Finger and toe ratios in humans and mice: Implications for the aetiology of diseases influenced by HOX genes

Medical Hypotheses

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 340-343

  Manning, John T ^a   Callow, M ^a   Bundred, P E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEX HORMONE; TESTOSTERONE;

AUTISM; BREAST CANCER; FAMILY SIZE; FEMALE; FERTILITY; FETUS GROWTH; FINGER; GENETIC CONSERVATION; GENITAL MALFORMATION; GONAD DEVELOPMENT; HEART INFARCTION; HEMATOPOIESIS; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HOX GENE; HUMAN; MALE; MORPHOGENESIS; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; TOE;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 0037372477     PISSN: 03069877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00400-0     Document Type: Review

References (27)

1. Goodman F. R., Scambler P. J. Human HOX gene mutations. Clin Genet 2001; 59: 1-15.
2. Mortlock D. P., Innis J. W., Post L. C. The molecular basis of hypodactyly (Hd), a deletion in Hoxa13 leads to arrest of digital arch formation. Nat Genet 1996; 13: 284-289.
3. Kondo T. J., Zakany J., Innis J., Duboule D. Of fingers, toes and penises. Nature 1997; 390: 29.
4. Mortlock D., Innis J. W. Mutation of HOXA13 in hand-foot-genital syndrome. Nat Genet 1997; 15: 179-180.
5. Peichel C. L., Prabhakaran B., Vogt T. F. The mouse Ulnaless mutation deregulates posterior HOXD gene expression and alters appendicular patterning. Development 1997; 124: 3493-3500.
6. Muragaki Y., Mundlos S., Upton J., Olsen B. R. Altered growth and branching patterns in synpolydactyly caused by mutations in HOXD13. Science 1996; 272: 548-551.
7. Manning J. T., Scutt D., Wilson J., Lewis-Jones D. I. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, lutemising hormone and oestrogen. Hum Rep 1998; 13: 3000-3004.
8. Manning J. T. Digit Ratio: a Pointer to Fertility, Behavior and Health. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2002.
9. Ecker A. Einige bemekungen uber einen schwankengen charakter in der hand des menchen. Arch Anthropol (Braunschweig) 1875; 8: 67-75.
10. Manning J. T., Barley L., Walton J., Lewis-Jones D. I., Trivers R. L., Singh D., Thornhill R., Rodhe P., Bereczkei T., Henzi P., Soler M., Szwed A. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences, and reproductive success: evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? Evol Hum Behav 2000; 21: 163-183.
11. Manning J. T., Trivers R. L., Thornhill R., Singh D. The 2nd:4th digit ratio and asymmetry of hand performance in Jamaican children. Laterality 2000; 5: 121-132.
12. Manning J. T., Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Sanders G. The 2nd to 4th digit ratio and autism. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43: 160-164.
13. Robinson S. J., Manning J. T. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and male homosexuality. Evol Hum Behav 2000; 21: 333-345.
14. Williams T. J., Pepitone M. E, Christensen S. E., Cooke B. M., Huberman A. D., Breedlove N. J., Breedove T. J., Jordan C. L., Breedlove S. M. Finger length patterns indicate an influence of fetal androgens on human sexual orientation. Nature 2000; 404: 455.
15. Manning J. T., Martin S. M., Trivers R. L., Soler M. 2nd to 4th Digit ratio and offspring sex ratio. J Theor Biol 2002; 217: 93-95.
16. Manning J. T., Taylor R. P. 2nd to 4th digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evol Hum Behav 2001; 22: 61-69.
17. Manning J. T., Bundred P. E. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and age at first myocardial infarction in men: a link with testosterone? Br J Cardiol 2001; 8: 720-723.
18. Manning J. T., Leinster S. J. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and age at presentation of breast cancer: a link with prenatal oestrogen?. The Breast 2001; 10: 355-357.
19. Ronalds G., Phillips D. I. W., Godfrey K. M., Manning J. T. The ratio of second to fourth digit lengths: a marker for impaired fetal growth? Early Hum Dev 2002; 68: 21-26.
20. Brown W. M., Finn C., Breedlove S. M. A sex difference in the digit length ratio in mice. Horm Behav 2001; 39: 325.
21. Slavotinek A., Schwartz C., Getty J. F., Stecko O., Goodman F., Kingston H. Two cases with interstitial deletions of chromosome 2 and sex reversal in one. Am J Med Genet 1999; 86: 75-81.
22. Raga-Egilmez S. Z., Jani-Sait S. N., Grossi M., Higgins M. J., Shows T. B., Aplan P. D. NUP98-HOXD13 gene fusion in therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 4269-4273.
23. Wong K. F., So C. C., Kwong Y. L. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98/HOXA9 fusion. Cancer Cytogenet 1999; 115: 70-72.
24. Nakamura T., Largaespada D. A., Lee M. P. Fusion of the nucleoporm gene NUP98 to HOXA9 by the chromosome translocation t(7; 11)(p15;p15) in human myeloid leukemia. Nat Genet 1996; 12: 154-158.
25. Nakamura T., Largaespada D. A., Shaughnessy J. D., Jenkins N. A., Copeland N. G. Cooperative activation of HOXA and Pbx1-related genes in murine myeloid leukemias. Nat Genet 1996; 12: 149-153.
26. Cillo C., Faiella A., Cantile M., Boncinelli E. Homeobox genes and cancer. Exp Cell Res 1999; 248: 961-978.
27. Raman V., Martensen S. A., Reisman D. Compromised HOXA5 function can limit p53 expression in human breast tumours. Nature 2000; 405: 974-978.