Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa: I. Gradients in the chemical composition of rangeland soils and vegetation

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 669-682

  Turner, Matthew D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Arid rangelands; Landscape ecology; Nitrogen; Nutrient transfer; Patchiness; Phosphorus; Piosphere; Soil acidity

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GRAZING; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; SOIL; VEGETATION;

MALI;

BOS TAURUS; POACEAE;

EID: 0031743236     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2540669.x     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Andrew, M.H. & Lange, R.T. (1986) Development of a new piosphere in arid chenopod shrubland grazed by sheep. 1. Changes to the soil surface. Aust. J. Ecol. 11, 395-409.
2. Arnold, G.W. (1981) Chapter 5: Grazing behavior. Grazing animals (ed. by F. H. W. Morley) Elsevier Scientific Publishing, New York.
3. Ba, A.H. & Daget, J. (1984) L'Empire Peul du Macina (1818-1853). Les Nouvelles Edns Africaines, Abidjan.
4. Barker, J.R., Thurow, T.L. & Herlocker, D.J. (1990) Vegetation of pastoralist campsites within the coastal grassland of central Somalia. Afr. J. Ecol. 28, 291-297.
5. Belsky, A.J. (1994) Influences of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrients and tree-grass competition. Ecology, 75, 922-932.
6. Bernhard-Reversat, F. (1982) Biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in semi-arid savanna. Oikos, 38, 321-332.
7. Bertrand, R. (1974) Les systèmes de paysages des plaines inondables du Delta Vif du Moyen Niger (Mali). Agron. Trop. 29, 155-211.
8. Boudet, G. (1972) Projet de developpement de l'élevage dans la région de Mopti, Étude Agrostologique no. 37. Institut d'Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons-Alfort.
9. Boudet, G. (1979) Quelques observations sur les fluctuations du couvert végétal sahélien au gourma malien et leurs consequences pour une stratégie de gestion sylvo-pastorale. Bois Forets Trop. 184, 31-44.
10. Boutton, T.W., Tieszen, L.L. & Imbamba, S.,. (1988) k. Seasonal changes in the nutrient content of East African grassland vegetation. Afr. J. Ecol. 26, 103-115.
11. Breman, H., Cissé. I.B. & Djitèye, M.A. (1982) Exploitation, degradation, et desertification. La productivité des pâturages sahéliens (ed. by F. W. T. P. d. Vries and M. A. Djitèye), pp. 352-386. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
12. Brouwer, J., Fussel, L.K. & Hermann, L. (1993) Soil and crop growth variability in the West-African semi-arid tropics: a possible risk-reducing factor for subsistence farmers. Agric. Ecosys. Env. 45, 229-238.
13. Brouwer, J., Geiger, S.C. & Vandenbeldt, R.J. (1991) Variability in the growth of Faidherbia albida: a termite connection? Faidherbia albida in the West African semi-arid tropics: Proceedings of a workshop (ed. by R. J. Vandenbeldt), pp. 131-135. ICRISAT and ICRAF, Patancheru, India and Nairobi, Kenya.
14. Coppack, D.L., Ellis, J.E., Detling, J.K. & Dyer, M.I. (1983) Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass prairie. II. Responses of bison to modification of vegetation by prairie dogs. Oecologia, 56, 10-15.
15. Dabin, B. (1951) Contribution a l'étude des sols du Delta Central Nigérien. Agron. Trop. 6, 606-637.
16. Day, P.R. (1965) Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. Methods of soil analysis (ed. by C. A. Black), pp. 545-567. American Society of Agronomy, Madison.
17. Diop, A.T. (1992) La gestion des parcours de i'aire d'influence du forage de Tatki: relations entre données de végétation, taux d'exploitation et transhumance. Revue Êlev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 45, 81-90.
18. Esselink, P. & Van Gils, H. (1994) Nitrogen and phosphorus limited production of cereals and semi-natural annual-type pastures in SW-Spain. Acta Oecol. 15, 337-354.
19. Ettershank, G., Ettershank, J., Bryant, M. & Whitford, W.G. (1978) Effects of nitrogen fertilization on primary production in a Chihuahuan desert ecosystem. J. Arid Env. 1, 135-139.
20. Evans, R.D. & Ehleringer, J.R. (1994) Water and nitrogen dynamics in an arid woodland. Oecologia, 99, 233-242.
21. Forman, R.T. & Godron, M. (1986) Landscape ecology. Wiley, New York.
22. Gallais, J. (1967) Le Delta intérieur du Niger. IFAN, Dakar, Senegal.
23. Georgiadis, N.J. (1989) Microhabitat variation in an African savanna: effects of woody cover and herbivores in Kenya. J. Trop. Ecol. 5, 93-108.
24. Georgiadis, N.J. & McNaughton, S. (1990) Elemental and fibre contents of savanna grasses: variation with grazing, soil type, season and species. J. Appl. Ecol. 27, 623-634.
25. Gerakis, P.A. & Tsangarakis, C.Z. (1970) The influence of Acacia Senegal on the fertility of a sand sheet ('Goz') soil in the Central Sudan. Plant Soil, 33, 81-86.
26. Haywood, M. (1980) Changes in land use and vegetation in the ILCA/ Mali sudano-sahelian project zone, ILCA Working Document 3. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
27. Henkin, Z., Noy-Meir, I., Kafkafi, U., Seligman, N. & Gutman. M. (1994) Soil phosphorus in a managed Mediteranean woodland ecosystem: herbage response and cattle grazing effects. Agric .Ecosys. Env. 47, 299-311.
28. Hiernaux, P. (1995) Spatial heteroeneity in sahelian rangelands and resilience to drought and grazing. Fifth International Rangeland Congress, Salt Lake City, Utah.
29. Hilder, E.J. (1964) The distribution of plant nutrients by sheep at pasture. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod. 5, 241-248.
30. Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1954-72) Flora of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents for Overseas Government and Administration, London.
31. International Livestock Centre for Africa (1981) Systems research in the arid zones of Mali, ILCA Systems Study 5. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa.
32. Jackson, L.E., Strauss, R.B., Firestone, M.K. & Bartolome, J.W. (1990) Influence of tree canopies on grassland productivity and nitrogen dynamics in deciduous oak savanna. Agric. Ecosys. Env. 32, 89-105.
33. Jones, M.J. (1973) The organic matter content of the savanna soils of West Africa. J. Soil Sci. 24, 42-53.
34. van Keulen, H. & Breman, H. (1990) Agricultural development in the West African Sahelian region: a cure against land hunger? Agric. Ecosys. Env. 32, 177-197.
35. Lange, R.T. (1983) Estimation of sheep stocking intensity at any location in arid zone paddocks. Trans. Royal Soc. South Aust. 107, 137.
36. Lange, R.T. & Willocks, M.C. (1978) Relation between sheep-time spent and egesta accumulated within an arid zone paddock. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 18, 764-767.
37. Marschner, H. (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, New York.
38. McNaughton, S.J. (1988) Mineral nutrition and spatial concentrations of African ungulates. Nature, 334, 343-345.
39. McNaughton, S.J., Wallace, L.L. & Coughenour, M.B. (1983) Plant adaptation in an ecosystem context: effects of defoliation, nitrogen, and water on growth of an African C4 sedge. Ecology. 64, 307-318.
40. Menaut, J.C., Barbault, R., Lavelle, P. & Lepage, M. (1984) African savannas: biological systems of humification and mineralization. Ecology and management of the world's savannas (ed. by J. C. Tothill and J. J. Mott), pp. 14-33. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, Australia.
41. Niamir. M. (1987) Grazing intensity and ecological change in eastern Senegal: Implications for the monitoring of Sahelian rangelands, Doctoral dissertation. The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
42. Penning de Vries, F.W.T. & Djitèye, M.A. (1982) La productivité des pâturages sahéliens. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
43. Penning de Vries, F.W.T., Krul, J.M. & van Keulen, H. (1980) Productivity of sahelian rangelands in relation to the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Nitrogen cycling in West African ecosystems (ed. by T. Rosswall), pp. 95-113. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm.
44. Perkins, J.S. & Thomas, D.S.G. (1993) Environmental responses and sensitivity to permanent cattle ranching, semi-arid western central Botswana. Landscape sensitivity (ed. by D. S. G. Thomas and R. J. Allison), pp. 273-286. John Wiley, New York.
45. Pieri, C. (1989) Fertilité des terres de savanes. Ministère de la Coopération et du Développement and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Paris.
46. Powell, M. & Ikpe, F. (1992) Fertiliser factories. Ileia Newsletter, 8, 13-14.
47. Powell, J.M. & Mohamed-Saleem, M.A. (1987) Nitrogen and phosphorus transfers in a crop-livestock system in West Africa. Agric. Sys. 25, 261-277.
48. Quilfen, J.P. & Milleville, P. (1981) Résidus de culture et fumure animale: un aspect des relations agriculture-élevage dans le nord de la Haute-Volta. Agron. Trop. 38, 206-212.
49. Resource Inventory and Management Limited (1987) Refuge in the Sahel. Resource Inventory and Management Limited, St. Helier, Great Britain.
50. Richards, J.H. & Caldwell, M.M. (1987) Hydraulic lift: substantial nocturnal water transport between soil layers by Artemisia tridentata roots. Oecologia, 73, 486-489.
51. Robertson, G.P. & Rosswall, T. (1986) Nitrogen in West Africa: The regional cycle. Ecol. Monogr. 56, 43-72.
52. Ruess, R.W. & McNaughton, S.J. (1987) Grazing and the dynamics of nutrient and energy regulated microbial processes in the Serengeti grasslands. Oikos, 49, 101-110.
53. Russelle, M.P. (1992) Nitrogen cycling in pasture and range. J. Prod. Agric. 5, 13-23.
54. Rzóska, J. (1985) The water quality and hydrobiology of the Niger. The Niger and its neighbors (ed. by A. T. Grove), pp. 77-99. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
55. Schimel, D.S., Parton, W.J., Adamsen, F.J., Woodmansee, R.G., Senft, R.L. & Stillwell, M.A. (1986) The role of cattle in the volatile loss of nitrogen from a shortgrass steppe. Biogeochemistry, 2, 39-52.
56. Schlecht, E., Mahler, F., Sangare, M., Susenbeth, A. & Becker, K. (1995) Quantitative and qualitative estimations of nutrient intake and faecal excretion of Zebu cattle grazing natural pasture in semi-arid Mali. Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of an International Conference, 22-26 November 1993 (ed. by J. M. Powell, S. Fernandez-Rivera, T. O. Williams and C. Renard), pp. 85-98. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
57. Schlesinger, W.H., Reynolds, J.F., Cunningham, G.L., Huenneke, L.F., Jarrell, W.M., Virginia, R.A. & Whitford, W.G. (1990) Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science, 247, 1043-1048.
58. Sivakumar, M.V.K., Konate, M. & Virmani, S.M. (1984) Agroclimatology of West Africa: Mali. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Pantancheru, A.P.,India.
59. Smith, A.B. (1992) Pastoralism in Africa: origins and development ecology. Ohio University Press, Athens.
60. Swift, M.J., Frost, P.G.H., Campbell, B.M., Hatton, J.C. & Wilson, K.B. (1989) Nitrogen cycling in farming systems derived from savanna: perspectives and challenges. Ecology of arid lands (ed. by M. Clarholm and L. Bergström), pp. 63-76. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
61. Tolsma, D.J., Ernst, W.H.O. & Verwey, R.A. (1987) Nutrients in soil and vegetation around two artificial watcrpoints in eastern Botswana. J. Appl. Ecol. 24, 991-1000.
62. Turner, M.D. (1998) Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa: 2. Effects of a phosphorus gradient on spatial patterns of annual grassland production. J. Biogeogr. 25, 683-694.
63. Turner, M. & Brooks, P. (1992) Evaluation of the use of H2SO4-H2O2 digestions for the elemental analysis of plant tissue by ICP spectrometry. Comm. Plant Soil Anal. 23, 559-568.
64. Vale, T.R. (1982) Plants and people: vegetation change in North America. Association of American Geographers, Washington. D.C.
65. Valentin, C. (1985) Effects of grazing and trampling on soil deterioration around recently drilled water holes in the Sahelian zone. Soil erosion and water erosion (ed. by S. A. El-Swaify, W. C. Moldenhauer and A. Lo). pp. 51-65. Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, Iowa.
66. Valentine, K.A. (1947) Distance from water as a factor in grazing capacity of rangeland. J. Forestry, 45, 749-754.
67. Valenza, J. (1981) Surveillance continue des pâturages naturels sahéliens. Rev. Élev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 34, 83-100.
68. Weir, J.S. (1971) The effect of creating additional water supplies in a Central African National Park. The scientific management of animal and plant communities for conservation (ed. by E. Duffey and A. S. Watt), pp. 367-385. Blackwell, Oxford.
69. Weltzin, J.F. & Coughenour, M.B. (1990) Savanna tree influence on understory vegetation and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya. J Veg. Sci. 1, 325-334.
70. West, C.P., Mallarino, A.P., Wedin, W.F. & Marx, D.B. (1989) Spatial variability of soil properties in grazed pastures. Soil Sci. Am. J. 53, 784-789.
71. Wilding, L.P. & Hossner, L.R. (1989) Causes and effects of acidity in Sahelian soils. Soil, crop and water management systems for rainfed agriculture in the Sudano-Saheliun zone: Proceedings of an international workshop, pp. 215-227. ICRISAT, Patancheru, India.
72. Wilkinson, L. (1989) SYSTAT: The system for statistics. SYSTAT, Inc., Evanston, Illinois.
73. Woodmansee, R.G. & Duncan, D.A. (1980) Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics and budgets in annual grasslands. Ecology, 61, 893-904.