
22. Kordower JH, Chu Y, Stebbins GT, et al. Loss and atrophy of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2001;49:202-213.
23. DeKosky ST, Ikonomovic M, Styren S, et al. Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2001;49:202-213.
24. Mitchell TW, Nissanov J, Han LY, et al. Novel method to quantify neuropil threads in brains form elders with and without cognitive impairment. J Histochem Cytochem 2000;48:1627-1637.
25. McKhann G, Drachmann D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan E. Clinical diagnosis of AD. Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on AD. Neurology 1984;34:939.
26. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
27. Welsh K, Butters N, Hughes JP, et al. Detection and staging of dementia in AD: use of the neuropsychological measures developed for CERAD. Arch Neurol 1992;49:448-452.
28. Albert MS, Smith LA, Scherr PA, et al. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically-diagnosed AD. Int J Neurosci 1991;57:167-178.
29. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale-revised manual. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1987.
30. Ekstrom RB, French JW, Harman HH, Dermen D. Manual for kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests. Princeton: Educational Testing Service, 1976.
31. Blair JR, Spreen O. Predicting premorbid IQ: a revision of the National Adult Reading Test. Clin Neuropsychol 1989;3:129-136.
32. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1972.
33. Nelson HE. National Adult Reading Test (NART): test manual. Windsor, UK: NFER Nelson, 1982.
34. Cooper JA, Sagar HJ. Incidental and intentional recall in Parkinson's disease: an account based on diminished attentional resources. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15:713-731.
35. Cooper JA, Sagar HJ, Jordan N, Harvey NS, Sullivan EV. Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 1991;114:2095-2122.
36. Craik F. A functional account of age differences in memory. In: Klix F, Hagendoft H, eds. Human memory and cognitive capabilities: mechanisms and performances. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers BV, 1986;409-422.
37. Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test manual-revised. Los Angeles: Western Psychological, 1984.
38. Benton AL, Varney N, et al. Visuospatial judgment-a clinical test. Arch Neurol 1978;35:364-367.
39. Raven JC, Court JH, Raven J. Standard progressive matrices-1992 edition: Raven manual: section 3. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press, 1992.
40. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user guide (version 8). Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 2000.
41. Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Albert M, Evans DA. Change in cognitive function among older persons from a community population: relation to age and AD. Arch Neurol 1999;56:1274-1279.
42. Wilson RS, Gilley DW, Bennett DA, Beckett LA, Evans DA. Person-specific paths of cognitive decline in AD and their relation to age. Psychol Aging 2000;15:18-28.
43. Lukatela KA, Cohen RA, Kessler HA, et al. Dementia rating scale performance: a comparison of vascular and Alzheimer's dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2000;22:445-454.
44. Bowler JV, Hachinski V, Steenhuis R, Lee D. Vascular cognitive impairment: clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging findings in early vascular dementia. Lancet 1998;352(suppl 4):63.
45. Chui H. Dementia due to subcortical ischemic vascular disease. Clinical Cornerstone 2001;3:40-51.
46. Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of AD. The Nun Study. JAMA 1997;277:813-817.
47. Esiri MM, Nagy Z, Smith MZ, Barnetson L, Smith AD. Cerebrovascular disease and threshold for dementia in the early stages of AD. Lancet 1999;354:919-920.
48. Butler SM, Snowdon DA. Trends in mortality in older women: findings from the Nun Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1996;51:S201-S208.
49. Bowler JV, Steenhuis R, Hachinski V. Conceptual background to vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999;13(S3): S30-S37.
50. Rockwood K, Howard K, MacKnight C, Darvesh S. Spectrum of disease in vascular cognitive impairment. Neuroepidemiology 1999;18:248-254.
51. Gold G, Giannakopoulos P, Montes-Paixao C Jr, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia. Neurology 1997;49:690-694.