A Raf-1 mutant that dissociates MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation from malignant transformation and differentiation but not proliferation

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 1983-1993

  Dhillon, Amardeep S ^a   Meikle, Sharon ^a   Peyssonnaux, Carole ^e   Grindlay, Joan ^a   Kaiser, Christian ^c   Steen, Helge ^b,f   Shaw, Peter E ^b   Mischak, Harald ^d   Eychène, Alain ^e   Kolch, Walter ^a  

^a BEATSON INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^d HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

^e INSTITUT CURIE   (France)

^f GeneScan Europe AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; MUTANT PROTEIN; RAF PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANCHORAGE INDEPENDENT GROWTH; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CARCINOGENICITY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STRAIN 3T3; CELL STRAIN COS1; CHICKEN; CONTACT INHIBITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; MOUSE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NERVE FIBER GROWTH; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPORTER GENE; RETINA CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

14-3-3 PROTEINS; 3T3 CELLS; ACTIVE TRANSPORT, CELL NUCLEUS; ALLELES; ANIMALS; BINDING SITES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS; CONTACT INHIBITION; COS CELLS; ENZYME ACTIVATION; FEEDBACK, BIOCHEMICAL; GENES, REPORTER; MAP KINASE KINASE KINASE 1; MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM; MICE; MICE, SCID; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3; MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; MUTAGENESIS, SITE-DIRECTED; PC12 CELLS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-RAF; RATS; TRANSFECTION; TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE;

ANIMALIA; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 0037373062     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.6.1983-1993.2003     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Alessandrini, A., H. Greulich, W. D. Huang, and R. L. Erikson. 1996. Mek1 phosphorylation site mutants activate Raf-1 in NIH 3T3 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31612-31618.
2. Andersson, S., D. L. Davis, H. Dahlback, H. Jornvall, and D. W. Russell. 1989. Cloning, structure, and expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 sterol 26-hydroxylase, a bile acid biosynthetic enzyme. J. Biol. Chem. 264:8222-8229.
3. Baccarini, M. 2002. An old kinase on a new path: Raf and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ. 9:783-785.
4. Blalock, W. L., M. Pearce, L. S. Steelman, R. A, Franklin, S. A. McCarthy, H. Cherwinski, M. McMahon, and J. A. McCubrey. 2000. A conditionally-active form of MEK1 results in autocrine transformation of human and mouse hematopoietic cells. Oncogene 19:526-536.
5. Bonner, T., S. J. O'Brien, W. G. Nash, U. R. Rapp, C. C. Morton, and P. Leder. 1984. The human homologs of the raf (mil) oncogene are located on human chromosomes 3 and 4. Science 223:71-74.
6. Cowley, S., H. Paterson, P. Kemp, and C. J. Marshall. 1994. Activation of MAP kinase kinase is necessary and sufficient for PC12 differentiation and for transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Cell 77:841-852.
7. Dhillon, A. S., S. Meikle, Z. Yazici, M. Eulitz, and W. Kolch. 2002. Regulation of Raf-1 activation and signalling by dephosphorylation. EMBO J. 21:64-71.
8. Dhillon, A. S., C. Pollock, H. Steen, P. E. Shaw, H. Mischak, and W. Kolch, 2002. Cyclic AMP-dependent kinase regulates Raf-1 kinase mainly by phosphorylation of serine 259. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:3237-3246.
9. Dudley, D. T., L. Pang, S. J. Decker, A. J. Bridges, and A. R. Saltiel. 1995. A synthetic inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:7686-7689.
10. Dumaz, N., Y. Light, and R. Marais. 2002. Cyclic AMP blocks cell growth through Raf-1-dependent and Raf-1-independent mechanisms. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:3717-3728.
11. Häfner, S., H. S. Adler, H. Mischak, P. Janosch, G. Heidecker, A. Wolfman, S. Pippig, M. Lohse, M. Ueffing, and W. Kolch. 1994. Mechanism of inhibition of Raf-1 by protein kinase A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6696-6703.
12. 1 cyclin gene expression, and of proliferation in the human factor-dependent cell line MO7. Leukemia 8:740-748.
13. Heidecker, G., M. Huleihel, J. L. Cleveland, W. Kolch, T. W. Beck, P. Lloyd, T. Pawson, and U. R. Rapp. 1990. Mutational activation of c-raf-1 and definition of the minimal transforming sequence. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2503-2512.
14. Hu, Q., A. Klippel, A. J. Muslin, W. J. Fantl, and L. T. Williams. 1995. Ras-dependent induction of cellular responses by constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Science 268:100-102.
15. Huser, M., J. Luckett, A. Chiloeches, K. Mercer, M. Iwobi, S. Giblett, X. M. Sun, J. Brown, R. Marais, and C. Pritchard. 2001. MEK kinase activity is not necessary for Raf-1 function. EMBO J. 20:1940-1951.
16. Jaumot, M., and J. F. Hancock. 2001. Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A promote Raf-1 activation by regulating 14-3-3 interactions. Oncogene 20:3949-3958.
17. Kolch, W. 2000. Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/ MEK/ERK pathway by protein interactions. Biochem. J. 351:289-305.
18. Kortenjann, M., and P. E. Shaw. 1995. Raf-1 kinase and ERK2 uncoupled from mitogenic signals in rat fibroblasts. Oncogene 11:2105-2112.
19. Kubicek, M., M. Pacher, D. Abraham, K. Podar, M. Eulitz, and M. Baccarini. 2002. Dephosphorylation of Ser-259 regulates Raf-1 membrane association. J. Biol. Chem. 277:7913-7919.
20. Kuo, W. L., M. Abe, J. Rhee, E. M. Eves, S. A. McCarthy, M. Yan, D. J. Templeton, M. McMahon, and M. R. Rosner. 1996. Raf, but not MEK or ERK, is sufficient for differentiation of hippocampal neuronal cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:1458-1470.
21. Leevers, S. J., H. F. Paterson, and C. J. Marshall. 1994. Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature 369:411-414.
22. Lenormand, P., M. McMahon, and J. Pouysségur. 1996. Oncogenic Raf-1 activates p70 S6 kinase via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 271:15762-15768.
23. Majewski, M., M. Nieborowska-Skorska, P. Salomoni, A. Slupianek, K. Reiss, R. Trotta, B. Calabretta, and T. Skorski. 1999. Activation of mitochondrial Raf-1 is involved in the antiapoptotic effects of Akt. Cancer Res. 59:2815-2819.
24. Mansour, S. J., J. M. Candia, K. K. Gloor, and N. G. Ahn. 1996. Constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAPKK1) and MAPKK2 mediate similar transcriptional and morphological responses. Cell Growth Differ. 7:243-250.
25. Marshall, C. J. 1995. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 80:179-185.
26. McCubrey, J. A., J. T. Lee, L. S. Steelman, W. L. Blalock, P. W. Moye, F. Chang, M. Pearce, J. G. Shelton, M. K. White, R. A. Franklin, and S. C. Pohnert. 2001. Interactions between the PI3K and Raf signaling pathways can result in the transformation of hematopoietic cells. Cancer Detect. Prev. 25:375-393.
27. Mikula, M., M. Schreiber, Z. Husak, L. Kucerova, J. Ruth, R. Wieser, K. Zatloukal, H. Beug, E. F. Wagner, and M. Baccarini. 2001. Embryonic lethality and fetal liver apoptosis in mice lacking the c-raf-1 gene. EMBO J. 20:1952-1962.
28. Mineo, C., R. G. W. Anderson, and M. A. White. 1997. Physical association with Ras enhances activation of membrane-bound Raf (RafCAAX). J. Biol. Chem. 272:10345-10348.
29. Mischak, H., T. Seitz, P. Janosch, M. Eulitz, H. Steen, M. Schellerer, A. Philipp, and W. Kolch. 1996. Negative regulation of Raf-1 by phosphorylation of serine 621. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:5409-5418.
30. Morrison, D. K., G. Heidecker, U. R. Rapp, and T. D. Copeland. 1993. Identification of the major phosphorylation sites of the Raf-1 kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17309-17316.
31. Papin, C., A. Denouel-Galy, D. Laugier, G. Calothy, and A. Eychene. 1998. Modulation of kinase activity and oncogenic properties by alternative splicing reveals a novel regulatory mechanism for B-Raf. J. Biol. Chem. 273:24939-24947.
32. Peyssonnaux, C., S. Provot, M. P. Felder-Schmittbuhl, G. Calothy, and A. Eychène. 2000. Induction of postmitotic neuroretina cell proliferation by distinct Ras downstream signaling pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:7068-7079.
33. Porras, A., K. Muszynski, U. R. Rapp, and E. Santos. 1994. Dissociation between activation of Raf-1 kinase and the 42-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase/90-kDa S6 kinase (MAPK/RSK) cascade in the insulin/Ras pathway of adipocytic differentiation of 3T3 L1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269:12741-12748.
34. Pumiglia, K. M., and S. J. Decker. 1997. Cell cycle arrest mediated by the MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:448-452.
35. Rapp, U. R., M. D. Goldsborough, G. E. Mark, T. I. Bonner, J. Groffen, F. H. Reynolds, Jr., and J. R. Stephenson. 1983. Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:4218-4222.
36. Rommel, C., G. Radziwill, K. Moelling, and E. Hafen. 1997. Negative regulation of Raf activity by binding of 14-3-3 to the amino terminus of Raf in vivo. Mech. Dev. 64:95-104.
37. Rose, D. W., S. Xiao, T. S. Pillay, W. Kolch, and J. M. Olefsky. 1998. Prolonged vs transient roles for early cell cycle signaling components. Oncogene 17:889-899.
38. Roy, S., A. Lane, J. Yan, R. McPherson, and J. F. Hancock. 1997. Activity of plasma membrane-recruited Raf-1 is regulated by Ras via the Raf zinc finger. J. Biol. Chem. 272:20139-20145.
39. Schaeffer, H. J., and M. J. Weber. 1999, Mitogen-activated protein kinases: specific messages from ubiquitous messengers. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:2435-2444.
40. Sewing, A., B. Wiseman, A. C. Lloyd, and H. Land. 1997. High-intensity Raf signal causes cell cycle arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:5588-5597.
41. Stanton, V. P., Jr., D. W. Nichols, A. P. Laudano, and G. M. Cooper. 1989. Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:639-647.
42. Stokoe, D., S. G. Macdonald, K. Cadwallader, M. Symons, and J. F. Hancock. 1994. Activation of Raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane. Science 264:1463-1467.
43. Storm, S. M., U. Brennscheidt, G. Sithanandam, and U. R. Rapp. 1990. Raf oncogenes in carcinogenesis. Crit. Rev. Oncog. 2:1-8.
44. Treinies, I., H. F. Paterson, S. Hooper, R. Wilson, and C. J. Marshall. 1999. Activated MEK stimulates expression of AP-1 components independently of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) but requires a PI3-kinase signal to stimulate DNA synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:321-329.
45. Vale, T., T. T. Ngo, M. A. White, and P. E. Lipsky. 2001. Raf-induced transformation requires an interleukin 1 autocrine loop. Cancer Res. 61:602-607.
46. Vaudry, D., P. J. Stork, P. Lazarovici, and L. E. Eiden. 2002. Signaling pathways for PC12 cell differentiation: making the right connections. Science 296:1648-1649.
47. Wang, H. G., U. R. Rapp, and J. C. Reed. 1996. Bcl-2 targets the protein kinase Raf-1 to mitochondria. Cell 87:629-638.
48. Wang, S., R. N. Ghosh, and S. P. Chellappan. 1998. Raf-1 physically interacts with Rb and regulates its function: a link between mitogenic signaling and cell cycle regulation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:7487-7498.
49. Weissinger, E. M., G. Eissner, C. Grammer, S. Fackler, B. Haefner, L. S. Yoon, K. S. Lu, A. Bazarov, J. M. Sedivy, H. Mischak, and W. Kolch. 1997. Inhibition of the Raf-1 kinase by cyclic AMP agonists causes apoptosis of v-abl-transformed cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:3229-3241.
50. Woods, D., D. Parry, H. Cherwinski, E. Bosch, E. Lees, and M. McMahon. 1997. Raf-induced proliferation or cell cycle arrest is determined by the level of Raf activity with arrest mediated by p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:5598-5611.
51. Yeung, K., P. Janosch, B. McFerran, D. W. Rose, H. Mischak, J. M. Sedivy, and W. Kolch. 2000. Mechanism of suppression of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by the Raf kinase inhibitor protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20:3079-3085.
52. Yeung, K., T. Seitz, S. Li, P. Janosch, B. McFerran, C. Kaiser, F. Fee, K. D. Katsanakis, D. W. Rose, H. Mischak, J. M. Sedivy, and W. Kolch. 1999. Suppression of Raf-1 kinase activity and MAP kinase signalling by RKIP. Nature 401:173-177.
53. Yeung, K. C., D. W. Rose, A. S. Dhillon, D. Yaros, M. Gustafsson, D. Chatterjee, B. McFerran, J. Wyche, W. Kolch, and J. M. Sedivy. 2001. Raf kinase inhibitor protein interacts with NF-κB-inducing kinase and TAK1 and inhibits NF-κB activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21:7207-7217.
54. Zimmermann, S., and K. Moelling. 1999. Phosphorylation and regulation of raf by Akt (protein kinase B). Science 286:1741-1744.