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1
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0000713956
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Zur theorie des gesetzes der energieverteilung im normalenspektrum
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English translation
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M. Planck, "Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalenspektrum," Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 2, 237 (1900); English translation: "On the theory of the energy distribution law of the normal spectrum," in The Old Quantum Theory, edited by D. ter Haar (Pergamon, New York, 1967), p. 82.
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Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges.
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Planck, M.1
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2
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0344668956
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On the theory of the energy distribution law of the normal spectrum
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Pergamon, New York
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M. Planck, "Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalenspektrum," Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 2, 237 (1900); English translation: "On the theory of the energy distribution law of the normal spectrum," in The Old Quantum Theory, edited by D. ter Haar (Pergamon, New York, 1967), p. 82.
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The Old Quantum Theory
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Ter Haar, D.1
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3
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84975992049
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Über die lichtelektrische Wirkung
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P. Lenard, "Über die lichtelektrische Wirkung," Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 8, 149-198 (1902).
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Lenard, P.1
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84978256394
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Über einen die erzeugung und verwandlung des lichtes betreffenden heuristischen gesichtspunkt
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English translation
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A. Einstein, "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt," Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 17, 132-148 (1905); English translation: A. Arons and M. Peppard, "Concerning an heuristic point of view toward the emission and transformation of light," Am. J. Phys. 33, 367-374 (1965).
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Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)
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Einstein, A.1
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5
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84953660406
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Concerning an heuristic point of view toward the emission and transformation of light
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A. Einstein, "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt," Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 17, 132-148 (1905); English translation: A. Arons and M. Peppard, "Concerning an heuristic point of view toward the emission and transformation of light," Am. J. Phys. 33, 367-374 (1965).
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Arons, A.1
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37249004902
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Waves and quanta
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The scattering of electrons, by a single crystal of nickel
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Davisson, C.1
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33646632799
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note
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A student, having been taught some elementary statistical physics, would be tempted to answer the second one by analogy with the Galton board. Also there, the trajectory of the single particle appears to be undetermined and still the count rate in each channel would be in agreement with the deterministic laws of classical statistics. But we should note, first of all, that the apparent randomness in this example is only due to the ill-defined initial conditions when we release the ball. Second, if we were to perform such a Galton experiment with two different starting positions, the probability distributions of these experiments would simply add up and interference would never be observed.
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11
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34250933723
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Beugung von molekularstrahlen
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I. Estermann and O. Stern, "Beugung von Molekularstrahlen," Z. Phys. 61, 95-125 (1930).
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Estermann, I.1
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12
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0001811367
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Preuve expérimentale de la diffraction des neutrons
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H. v. Halban Jnr. and P. Preiswerk, "Preuve Expérimentale de la Diffraction Des Neutrons," C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 203, 73-75 (1936).
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Halban H.V., Jr.1
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13
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0001262699
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Wave-optical experiments with very cold neutrons
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R. Gähler and A. Zeilinger, "Wave-optical experiments with very cold neutrons," Am. J. Phys. 59, 316-324 (1991).
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Electron diffraction at multiple slits
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35949008423
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A. Zeilinger, R. Gähler, C. G. Shull, W. Treimer, and W. Mampe, "Single- and double-dlit diffraction of neutrons," Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 1067-1073 (1988).
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Zeilinger, A.1
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16
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0001605263
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Young's, double-slit experiment with atoms: A simple atom interferometer
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O. Carnal and J. Mlynek, "Young's, double-slit experiment with atoms: A simple atom interferometer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2689-2692 (1991).
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The nondestructive detection of the Helium dimer and trimer
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The manipulation of neutral particles
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S. Chu, "The manipulation of neutral particles," Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 685-706 (1998).
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Manipulating atoms with photons
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Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor
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M. H, Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, "Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor," Science 269, 198-201 (1995).
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25
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4244115335
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Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of Sodium atoms
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K. B. Davis, M.-O. Mewes, M. R. Andrews, N. J. van Druten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, "Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of Sodium atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969-3973 (1995).
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0031038778
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Observation of interference between two Bose condensates
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M. R. Andrews, C. Townsend, H. Miesner, D. Durfee, D. Kurn, and W. Ketterle, "Observation of interference between two Bose condensates," Science 275, 637-641 (1997).
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0001454715
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Molecular interferometry experiments
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0000327906
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2 molecules," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4783-4786 (1995).
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30
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33646629705
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edited by P. R. Herman (Academic, New York)
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See comment by J. Clauser in Atom Interferometry, edited by P. R. Herman (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 143.
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Atom Interferometry
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Clauser, J.1
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0342521616
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Determination of the bond length and binding energy of the Helium dimer by diffraction from a transmission grating
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R. E. Grisenti, W. Schollkopf, J. P. Toennies, G. C. Hegerfeldt, T. Kohler, and M. Stoll, "Determination of the bond length and binding energy of the Helium dimer by diffraction from a transmission grating," Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2284-2287 (2000).
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32
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0013039042
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Cosmoids, fullerenes and continuous polygons
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edited by C. Taliani, G. Ruani, and R. Zamboni (World Scientific, Singapore)
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L. Saffaro, "Cosmoids, fullerenes and continuous polygons," in Proceedings of the First Italian Workshop on Fullerenes: Status and Perspectives, edited by C. Taliani, G. Ruani, and R. Zamboni (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), Vol. 2, p. 55.
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1542743726
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C60: Buckmin-sterfullerene
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H. Kroto, J. Heath, S. O'Brian, R. Curl, and R. Smalley, "C60: Buckmin-sterfullerene," Nature (London) 318, 162-166 (1985).
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35
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33646614150
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note
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It is interesting to compare the de Broglie wavelength of the fullerene with its actual size: The buckyball has a diameter of about 1 nm, which is 350 times larger than its de Broglie wavelength. Our interference experiments clearly show that the concept of the de Broglie wavelength is not merely academic for objects with dimensions much larger than their wavelengths but can actually be demonstrated.
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36
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33646630229
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note
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Our gratings were provided by Professor Henry Smith and Dr. Tim Savas of MIT.
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37
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0033554694
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60 molecules
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60 molecules," Nature (London) 401, 680-682 (1999); O. Nairz, M. Arndt, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental challenges in fullerene interferometry," J. Mod. Opt. 47, 2811-2821 (2000).
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Experimental challenges in fullerene interferometry
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60 molecules," Nature (London) 401, 680-682 (1999); O. Nairz, M. Arndt, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental challenges in fullerene interferometry," J. Mod. Opt. 47, 2811-2821 (2000).
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J. Mod. Opt.
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39
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0000782334
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Die wahrscheinliche Schwingungsverteilung in einer von einer Lichtquelle direkt oder mittels einer Linse beleuchteten Ebene
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For the original work see P. V. Cittert, "Die wahrscheinliche Schwingungsverteilung in einer von einer Lichtquelle direkt oder mittels einer Linse beleuchteten Ebene," Physica (Amsterdam) 1, 201-210 (1934), and F. Zernike, "The concept of degree of coherence and its application to optical problems," ibid. 5, 785-795 (1938). A textbook with a detailed account of the theorem is M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1993).
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Physica (Amsterdam)
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Cittert, P.V.1
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40
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0000154350
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The concept of degree of coherence and its application to optical problems
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For the original work see P. V. Cittert, "Die wahrscheinliche Schwingungsverteilung in einer von einer Lichtquelle direkt oder mittels einer Linse beleuchteten Ebene," Physica (Amsterdam) 1, 201-210 (1934), and F. Zernike, "The concept of degree of coherence and its application to optical problems," ibid. 5, 785-795 (1938). A textbook with a detailed account of the theorem is M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1993).
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Physica (Amsterdam)
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Zernike, F.1
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41
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0000782334
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Pergamon, New York
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For the original work see P. V. Cittert, "Die wahrscheinliche Schwingungsverteilung in einer von einer Lichtquelle direkt oder mittels einer Linse beleuchteten Ebene," Physica (Amsterdam) 1, 201-210 (1934), and F. Zernike, "The concept of degree of coherence and its application to optical problems," ibid. 5, 785-795 (1938). A textbook with a detailed account of the theorem is M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1993).
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Principles of Optics
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0000162168
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Determination of atom-surface van der Waals potentials from transmission-grating diffraction intensities
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This effect has also been described in the context of He diffraction in R. E. Grisenti, W. Schöllkopf, J. P. Toennies, G. C. Hegerfeldt, and T. Köhler, "Determination of atom-surface van der Waals potentials from transmission-grating diffraction intensities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1755-1758 (1999).
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45
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36149011366
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The influence of retardation on the London-van der Waals forces
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Thermal radiation from small particles
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