Cyclin D1 serves as a cell cycle regulatory switch in actively proliferating cells

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 158-163

  Stacey, Dennis W ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLIN D; RAS PROTEIN;

CELL CYCLE; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL CYCLE S PHASE; CELL LEVEL; CELL PROLIFERATION; DNA SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW;

EID: 0037376168     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(03)00008-5     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. Cooper S. The Schaechter-Bentzon-Maaloe experiment and the analysis of cell cycle events in eukaryotic cells. Trends. Microbiol. 10:2002;169-173.
2. Olashaw N., Pledger W.J. Paradigms of growth control: relation to Cdk activation. Science's STKE: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment. 2002:2002;RE7.
3. Sherr C.J., Roberts J.M. CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression. Genes Devel. 13:1999;1501-1512.
4. Girard F., Strausfeld U., Fernandez A., Lam N.J.C. Cyclin A is required for the onset of DNA replication in mammalian fibroblasts. Cell. 67:1991;1169-1179.
5. Burke L.C., Bybee A., Linch D.C. The retinoblastoma protein is partially phosphorylated during early G1 in cycling cells but not in G1 cells arrested with alpha-interferon. Oncogene. 6:1991;317-322.
6. Coder D., Varvayanis S., Yen A. Late dephosphorylation of the RB protein in G2 during the process of induced cell differentiation. Eur. J. Cell. Biol. 72:1997;159-165.
7. Shayman J.A., Cooper S. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein not necessary for passage through the mammalian cell division cycle. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58:2001;580-595.
8. Lillycrop K.A., Bybee A., Latchman D.S., Thomas N.S. The phosphorylation state of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein in G0/G1 is dependent on growth status. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;20888-20892.
9. Shayman J.A., Cooper S. Revisiting retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation during the mammalian cell cycle. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 58:2001;580-595 This study presents the evidence that phosphorylation of the Rb protein takes place throughout the cell cycle in actively cycling cells. Those cells with hypophosphorylated Rb are likely to be cells within the culture whose proliferation is retarded. This result is quite different than the conclusions reached in studies with serum-deprived cultures.
10. Ekholm S.V., Zickert P., Reed S.I., Zetterberg A., Xu X. Accumulation of cyclin E is not a prerequisite for passage through the restriction point chromosomal localization and 5′ sequence of the human protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5′ gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 21:2001;3256-3265 Studies of cyclin E expression were performed with time lapse analyses in actively cycling cultures. In these cells, cyclin E expression took place following passage through the restriction point. The conclusions were quite different than reported in serum-stimulated cultures, where cyclin E expression apparently was required for the restriction point.
11. Larsson O., Zetterberg A. Existence of a commitment program for mitosis in early G1 in tumour cells. Cell Prolif. 28:1995;33-43.
12. Stacey D.W., Hitomi M., Kanovsky M., Gan L., Johnson E.M. Cell cycle arrest and morphological alterations following microinjection of NIH3T3 cells with Pur alpha. Oncogene. 18:1999;4254-4261.
13. Hitomi M., Stacey D.W. Cellular ras and cyclin D1 are required during different cell cycle periods in cycling NIH 3T3 cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 19:1999;4623-4632.
14. Hitomi M., Stacey D.W. Cyclin D1 production in cycling cells depends on ras in a cell-cycle-specific manner. Curr. Biol. 9:1999;1075-1084.
15. Hitomi M., Stacey D.W. Ras-dependent cell cycle commitment during G2 phase. FEBS Lett. 490:2001;123-131.
16. Sa G., Hitomi M., Harwalkar J., Stacey A.W., Chen G., Stacey D.W. Ras is active throughout the cell cycle, but is able to induce cyclin D1 only during G2 phase. Cell Cycle. 1:2002;50-58 From this study, it is clear that Ras activity is able to induce cyclin D1 only during G2 phase. Whatever the mechanism for induction of cyclin D1, therefore, it is able to take place only during G2 phase.
17. Guo Y., Stacey D.W., Hitomi M. Post-transcriptional regulation of cyclin D1 expression during G2 phase. Oncogene. 21:2002;7545-7556 It is clear from this work that the induction of cyclin D1 during G2 phase is dependent upon post-transcriptional mechanisms.
18. Pagano M., Theodoras A.M., Tam S.W., Draetta G.F., Chen J. Cyclin D1-mediated inhibition of repair and replicative DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. Genes Dev. 8:1994;1627-1639.
19. Chen J., Peters R., Saha P., Lee P., Theodoras A., Pagano M., Wagner G., Dutta A. A 39-amino-acid fragment of the cell cycle regulator p21 is sufficient to bind PCNA and partially inhibit DNA replication in vivo. Nucleic. Acids Res. 24:1996;1727-1733.
20. Cheng M., Olivier P., Diehl J.A., Fero M., Rousell M.F., Roberts J.M., Sherr C. The p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) CDK 'inhibitors' are essential activators of cyclin D-dependent kinases in murine fibroblasts. EMBO J. 18:1999;1571-1583.
21. Abraham R.T. Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes Dev. 15:2001;2177-2196.
22. Taylor W.R., Stark G.R. Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene. 20:2001;1803-1815.