Changes of GABA receptors and dopamine turnover in the postmortem brains of Parkinsonians with levodopa-induced motor complications

Movement Disorders

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 241-253

  Calon, Frédéric ^a   Morissette, Marc ^a   Rajput, Ali H ^b   Hornykiewicz, Oleh ^b,c   Bédard, Paul J ^a   Di Paolo, Thérèse ^a  

^a LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Catecholamine; Dyskinesias; Globus pallidus; Indolamine; Levodopa; Wearing off

Indexed keywords

3 O METHYLDOPAMINE; 3BETA (4 IODOPHENYL) 2BETA TROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR; 5 HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; AMANTADINE; CARBIDOPA PLUS LEVODOPA; CGP 64213; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER; FLUNITRAZEPAM; HOMOVANILLIC ACID; LEVODOPA; MAZINDOL; SELEGILINE; SEROTONIN; TERT BUTYLBICYCLOPHOSPHOROTHIOATE S 35;

AGED; AUTOPSY; BRAIN REGION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORPUS STRIATUM; DATA ANALYSIS; DENERVATION; DOPAMINE METABOLISM; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DYSKINESIA; FEMALE; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUTAMEN; RECEPTOR UPREGULATION; REVIEW; SAMPLING; TURNOVER TIME;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; BRAIN; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; DOPAMINE; DYSKINESIA, DRUG-INDUCED; FEMALE; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; HUMANS; LEVODOPA; MALE; PARKINSON DISEASE; POSTMORTEM CHANGES; RECEPTORS, GABA; RECEPTORS, GABA-A; RECEPTORS, GABA-B;

EID: 0037354398     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.10343     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O. The effect of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) on akinesia in Parkinsonism. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1961;73:787-788.
2. Cotzias GC, Van Woert MH, Schiffer LM. Aromatic amino acids and modification of parkinsonism. N Engl J Med 1967;276:374-379.
3. Obeso JA, Olanow CW, Nutt JG. Levodopa motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci 2000;23:S2-S7.
4. Rajput AH, Fenton ME, Birdi S, et al. Clinical-pathological study of levodopa complications. Mov Disord 2002;17:289-296.
5. Nutt JG. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: review, observations, and speculations. Neurology 1990;40:340-345.
6. Barbeau A. L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: a critical review of nine years' experience. Can Med Assoc J 1969;101:59-68.
7. Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rodriguez M, DeLong MR, Olanow CW. Pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: problems with the current model. Ann Neurol 2000;47:S22-S32.
8. Blanchet PJ, Allard P, Gregoire L, Tardif F, Bedard PJ. Risk factors for peak dose dyskinesia in 100 levodopa-treated parkinsonian patients. Can J Neurol Sci 1996;23:189-193.
9. Grandas F, Galiano ML, Tabernero C. Risk factors for levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 1999;246:1127-1133.
10. Montastruc JL, Rascol O, Senard JM, Rascol A. A randomised controlled study comparing bromocriptine to which levodopa was later added, with levodopa alone in previously untreated patients with Parkinson's disease: a five year follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994:57:1034-1038.
11. Brotchie JM. The neural mechanisms underlying levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2000;47:S105-S112.
12. Calon F, Grondin R, Morissette M, Goubet M, Blanchet PJ, di Paolo T, Bedard PJ. Molecular basis of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 2000;47(Suppl.):S70-S78.
13. Marsden CD, Sheehy MP. GABA and movement disorders. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1981;30:225-234.
14. Thaker GK, Tamminga CA, Alphs ED, Lafferman J, Ferraro TN, Hare TA. Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid abnormality in tardive dyskinesia. Reduction in cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels and therapeutic response to GABA agonist treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:522-529.
15. Mehta AK, Ticku MK. An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1999;29:196-217.
16. Bowery NG, Enna SJ. gamma-aminobutyric acid(B) receptors: first of the functional metabotropic heterodimers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;292:2-7.
17. Nicholson LFB, Faull RLM. GABAA receptor subunit subtypes in the human putamen and globus pallidus in Huntington's disease. In: Ohye C, Kimura M, McKenzie J, editors. The basal ganglia V. New York: Plenum Press; 1996.
18. Faull RL, Villiger JW. Multiple benzodiazepine receptors in the human basal ganglia: a detailed pharmacological and anatomical study. Neuroscience 1988;24:433-451.
19. Waldvogel HJ, Kubota Y, Fritschy J, Mohler H, Faull RL. Regional and cellular localisation of GABA(A) receptor subunits in the human basal ganglia: an autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study. J Comp Neurol 1999;415:313-340.
20. Billinton A, Ige AO, Wise A, et al. GABA(B) receptor heterodimer-component localisation in human brain. Mol Brain Res, 2000;77:111-124.
21. Berthele A, Platzer S, Weis S, Conrad B, Tolle TR. Expression of GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) mRNA in the human brain. Neuroreport 2001;12:3269-3275.
22. Calon F, Goulet M, Blanchet PJ, Martel JC, Piercy MF, Bedard PJ, di Paolo T. Levodopa or D2 agonist induced dyskinesia in MPTP monkeys: correlation with changes in dopamine and GABAA receptors in the striatopallidal complex. Brain Res 1995;680:43-52.
23. Calon F, Morissette M, Goulet M, Grondin R, Blanchet PJ, Bedard PJ, di Paolo T. Chronic D1 and D2 dopaminomimetic treatment of MPTP-denervated monkeys: effects on basal ganglia GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor complex and GABA content. Neurochem Int 1999;35:81-91.
24. Calon F, Morissette M, Goulet M, Grondin R, Blanchet PJ, Bedard PJ, di Paolo T. 125I-CGP 64213 binding to GABA(B) receptors in the brain of monkeys: effect of MPTP and dopaminomimetic treatments. Exp Neurol 2000;163:191-199.
25. Rajput A. Fenton M, Sitte H, Pifl C, Hornykiewicz O. Brain dopamine (DA) metabolism in dyskinesia and wearing-off in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) [abstract]. Neurology 1998;50:A393.
26. Rajput AH, Stern W, Laverty WH. Chronic low-dose levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: an argument for delaying levodopa therapy. Neurology 1984;34:991-996.
27. Uitti RJ, Rajput AH, Ahlskog JE, et al. Amantadine treatment is an independent predictor of improved survival in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1996;46:1551-1556.
28. Markham CH, Diamond SG. Evidence to support early levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1981;31:125-131.
29. Kingsbury AE, Foster OJ, Nisbet AP, et al. Tissue pH as an indicator of mRNA preservation in human post-mortem brain. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995;28:311-318.
30. Di Paolo T, Bedard P, Daigle M, Boucher R. Long-term effects of MPTP on central and peripheral catecholamine and indoleamine concentrations in monkeys. Brain Res 1986;379:286-293.
31. Callier S, Morissette M, Grandbois M, Di Paolo T. Stereospecific prevention by l7beta-estradiol of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion in mice. Synapse 2000;37:245-251.
32. Staley JK, Boja JW, Carroll FI, et al. Mapping dopamine transporters in the human brain with novel selective cocaine analog [125I]RTI-121. Synapse 1995;21:364-372.
33. Edgar PP, Schwartz RD. Localization and characterization of 35S-t- butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding in rat brain: an autoradiographic study. J Neurosci 1990;10:603-612.
34. Vincens M, Dartois E, Popelier M, Marquette C, Moyse E, Fillion G, Haour F. Autoradiographic study of neurosteroid binding sites labelled with [35S]-TBPS in brain of different species. Brain Res Bull 1993;32:251-256.
35. Kostic V, Przedborski S, Flaster E, Sternic N. Early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesias and response fluctuations in young-onset Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1991;41:202-205.
36. Markham CH, Diamond SG. Long-term follow-up of early dopa treatment in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1986;19:365-372.
37. Ehringer H, Hornykiewicz O. Distribution of noradrenaline and dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) in human brain: their behaviour in extrapyramidal system diseases. Klin Wochenschr 1960;38:1236-1239.
38. Wilson JM, Levey AI, Rajput A, et al. Differential changes in neurochemical markers of striatal dopamine nerve terminals in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1996;47:718-726.
39. Kish SJ, Rajput A, Gilbert J, Rozdilsky B, Chang LU, Shannak K, Hornykiewicz O. Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid level in striatal but not extrastriatal brain regions in Parkinson's disease: correlation with striatal dopamine loss. Ann Neurol 1986;20:26-31.
40. Hornykiewicz O, Kish SJ. Biochemical pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1987;45:19-34.
41. Lloyd KG, Davidson L, Hornykiewicz O. The neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: effect of L-dopa therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975;195:453-464.
42. Rinne UK, Sonninen V, Hyyppa M. Effect of L-dopa on brain monoamines and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 1971;10:549-557.
43. Scatton B, Javoy-Agid F, Rouquier L, Dubois B, Agid Y. Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 1983;275:321-328.
44. Kaufman MJ, Madras BK. Severe depletion of cocaine recognition sites associated with the dopamine transporter in Parkinson's-diseased striatum. Synapse 1991;9:43-49.
45. Niznik HB, Fogel EF, Fassos FF, Seeman P. The dopamine transporter is absent in parkinsonian putamen and reduced in the caudate nucleus. J Neurochem 1991;56:192-198.
46. Parent A, Hazrati LN. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. I. The cortico-basal ganglia- thalamo-cortical loop. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1995;20:91-127.
47. Yoshida S, Nambu A, Jinnai K. The distribution of the globus pallidus neurons with input from various cortical areas in the monkeys. Brain Res 1993;611:170-174.
48. Mizukawa K, McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Autoradiographic study on dopamine uptake sites and their correlation with dopamine levels and their striata from patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease, and neurologically normal controls. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1993;18:133-144.
49. Garnett ES, Nahmias C, Firnau G. Central dopaminergic pathways in hemiparkinsonism examined by positron emission tomography. Can J Neurol Sci 1984;11:174-179.
50. Snow BJ, Vingerhoets FJ, Langston JW, Tetrud JW, Sossi V, Calne DB. Pattern of dopaminergic loss in the striatum of humans with MPTP induced parkinsonism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:313-316.
51. Kish SJ, Shannak K, Hornykiewicz O. Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Pathophysiologic and clinical implications. N Engl J Med 1988:318:876-880.
52. Calon F, Lavertu N, Lemieux AM, et al. Effect of MPTP-induced denervation on basal ganglia GABAB receptors : correlation with dopamine concentrations and dopamine transporter. Synapse 2001;40:225-234.
53. de la Fuente-Fernandez R, Lu JQ, Sossi V, et al. Biochemical variations in the synaptic level of dopamine precede motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: PET evidence of increased dopamine turnover. Ann Neurol 2001;49:298-303.
54. Fabbrini G, Mouradian MM, Juncos JL, Schlegel J, Mohr E, Chase TN. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms. I. Ann Neurol 1988;24:366-371.
55. Marsden CD, Parkes JD. Success and problems of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1977:1:345-349.
56. Bravi D, Mouradian MM, Roberts JW, Davis TL. Sohn YH, Chase TN. Wearing-off fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: contribution of postsynaptic mechanisms. Ann Neurol 1994;36:27-31.
57. Baronti F, Mooradian MM, Davis TL, Giuffra M, Brughitta G, Conant KE, Chase TN. Continuous lisuride effects on central dopaminergic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1992:32:776-781.
58. Slany A, Zezula J, Tretter V, Sieghart W. Rat beta 3 subunits expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells form high affinity [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding sites modulated by several allosteric ligands of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Mol Pharmacol 1995;48:385-391.
59. Zezula J. Slany A, Sieghart W. Interaction of allosteric ligands with GABAA receptors containing one, two, or three different subunits. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;301:207-214.
60. Wong G, Sei Y, Skolnick P. Stable expression of type I gamma-aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine receptors in a transfected cell line. Mol Pharmacol 1992;42:996-1003.
61. Sigel E, Buhr A. The benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1997;18:425-429.
62. Fujiyama F, Fritschy JM, Stephenson FA, Bolam JP. Synaptic localization of GABA(A) receptor subunits in the striatum of the rat. J Comp Neurol 2000;416:158-172.
63. Caruncho HJ, Liste I, Pesold C, Impagnatiello F, Guidotti A, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Semiquantitative immunocytochemical analysis of GABAA receptor subunit expression in the rat neostriatum. Receptors Channels 1996;4:85-92.
64. Rajput AH, Fenton M, Birdi S, Macaulay R. Is levodopa toxic to human substantia nigra? Mov Disord 1997;12:634-638.
65. Quinn N, Parkes D, Janota I, Marsden CD. Preservation of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in a patient receiving levodopa (2 kg) plus decarboxylase inhibitor over a four-year period. Mov Disord 1986;1:65-68.
66. Langston JW, Quik M, Petzinger G. Jakowec M, Di Monte DA. Investigating levodopa-induced dyskinesias in the parkinsonian primate. Ann Neurol 2000;47:S79-S89.
67. Schneider JS. Levodopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian monkeys: relationship to extent of nigrostriatal damage. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1989;34:193-196.
68. Bedard PJ, Gomez-Mancilla B, Blanchette P, Gagnon C, Falardeau P, Di Paolo T. Role of selective D1 and D2 agonists in inducing dyskinesia in drug- naïve MPTP monkeys. Adv Neurol 1993;60:113-118.
69. Boraud T, Bezard E, Bioulac B, Gross CE. Dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesias are correlated to both firing pattern and frequency alterations of pallidal neurones in the MPTP- treated monkey. Brain 2001;124:546-557.
70. Di Monte DA, McCormack A, Petzinger G, Janson AM, Quik M, Langston WJ. Relationship among nigrostriatal denervation, parkinsonism, and dyskinesias in the MPTP primate model. Mov Disord 2000;15:459-466.
71. Blanchet PJ, Boucher R, Bedard PJ. Excitotoxic lateral pallidotomy does not relieve L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in MPTP parkinsonian monkeys. Brain Res 1994;650:32-39.
72. Yelnik J, Damier P, Bejjani BP, et al. Functional mapping of the human globus pallidus: contrasting effect of stimulation in the internal and external pallidum in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2000;101:77-87.
73. Parent A. Extrinsic connections of the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:254-258.
74. Bejjani B, Damier P, Arnulf I, et al. Pallidal stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Two targets? Neurology 1997;49:1564-1569.
75. Krack P, Pollak P, Limousin P, et al. Opposite motor effects of pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1998;43:180-192.
76. Baron MS, Wichmann T, Ma D, DeLong MR. Effects of transient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates. J Neurosci 2002;22:592-599.
77. Hershey T, Black KJ, Stambuk MK, Carl JL, McGee-Minnich LA, Perlmutter JS. Altered thalamic response to levodopa in Parkinson's patients with dopa- induced dyskinesias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:12016-12021.
78. Shink E, Smith Y. Differential synaptic innervation of neurons in the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus by the GABA- and glutamate- containing terminals in the squirrel monkey. J Comp Neurol 1995;358:119-141.
79. Parent M, Levesque M, Parent A. Two type of projection neurons in the internal pallidum of primates: single-axon tracing and three-dimensional reconstruction. J Comp Neurol 2001;439:162-175.
80. Papa SM, Desimone R, Fiorani M, Oldfield EH. Internal globus pallidus discharge is nearly suppressed during levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 1999;46:732-738.
81. Albin RL, Young AB, Penney JB. The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders. Trends Neurosci 1989;12:366-375.
82. Crossman AR. A hypothesis on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie levodopa- or dopamine agonist-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: implications for future strategies in treatment. Mov Disord 1990;5:100-108.
83. Baron MS, Vitek JL, Bakay RA, et al. Treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease by posterior GPi pallidotomy: 1-year results of a pilot study. Ann Neurol 1996;40:355-366.
84. Lang AE. Surgery for levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Ann Neurol 2000;47:S193-S199.
85. Matsumura M, Tremblay L, Richard H, Filion M. Activity of pallidal neurons in the monkey during dyskinesia induced by injection of bicuculline in the external pallidum. Neuroscience 1995:65:59-70.