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Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 57-69

Regulation of axial patterning of the retina and its topographic mapping in the brain

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EPHRIN; EPHRIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; REGULATOR PROTEIN;

EID: 0037321052     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00014-X     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (192)

References (57)
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    • Two homeobox genes define the domain of EphA3 expression in the developing chick retina
    • The authors examine the functions of two homeobox genes, SOHo1 and GH6, expressed in a low to high T-N gradient in the retina. Retroviral misexpression of these genes reveals that the expression of EphA3 is specifically repressed in domains of ectopic expression in the retina. Surprisingly, the expression of EphA3 is not affected in ectopic domains of SOHo1 or GH6 in the brain. The expression of many other Eph receptors and ephrins is not affected by misexpression of SOHo1 or GH6. In addition, BF1 and BF2 do not appear to genetically interact with SOHo1 or GH6, indicating that key players in the establishment of T-N retinal polarity are unknown. Misexpression of SOHo1 or GH6 results in topographic map defects consistent with a reduction in EphA3 expression.
    • Schulte D., Cepko C.L. Two homeobox genes define the domain of EphA3 expression in the developing chick retina. Development. 127:2000;5033-5045 The authors examine the functions of two homeobox genes, SOHo1 and GH6, expressed in a low to high T-N gradient in the retina. Retroviral misexpression of these genes reveals that the expression of EphA3 is specifically repressed in domains of ectopic expression in the retina. Surprisingly, the expression of EphA3 is not affected in ectopic domains of SOHo1 or GH6 in the brain. The expression of many other Eph receptors and ephrins is not affected by misexpression of SOHo1 or GH6. In addition, BF1 and BF2 do not appear to genetically interact with SOHo1 or GH6, indicating that key players in the establishment of T-N retinal polarity are unknown. Misexpression of SOHo1 or GH6 results in topographic map defects consistent with a reduction in EphA3 expression.
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    • Ventroptin: A BMP-4 antagonist expressed in a double-gradient pattern in the retina
    • The authors report the cloning of a BMP antagonist expressed in a high-to-low N-V to D-T gradient. They show, with retroviral overexpression, that ventroptin can repress the expression of the dorsal genes BMP4 and Tbx5 and enhance the expression of the ventral gene cVax. Retroviral overexpression of ventroptin also results in retinotectal mapping defects. The ventral retina of chicks that have been electroporated with ventroptin shows defects in mapping along the A-P and L-M tectal axes. In each case, a normal appearing TZ is evident in addition to posterior arborizations and possibly aberrantly lateral RGC axonal pathways. The expression of the nasal marker ephrin-A2 is enhanced in temporal retina by ventroptin overexpression.
    • Sakuta H., Suzuki R., Takahashi H., Kato A., Shintani T., Lemura S., Yamamoto T.S., Ueno N., Noda M. Ventroptin: a BMP-4 antagonist expressed in a double-gradient pattern in the retina. Science. 293:2001;111-115 The authors report the cloning of a BMP antagonist expressed in a high-to-low N-V to D-T gradient. They show, with retroviral overexpression, that ventroptin can repress the expression of the dorsal genes BMP4 and Tbx5 and enhance the expression of the ventral gene cVax. Retroviral overexpression of ventroptin also results in retinotectal mapping defects. The ventral retina of chicks that have been electroporated with ventroptin shows defects in mapping along the A-P and L-M tectal axes. In each case, a normal appearing TZ is evident in addition to posterior arborizations and possibly aberrantly lateral RGC axonal pathways. The expression of the nasal marker ephrin-A2 is enhanced in temporal retina by ventroptin overexpression.
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    • Sakuta, H.1    Suzuki, R.2    Takahashi, H.3    Kato, A.4    Shintani, T.5    Lemura, S.6    Yamamoto, T.S.7    Ueno, N.8    Noda, M.9
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    • Tbx5 and the retinotectum projection
    • The authors use retroviral misexpression studies to analyze the Tbx5 gene in chick retinal development. Tbx5 is expressed in dorsal retina, and when misexpressed throughout retina it represses ventral markers such as cVax, Pax2, EphB2 and EphB3. In addition, misexpression induces the expression of the dorsal markers ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2. Tbx5 misexpression also results in retinotectal mapping defects consistent with a dorsalization of retina. Furthermore, misexpression of BMP4 also dorsalizes the expression of several genes, perhaps by enhancing Tbx5 expression.
    • Koshiba-Takeuchi K., Takeuchi J.K., Matsumoto K., Momose T., Uno K., Hoepker V., Ogura K., Takahashi N., Nakamura H., Yasuda K., Ogura T. Tbx5 and the retinotectum projection. Science. 287:2000;134-137 The authors use retroviral misexpression studies to analyze the Tbx5 gene in chick retinal development. Tbx5 is expressed in dorsal retina, and when misexpressed throughout retina it represses ventral markers such as cVax, Pax2, EphB2 and EphB3. In addition, misexpression induces the expression of the dorsal markers ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2. Tbx5 misexpression also results in retinotectal mapping defects consistent with a dorsalization of retina. Furthermore, misexpression of BMP4 also dorsalizes the expression of several genes, perhaps by enhancing Tbx5 expression.
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    • The dorsal-ventral axis of the neural retina is divided into multiple domains of restricted gene expression which exhibit features of lineage compartments
    • The authors show the precise distributions, and the relationships between the distributions, of multiple genes expressed along the D-V retinal axis. Using very high quality double in situs on flat-mounted chick retina, the authors demonstrate the relationships among known D-V markers, such as cVax, BMP4, Tbx5, EphB2, EphB3, ephrin-B1, and ephrin-B2. Importantly, the authors demonstrate a gap between the ventral expression of cVax and the dorsal expression of Tbx5, which would strongly suggest that these genes do not directly co-regulate each other. These markers can be divided into at least four zones along the D-V axis. In addition, the authors perform a clonal analysis of retinal cells that uses a replication incompetent retrovirus that expresses alkaline phosphatase to show that retinal cells rarely cross the expression boundaries of these markers. The authors suggest that EphBs and ephrin-Bs may mediate these affects.
    • Peters M.A., Cepko C.L. The dorsal-ventral axis of the neural retina is divided into multiple domains of restricted gene expression which exhibit features of lineage compartments. Dev. Biol. 251:2002;59-73 The authors show the precise distributions, and the relationships between the distributions, of multiple genes expressed along the D-V retinal axis. Using very high quality double in situs on flat-mounted chick retina, the authors demonstrate the relationships among known D-V markers, such as cVax, BMP4, Tbx5, EphB2, EphB3, ephrin-B1, and ephrin-B2. Importantly, the authors demonstrate a gap between the ventral expression of cVax and the dorsal expression of Tbx5, which would strongly suggest that these genes do not directly co-regulate each other. These markers can be divided into at least four zones along the D-V axis. In addition, the authors perform a clonal analysis of retinal cells that uses a replication incompetent retrovirus that expresses alkaline phosphatase to show that retinal cells rarely cross the expression boundaries of these markers. The authors suggest that EphBs and ephrin-Bs may mediate these affects.
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    • Misexpression of the Emx-related homeobox genes cVax and mVax2 ventralizes the retina and perturbs the retinotectal map
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.