Cyclophosphamide metabolism, liver toxicity, and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Blood

Volumn 101, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 2043-2048

  McDonald, George B ^a   Slattery, John T ^b   Bouvier, Michelle E ^b   Ren, Song ^b   Batchelder, Ami L ^b   Kalhorn, Thomas F ^b   Schoch, H Gary ^b   Anasetti, Claudio ^b   Gooley, Ted ^b  

^a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2 CARBOXYETHYLPHOSPHORAMIDE MUSTARD; BILIRUBIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DRUG METABOLITE; MYELOABLATIVE AGENT; TOXIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; BILIRUBIN BLOOD LEVEL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER SURVIVAL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG METABOLISM; FEMALE; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; LIVER TOXICITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DOSE; RISK FACTOR; VEIN OCCLUSION; WHOLE BODY RADIATION;

EID: 0037370735     PISSN: 00064971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1860     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Thomas ED, Blume KG, Forman SJ. Hematopoietic cell transplantation. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1999.
2. McDonald GB, Hinds MS, Fisher LB, et al. Venocclusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation: a cohort study of 355 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:255-267.
3. Carreras E, Bertz H, Arcese W, et al. Incidence and outcome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after blood or marrow transplantation: a prospective cohort study of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Blood. 1998;92:3599-3604.
4. Rubenfeld GD, Crawford SW. Withdrawing life support from mechanically ventilated recipients of bone marrow transplants: a case for evidence-based guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:625-633.
5. DeLeve LD, Wang XD, Huybrechts MM. Cellular target of cyclophosphamide toxicity in the murine liver: role of glutathione and site of metabolic activation. Hepatology. 1996;24:830-837.
6. Shulman HM, Fisher LB, Schoch HG, Henne KW, McDonald GB. Venocclusive disease of the liver after marrow transplantation: histologic correlates of clinical signs and symptoms. Hepatology. 1994;19:1171-1180.
7. Jones RJ, Lee KS, Beschorner WE, et al. Venoocclusive disease of the liver following bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 1987;44:778-783.
8. Deleve LD, Shulman HM, McDonald GB. Toxic injury to hepatic sinusoids: sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (venocclusive disease). Semin Liver Dis. 2002;22:27-41.
9. Ayash LJ, Wright JE, Tretyakov O, et al. Cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics: correlation with cardiac toxicity and tumor response. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:995-1000.
10. Braverman AC, Antin JH, Plappert MT, Cook EF, Lee RT. Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity in bone marrow transplantation: a prospective evaluation of new drug dosing regimens. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1215-1223.
11. Chen TL, Passos-Coelho JL, Noe DA. Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Cancer Res. 1995;55:810-816.
12. Hansen JA, Gooley TA, Martin PJ, et al. Bone marrow transplants from unrelated donors for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:962-968.
13. Anasetti C, Martin PJ, Storb R, et al. Treatment of graft-versus-host disease with a nonmitogenic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Transplantation. 1992;54:844-851.
14. Ren S, Kalhorn TF, McDonald GB, Anasetti C, Appelbaum FR, Slattery JT. Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites in bone marrow transplantation patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1998;64:289-301.
15. Kalhorn TF, Ren S, Howald WN, Lawrence RF, Slattery JT. Analysis of cyclophosphamide and five metabolites from human plasma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999;732:287-298.
16. McDonald GB, Sharma P, Matthews DE, Shulman HM, Thomas ED. The clinical course of 53 patients with veno-occlusive disease of the liver after marrow transplantation. Transplantation. 1985;36:603-608.
17. Strasser SI, McDonald GB. Hepatobiliary complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation. In: Schiff ER, Sorrell MF, Maddrey WC, eds. Schiff's Diseases of the Liver. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003:1636-1663.
18. Colvin M, Padgett CA, Fenselau C. A biologically active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Cancer Res. 1973;33:915-918.
19. Connors TA, Cox PJ, Farmer PB, Foster AB, Jarman M. Some studies of the active intermediates formed in the microsomal metabolism of cyclophosphamide and isophosphamide. Biochem Pharmacol. 1974;23:115-129.
20. Struck RF, Kirk MC, Witt MH, Laster WR Jr. Isolation and mass spectral identification of blood metabolites of cyclophosphamide: evidence for phosphoramide mustard as the biologically active metabolite. Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1975;2:46-52.
21. Ren S, Yang J-S, Kalhorn TF, Slattery JT. Oxidation of cyclophosphamide to 4-hydroxycyclophosphomide and deschloroethylcyclophosphamide in human liver microsomes. Cancer Res. 1997;57:4229-4235.
22. Struck RF, Kirk MC, Mellett LB, el Dareer S, Hill DL. Urinary metabolites of the antitumor agent cyclophosphamide. Mol Pharmacol. 1971;7:519-529.
23. Sladek NE. Bioassay and relative cytotoxic potency of cyclophosphamide metabolites generated in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 1973;33:1150-1158.
24. Hilton J. Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase in cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 leukemia. Cancer Res. 1984;44:5156-5160.
25. Sladek NE, Landkamer GJ. Restoration of sensitivity to oxazaphosphorines by inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cultured oxazaphosphorine-resistant L1210 and cross-linking agent-resistant P388 cell lines. Cancer Res. 1985;45:1549-1555.
26. Kohn FR, Sladek NE. Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors on the ex vivo sensitivity of murine late spleen colony-forming cells (day-12 CFU-S) and hematopoietic repopulating cells to mafosfamide (ASTA Z 7557). Biochem Pharmacol. 1987;36:2805-2811.
27. Konig J, Nies AT, Cui Y, Leier I, Keppler D. Conjugate export pumps of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family: localization, substrate specificity, and MRP-2 mediated drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1461:377-394.
28. DeLeve LD, McCuskey RS, Wang X, et al. Characterization of a reproducible rat model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Hepatology. 1999;29:1779-1791.
29. Wang X, Kanel GC, DeLeve LD. Support of sinusoidal endothelial cell glutathione prevents hepatic veno-occlusive disease in the rat. Hepatology. 2000;31:428-434.
30. Clelland BD, Pokorny CS. Cyclophosphamide related hepatotoxicity. Aust N Z J Med. 1993;23:408.
31. Modzelewski JR, Daeschner C, Joshi VV, Mullick FG, Ishak KG. Veno-occlusive disease of the liver induced by low dose cyclophosphamide. Mod Pathol. 1994;7:967-972.
32. Honjo I, Suou T, Hirayama C. Hepatotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in man: pharmacokinetic analysis. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1988;61:149-165.
33. Fajardo LF, Colby TV. Pathogenesis of venoocclusive liver disease after radiation. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1980;104:584-588.
34. Geraci JP, Mariano MS, Jackson KL. Radiation hepatopathy of the rat: microvascular fibrosis and enhancement of liver dysfunction by diet and drugs. Radiat Res. 1992;129:322-332.
35. Jirtle RL, McLain JR, Strom SC, Michalopoulos G. Repair of radiation damage in noncycling parenchymal hepatocytes. Br J Radiol. 1982;55:847-851.
36. Teicher BA, Crawford JM. Holden SA, et al. Glutathione monoethyl ester can selectively protect liver from high dose BCNU or cyclophosphamide. Cancer. 1988;62:1275-1281.
37. DeLeve LD. Glutathione defense in non-parenchymal cells. Semin Liver Dis. 1998;18:403-413.
38. Shulman HM, Luk K, Deeg HJ, Shuman WB, Storb R. Induction of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in dogs. Am J Pathol. 1987;126:114-125.
39. Slattery JT, Cliff RA, Buckner CD, et al. Marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia - the influence of plasma busulfan levels on the outcome of transplantation. Blood. 1997;89:3055-3060.
40. Yeager AM, Wagner JE Jr, Graham ML, Jones RJ, Santos GW. Optimization of busulfan dosage in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a pharmacokinetic study of dose escalation. Blood. 1992;80:2425-2428.