Lorazepam and scopolamine: A single-dose comparison of effects on human memory and attentional processes

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 56-72

  Mintzer, Miriam Z ^a   Griffiths, Roland R ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS AFFECTING METABOLISM; ANXIOLYTIC AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; LACTOSE; LORAZEPAM; PLACEBO; SCOPOLAMINE; SEDATIVE AGENT; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AWARENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INFORMATION; DRUG MECHANISM; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPOTHESIS; MALE; MEMORY; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NORMAL HUMAN; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECALL; RECOGNITION; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERBAL MEMORY; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 0037326342     PISSN: 10641297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.56     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Bacon, E., Danion, J. M., Kauffmann-Muller, F., Schelstraete, M. A., Bruant, A., Sellal, F., & Grange, D. (1998). Confidence level and feeling of knowing for episodic and semantic memory: An investigation of lorazepam effects on metamemory. Psychopharmacology, 138, 318-325.
2. Baddeley, A. D. (1992). Working memory: The interface between memory and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 281-288.
3. Bishop, K. I., & Curran, H. V. (1995). Psychopharmacological analysis of implicit and explicit memory: A study with lorazepam and the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil. Psychopharmacology, 121, 267-278.
4. Bishop, K. I., Curran, H. V., & Lader, M. (1996). Do scopolamine and lorazepam have dissociable effects on human memory systems? A dose-response study with normal volunteers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 4, 292-299.
5. Bowers, J. S., & Schacter, D. L. (1990). Implicit memory and test awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 404-416.
6. Brown, M. W., Brown, J., & Bowes, J. (1989). Absence of priming coupled with substantially preserved recognition in lorazepam induced amnesia. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 41A, 599-617.
7. Cameron, C., Hopper, E. S., & Tiplady, B. (1996). Ethanol and negative priming. Human Psychopharmacology, 11, 131-136.
8. Cohen, J. D., Forman, S. D., Braver, T. S., Casey, B. J., Servan-Schreiber, D., & Noll, D. C. (1994). Activation of the prefrontal cortex in a nonspatial working memory task with functional MRI. Human Brain Mapping, 1, 293-304.
9. Corwin, J., Peselow, E., Feenan, K., Rotrosen, J., & Fieve, R. (1990). Disorders of decision in affective disease: An effect of β-adrenergic dysfunction? Biological Psychiatry, 27, 813-833.
10. Curran, H. V. (1999). Psychopharmacological approaches to human memory. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (2nd ed., pp. 797-804). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
11. Curran, H. V., Schifano, F., & Lader, M. (1991). Models of memory dysfunction? A comparison of the effects of scopolamine and lorazepam on memory, psychomotor performance and mood. Psychopharmacology, 103, 83-90.
12. Duka, T., Curran, H. V., Rusted, J. M., & Weingartner, H. J. (1996). Perspectives on cognitive psychopharmacology research. Behavioural Pharmacology, 7, 401-410.
13. Duka, T., Redemann, B., & Voet, B. (1995). Scopolamine and lorazepam exert different patterns of effects in a test battery assessing stages of information processing. Psychopharmacology, 119, 315-324.
14. Dunlosky, J., Domoto, P. K., Wang, M. L., Ishikawa, T., Roberson, I., Nelson, T. O., & Ramsay, D. S. (1998). Inhalation of 30% nitrous oxide impairs people's learning without impairing people's judgments of what will be remembered. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 6, 77-86.
15. Evans, S., Funderburk, F., & Griffiths, R. R. (1990). Zolpidem and triazolam in humans: Behavioral and subjective effects and abuse liability. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 255, 1246-1255.
16. Fillmore, M. T., Dixon, M. J., & Schweizer, T. A. (2000). Alcohol affects processing of ignored stimuli in a negative priming paradigm. Journal of Studies of Alcohol, 61, 571-578.
17. Flavell, J. H. (1971). What is memory development the development of? Human Development, 14, 272-278.
18. Fox, E. (1995). Negative priming from ignored distractors in visual selection: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 145-173.
19. Funderburk, F. R., Griffiths, R. R., McLeod, D. R., Bigelow, G. E., Mackenzie, A., Liebson, I. A., & Nemeth-Coslett, R. (1988). Relative abuse liability of lorazepam and diazepam: An evaluation in recreational drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 22, 215-222.
20. Furey, M. L., Pietrini, P., Alexander, G. E., Schapiro, M. B., & Horwitz, B. (2000). Cholinergic enhancement improves performance on working memory by modulating the functional activity in distinct brain regions: A positron emission tomography regional cerebral blood flow study in healthy humans. Brain Research Bulletin, 51, 213-218.
21. Furey, M. L., Pietrini, P., Haxby, J. V., Alexander, G. E., Lee, H. C., VanMeter, J., et al. (1997). Cholinergic stimulation alters performance and task-specific regional cerebral blood flow during working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 94, 6512-6516.
22. Goodman, L. A., & Kruskal, W. H. (1954). Measures of association for cross-classifications. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49, 732-764.
23. Griffiths, A. N., Jones, D. M., & Richens, A. (1986). Zopiclone produces effects on human performance similar to flurazepam, lormetazepam and triazolam. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 21, 647-653.
24. Hartman, M., Knopman, D., & Nissen, M. J. (1989). Implicit learning of new verbal associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 1070-1082.
25. Hasher, L., Stoltzfus, E. R., Zacks, R. T., & Rypma, B. (1991). Age and inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 163-169.
26. Hironaka, N., Miyata, H., & Ando, K. (1992). Effects of psychoactive drugs on short-term memory in rats and rhesus monkeys. Japan Journal of Pharmacology, 59, 113-120.
27. Jacoby, L. L. (1991). A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513-541.
28. Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
29. Ketchum, J. S., Sidell, F. R., Crowell, E. G., Aghajanian, G. K., & Haines, A. H. (1973). Atropine, scopolamine, and ditran: Comparative pharmacology and antagonists in man. Psychopharmacologia, 28, 121-145.
30. Knopman, D. (1991). Unaware learning versus preserved learning in pharmacologic amnesia: Similarities and differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 17, 1017-1029.
31. Kopelman, M. D. (1986). The cholinergic neurotransmitter system in human memory and dementia: A review. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 535-573.
32. Kopelman, M. D., & Corn, T. H. (1988). Cholinergic "blockade" as a model for cholinergic depletion: A comparison of the memory deficits with those of Alzheimer-type dementia and the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. Brain, 111, 1079-1110.
33. Koriat, A. (1997). Monitoring one's own knowledge during study: A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 126, 349-370.
34. MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
35. May, C. P., Kane, M. J., & Hasher, L. (1995). Determinants of negative priming. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 35-54.
36. McLeod, D. R., Griffiths, R. R., Bigelow, G. E., & Yingling, J. (1982). An automated version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Behavioral Research Methods and Instrumentation, 14, 463-466.
37. Metcalfe, J., & Shimamura, A. P. (1994). Metacognition: Knowing about knowing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
38. Mintzer, M. Z., Frey, J. M., Yingling, J. E., & Griffiths, R. R. (1997). Triazolam and zolpidem: A comparison of their psychomotor, cognitive, and subjective effects in healthy volunteers. Behavioural Pharmacology, 8, 561-574.
39. Mintzer, M. Z., & Griffiths, R. R. (1999). Triazolam and zolpidem: Effects on human memory and attentional processes. Psychopharmacology, 144, 8-19.
40. Mintzer, M. Z., & Griffiths, R. R. (2000). Acute effects of triazolam on false recognition. Memory and Cognition, 28, 1357-1365.
41. Mintzer, M. Z., & Griffiths, R. R. (2001). Acute dose-effects of scopolamine on false recognition. Psychopharmacology, 153, 425-433.
42. Mintzer, M. Z., Guarino, J., Kirk, T., Roache, J. D., & Griffiths, R. R. (1997). Ethanol and pentobarbital: Comparison of behavioral and subjective effects in sedative drug abusers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 203-215.
43. Mohler, H., & Okada, T. (1977, November 25). Benzodiazepine receptor: Demonstration in the central nervous system. Science, 198, 849-851.
44. Neill, W. T. (1977). Inhibition and facilitation processes in selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3, 444-450.
45. Nelson, T. O. (1984). A comparison of current measures of the accuracy of feeling of knowing predictions. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 109-133.
46. Nelson, T. O., Graf, A., Dunlosky, J., Marlatt, A., Walker, D., & Luce, K. (1998). Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on recall and on judgments of learning during the acquisition of new information. In G. Mazzoni & T. O. Nelson (Eds.), Metacognition and cognitive neuropsychology: Monitoring and control processes (pp. 161-180). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
47. Nelson, T. O., McSpadden, M., Fromme, K., & Marlatt, G. A. (1986). Effects of alcohol intoxication on metamemory and retrieval from long term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 15, 247-254.
48. Nissen, M. J., Knopman, D. S., & Schacter, D. L. (1987). Neurochemical dissociation of memory systems. Neurology, 37, 789-794.
49. Pocock, S. J. (1983). Clinical trials: A practical approach. New York: Wiley.
50. Pontecorvo, M. J., Clissold, D. B., White, M. F., & Ferkany, J. W. (1991). N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists and working memory performance: Comparison with the effects of scopolamine, propranolol, diazepam, and phenylisopropyladenosine. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 521-535.
51. Preston, K. L., Guarino, J. J., Kirk, T. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (1989). Evaluation of the abuse potential of methocarbamol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 248, 1146-1157.
52. Reinitz, M. T., Lammers, W. J., & Cochran, B. P. (1992). Memory conjunction errors: Miscombination of stored stimulus features can produce illusions of memory. Memory and Cognition, 20, 1-11.
53. Reinitz, M. T., Verfaellie, M., & Milberg, W. P. (1996). Memory conjunction errors in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 286-299.
54. Roache, J. D., Cherek, D. R., Bennett, R. H., Schenkler, B. S., & Cowan, K. A. (1993). Differential effects of triazolam and ethanol on awareness, memory, and psychomotor performance. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 3-15.
55. Roache, J. D., & Griffiths, R. R. (1985). Comparison of triazolam and pentobarbital: Performance impairment, subjective effects and abuse liability. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 234, 120-133.
56. Roache, J. D., & Griffiths, R. R. (1987). Lorazepam and meprobamate dose effects in humans: Behavioral effects and abuse liability. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 243, 978-988.
57. Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In H. Spinnler & F. Boller (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
58. Roy-Byrne, P. P., Uhde, T. W., Holcomb, H., Thompson, K., King, A. K., & Weingartner, H. (1987). Effects of diazepam on cognitive processes in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology, 91, 30-33.
59. Rusted, J. M., Eaton-Williams, P., & Warburton, D. M. (1991). A comparison of the effects of scopolamine and diazepam on working memory. Psychopharmacology, 105, 442-445.
60. Schacter, D. L., Chiu, C. Y. P., & Ochsner, K. N. (1993). Implicit memory: A selective review. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 159-182.
61. Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999, March 12). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283, 1657-1661.
62. Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 34-50.
63. Spieler, D. H., Balota, D. A., & Faust, M. E. (1996). Stroop performance in healthy younger and older adults and in individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 22, 461-479.
64. Squires, R. F., & Braestrup, C. (1977, April 21). Benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain. Nature, 266, 732-734.
65. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
66. Tipper, S. P. (1985). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory effects of ignored primes. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37A, 571-590.
67. Vidailhet, P., Danion, J. M., Kauffmann, M. F., Grange, D., Giersch, A., Van der Linden, M., & Imbs, J. L. (1994). Lorazepam and diazepam effects on memory acquisition in priming tasks. Psychopharmacology, 115, 397-406.
68. Weingartner, H. J., Joyce, E. M., Sirocco, K. Y., Adams, C. M., Eckhardt, M. J., George, T., & Lister, R. G. (1993). Specific memory and sedative effects of the benzodiazepine triazolam. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 7, 303-315.
69. Weingartner, H. J., Sirocco, K., Rawlings, R., Joyce, E., & Hommer, D. (1995). Dissociations in the expression of the sedative effects of triazolam. Psychopharmacology, 119, 27-33.
70. Wesnes, K., Simpson, P., & Kidd, A. (1988). An investigation of the range of cognitive impairments induced by scopolamine 0.6 mg s.c. Human Psychopharmacology, 3, 27-41.