Long-term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa: 2. Effects of a phosphorus gradient on spatial patterns of annual grassland production

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 683-694

  Turner, Matthew D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Arid rangelands; Nonequilibrium ecology; Piosphere; Rainfall variability; Species composition; Vegetative productivity

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GRASSLAND; GRAZING; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

MALI;

ANIMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0031775335     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2540683.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Barry, J.P., Boudet, G., Bourgeot, A., Celles, J.C., Coulibaly, A.M., Lebrun, J.C. & Maniere, R. (1983) Étude des potentialités pastorales et de leur évolution en milieu sahélien du Mali. GERDAT/ORSTOM, Paris.
2. Behnke, R.H., Scoones, I. & Kerven, C. (eds) (1993) Range ecology at Disequilibrium. Overseas Development Institute, London.
3. Belsky, A.J. (1987) The effects of grazing: confounding the ecosystem, community and organism scales. Am. Nat. 129, 777-783.
4. Belsky, A.J. (1994) Influence of trees on savanna productivity: tests of shade, nutrients and tree-grass competition. Ecology. 75, 922-932.
5. Bernhard-Reversat, F. (1982) Biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in semi-arid savanna. Oikos, 38, 321-332.
6. Breman, H. & Cissé, A.M. (1977) Dynamics of sahelian pastures in relation to drought and grazing. Oecologia, 28, 301-315.
7. Breman, H., Cissé, I.B. & Djitèye, M.A. (1982) Exploitation, degradation, et desertification. La productivité des pâturages sahéliens (ed. by F. W. T. P. d. Vries and M. A. Djitèye), pp. 352-386. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
8. Breman, H., Cissé, A.M., Djitèye, M.A. & Elberse, W.T.H. (1980) Pasture dynamics and forage availability in the Sahel. Israel J. Bot. 28, 227-251.
9. Brown, B.J. & Allen, T.F.H. (1989) The importance of scale in evaluating herbivory impacts. Oikos, 54, 189-194.
10. Chen, Y., Tarchitzky, J., Brouwer, J., Morin, J. & Banin, A. (1980) Scanning electron microscope observations on soil crusts and their formation. Soil Sci. 130, 45-55.
11. Cissé, A.M. (1986) Dynamique de la strate herbacée des pâturages de la zone sud-sahélienne Projet Primaire du Sahel, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
12. Cissé, M.I. & Breman, H. (1980) Influence de l'exploitation sur un pâturage à Andropogon gayanus Kunth var. Tridentatus. Rev. Élev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 33, 407-416.
13. Depierre, D. & Gillet, H. (1971) Desertification de la zone sahelienne au Tchad. Bois et Forets Trop. 139, 3-25.
14. Diarra, L. & Hiernaux, P. (1987) Evolution de la végétation sahélienne après la sécheresse. Bilan du suivi des sites du Gourma en 1986. Document de Programme AZ 172. CIPEA, Bamako, Mali.
15. Diop, A.T. (1992) La gestion des parcours de l'aire d'influence du forage de Tatki: relations entre données de végétation, taux d'exploitation et transhumance. Rev. Élev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop. 45, 81-90.
16. Djitèye, M.A. & Breman, H. (1979) Comparaison de la végétation d'une zone exploitée et une zone non-éxploitée. Projet Primaire du Sahel, Niono, Mali.
17. Dodd, J.L. (1994) Desertification and degradation in Sub-Saharan Africa. The role of livestock. Bioscience, 44, 28-34.
18. Earle, D.F. & McGowan, A.A. (1979) Evaluation and calibration of an automated rising plate meter for estimating dry matter yield of pasture. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Hush. 19, 337-343.
19. Georgiadis, N.J. (1989) Microhabitat variation in an African savanna: effects of woody cover and herbivores in Kenya. J. Trop. Ecol. 5, 93-108.
20. Goita, K. & Royer, A. (1992) Land surface climatology and land cover change monitoring since 1973 over a North-Sahelian zone (Ansongo-Mali) using Landsat data. Geocarto Int. 2, 15-28.
21. Gorse, J.E. & Steeds, D.R. (1987) Desertification in the Sahelian and Sudanian Zones of West Africa, World Bank Technical Paper Number 61. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
22. Grouzis, M. (1988) Structure, productivité, et dynamique des systèmes écologiques Sahéliens (Mare d'Oursi, Burkina Faso). Editions de l'ORSTOM, Paris.
23. Henkin, Z., Noy-Meir, I., Kafkafi, U., Seligman, N. & Gutman, M. (1994) Soil phosphorus in a managed Mediterranean woodland ecosystem: herbage response and cattle grazing effects. Agric, Ecosys. Env. 47, 299-311.
24. Hiernaux, P. (1984) Distribution des pluies et production herbacée au Sahel: une méthode empirique pour caracteriser la distribution des précipitations journalières et ses effets sur la production herbacée. Premiers résultats acquis dans le Sahel Malien. Document de Programme no. AZ-98. Centre International pour l'Élevage en Afrique, Bamako, Mali.
25. Hiernaux. P. (1993) The crisis of Sahelian pastoralism: ecological or economic? International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa.
26. Hiernaux, P., Diarra, L. & Maiga. A. (1988) Evolution de la végétation sahélienne après la sécheresse bilan du suivi des sites du Gourma en 1987. CIPEA, Bamako, Mali.
27. Hiernaux, P. & Turner, M.D. (1996) The effect of the timing and frequency of clipping on nutrient uptake and production of sahelian annual rangelands. J. Appl. Ecol. 33, 387-399.
28. Homewood, K. & Rogers, W.A. (1987) Pastoralism, conservation and the overgrazing controversy. Conservation in Africa (ed. by D. Anderson and R. Grove), pp. 111-128. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
29. Hoogmoed, W.B. & Stroosnijder, L. (1984) Crust formation on sandy soils in the Sahel. 1. Rainfall infiltration. Soil Till. Res. 4, 5-23.
30. Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1954-72) Flora of West Tropical Africa. Crown Agents for Overseas Government and Administration, London.
31. Lamprey, H.F. (1983) Pastoralism yesterday and today: the overgrazing problem. Tropical savannas: ecosystems of the World (ed. by F. Bourliere), pp 643-666. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
32. Le Houérou, H.N. (1989) The grazing land ecosystems of the African Sahel. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
33. Le Houérou, H.N. & Hoste, C.H. (1977) Rangeland production and annual rainfall relations in the Mediterranean Basin and in the African Sahelo-Sudanian Zone. J. Range Mgmnt, 30, 181-189.
34. Marschner, H. (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, New York.
35. Natelhoffer, K.J. & Fry, B. (1988) Controls on natural nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 abundances in forest soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 52, 1633-1640.
36. Niamir, M. (1987) Grazing intensity and ecological change in Eastern Senegal: implications for the monitoring of Sahelian Rangelands. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
37. Penning de Vries, F.W.T. & Djitèye, M.A. (1982) La productivité des pâturages sahéliens. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
38. Peyre de Fabrègues, B. (1971) Pâturages naturels sahéliens du sud Tamesna. Étude Agrostologique 28. Institut d'Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
39. de Queiroz, J.S. (1993) Range degradation in Botswana: Myth or reality?, Pastoral Development Network Paper 35b. Overseas Development Administration, London.
40. Rambal, S. & Cornet, A, (1982) Simulation de l'utilisation de l'eau et de la production végétale d'une phytocénose sahélienne du Sénégal. Oecol. Plant. 3, 381-397.
41. Scrivner, J.H., Center, D.M. & Jones, M.B. (1986) A rising plate meter for estimating production and utilization. J. Range Mgmnt, 39, 475-477.
42. Tolsma, D.J., Ernst, W.H.O. & Verwey, R.A. (1987) Nutrients in soil and vegetation around two artificial waterpoints in eastern Botswana. J. Appl. Ecol. 24, 991-1000.
43. Turner, M. (1992) Living on the edge: FulBe herding practices and the relationship between economy and ecology in the Inland Niger Delta of Mali. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
44. Turner, M.D. (1998) Long term effects of daily grazing orbits on nutrient availability in Sahelian West Africa: I. Gradients in the chemical composition of rangeland soils and vegetation. J. Biogeogr. 25, 669-682.
45. Vale, T.R. (1982) Plants and people: vegetation change in North America. Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C.
46. Valentin, C. (1985) Effects of grazing and trampling on soil deterioration around recently drilled water holes in the Sahelian zone. Soil erosion and water erosion (ed. by S. A. El-Swaify, W. C. Moldenhauer and A. Lo), pp. 51-65. Soil Conservation Society of America, Ankeny, Iowa.
47. Valenza, J. (1981) Surveillance continue des pâturages naturels sahéliens. Rev. Élev. Méd. Vét Pays Trop. 34, 83-100.
48. Warren, A. & Maizels, J. (1977) Ecological change and desertification, Paper no. A/CONF 74/7. United Nations Conference on Desertification, New York.
49. Weltzin, J.F. & Coughenour, M.B. (1990) Savanna tree influence on understory vegetation and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya. J. Veg. Sci. 1, 325-334.
50. de Wispelaere, G. (1980) Les photographies aériennes témoins de la dégradation du couvert ligneux dans un ecosystème Sahélien Sénégalais. Influence de la proximité d'un forage. Cahiers l'ORSTOM, XVIII, 155-166.