Long-term, livestock-mediated redistribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in an East African savanna

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 137-149

  Augustine, David J ^a  

^a SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Ammonia volatilization; Cattle bomas; Kenya; Nutrient hotspots; Pastoral settlements; Rangeland nutrient dynamics; Ungulates; Wildlife habitat

Indexed keywords

LIVESTOCK; NITROGEN; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PHOSPHORUS; RANGELAND; SAVANNA; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION;

KENYA;

BOS TAURUS; CYNODON DACTYLON; CYNODON PLECTOSTACHYUS; UNGULATA;

EID: 0037329797     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00778.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Ahn, P.M. & Geiger, L.C. (1987) Kenya Soil Survey - Soils of Laikipia District. Ministry of Agriculture, National Agricultural Laboratories, Kabete, Kenya.
2. Behnke, R., Scoones, I. & Kerven, C. (1993) Range Ecology at Disequilibrium. Overseas Development Institute, London, UK.
3. Ben-Shahar, R. & Coe, M. (1992) The relationships between soil factors, grass nutrients and the foraging behaviour of wildebeest and zebra. Oecologia, 90, 422-428.
4. Binkley, D. (1984) Ion exchange resin bags: factors affecting estimates of nitrogen availability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48, 1181-1184.
5. Blackmore, A.C., Mentis, M.T. & Scholes, R.J. (1990) The origin and extent of nutrient-enriched patches within a nutrient-poor savanna in South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 17, 463-470.
6. Blundell, M. (1987) Wild flowers of East Africa. William Collins Sons & Co., London, UK.
7. Eghball, B., Power, J.F., Gilley, J.E. & Doran, J.W. (1997) Nutrient, carbon and mass loss during composting of beef cattle feedlot manure. Journal of Environmental Quality, 26, 189-193.
8. Fynn, R. & O'Connor, T. (2000) Effect of stocking rate and rainfall on rangeland dynamics and cattle performance in a semi-arid savanna, South Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology, 37, 491-507.
9. Homewood, K.M. & Rodgers, W.A. (1991) Maasailand Ecology: Pastoralist Development and Wildlife Conservation in Ngorongoro, Tanzania. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
10. Huntington, T., Johnson, C., Johnson, A., Siccama, T. & Ryan, D. (1989) Carbon, organic matter, and bulk density relationships in a forested spodosol. Soil Science, 148, 380-386.
11. Illius, A. & O'Connor, T. (1999) On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to arid and semiarid grazing systems. Ecological Applications, 9, 798-813.
12. Johnson, C. (1995) Soil nitrogen status 8 years after whole-tree clear-cutting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 25, 1346-1355.
13. Keya, N. (1973) The effect of NP fertilizers on the productivity of Hypharrenia grassland. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 39, 195-200.
14. Kingdon, J. (1997) The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London, UK.
15. Konate, S., Le Roux, X., Tessier, D. & Lepage, M. (1999) Influence of large termitaria on soil characteristics, soil water regime, and tree leaf shedding pattern in a West African savanna. Plant and Soil, 206, 47-60.
16. Lee, K.E. & Wood, T.G. (1971) Termites and Soils. Academic Press, London, UK.
17. Likens, G.E. & Bormann, F.H. (1995) Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
18. McDowell, L.R. (1985) Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates. Academic Press, New York, NY.
19. McNaughton, S.J. (1988) Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates. Nature, 334, 343-345.
20. O'Connor, T.G. (1985) A Synthesis of Field Experiments Concerning the Grass Layer in the Savanna Regions of Southern Africa. South African National Science Programme, Pretoria, South Africa.
21. Polhill, R.M. (1972) Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae. Part 1. Whitefriars Press, London, UK.
22. Polhill, R.M. (1974) Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae. Part 2. Whitefriars Press, London, UK.
23. Polhill, R.M. (1982) Flora of Tropical East Africa, Gramineae. Part 3. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
24. Reid, R.S. & Ellis, J.E. (1995) Impacts of pastoralists on woodlands in south Turkana, Kenya: livestock-mediated tree recruitment. Ecological Applications, 5, 978-992.
25. Rice, J. & MacCarthy, P. (1991) Statistical evaluation of the elemental composition of humic substances. Organic Geochemistry, 17, 635-648.
26. Robbins, C.T. (1993) Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, New York, NY.
27. Schlesinger, W.H. (1997) Biogeochemistry. Academic Press, New York, NY.
28. Scholefield, D., Lockyer, D.R., Whitehead, D.C. & Tyson, K.C. (1991) A model to predict transformations and losses of nitrogen in UK pastures grazed by beef cattle. Plant and Soil, 132, 165-177.
29. Seagle, S.W. & McNaughton, S.J. (1992) Spatial variation in forage nutrient concentrations and the distribution of Serengeti grazing ungulates. Landscape Ecology, 7, 229-241.
30. Senft, R.L., Coughenour, M.B., Bailey, D.W. & Rittenhouse, L.R. (1987) Large herbivore foraging and ecological hierarchies. Bioscience, 37, 789-799.
31. Sommer, S.G., Sibbesen, E., Nielsen, T, Schjorring, J.K. & Olesen, J.E. (1996) A passive flux sampler for measuring ammonia volatilization from manure storage facilities. Journal of Environmental Quality, 25, 241-247.
32. Stelfox, J.B. (1986) Effects of livestock enclosures (bomas) on the vegetation of the Athi Plains, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 24, 41-45.
33. Turner, M.D. (1998a) Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa. I. Gradients in the chemical composition of rangeland soils and vegetation. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 669-682.
34. Turner, M.D. (1998b) Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa. II. Effects of a phosphorus gradient on spatial patterns of annual grassland production. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 683-694.
35. Weber, G., Jeltsch, F., van Rooyen, N. & Milton, S. (1998) Simulated long-term vegetation response to grazing heterogeneity in semi-arid rangelands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35, 687-699.
36. Western, D. & Dunne, T. (1979) Environmental aspects of settlement site decisions among pastoral Maasai. Human Ecology, 7, 131-145.
37. Young, T.P., Partridge, N. & Macrae, A. (1995) Long-term glades in acacia bushland and their edge effects in Laikipia, Kenya. Ecological Applications, 5, 97-108.