메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 157, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 365-390

Late Quaternary dynamics of tundra and forest vegetation in the southern Niagara Escarpment, Canada

Author keywords

Climate change; Late Quaternary; Oxygen isotopes; Paleoecology; Plant macrofossils; Pollen analysis; Principal component analysis; Younger Dryas

Indexed keywords

PALEOECOLOGY; QUATERNARY; RECONSTRUCTION; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 0037311766     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00678.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (113)
  • 3
    • 0022845922 scopus 로고
    • Pollen in laminated sediments provides evidence for a mid-Holocene forest pathogen outbreak
    • Allison TD, Moeller RE, Davis MB. 1986. Pollen in laminated sediments provides evidence for a mid-Holocene forest pathogen outbreak. Ecology 67: 1101-1105.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Allison, T.D.1    Moeller, R.E.2    Davis, M.B.3
  • 4
    • 0035111405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Holocene record of lake levels at Mansell Pond, central Maine, USA
    • Almquist H, Dieffenbacher-Krall AC, Brown R, Sanger D. 2001. The Holocene record of lake levels at Mansell Pond, central Maine, USA. The Holocene 11: 189-201.
    • (2001) The Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 189-201
    • Almquist, H.1    Dieffenbacher-Krall, A.C.2    Brown, R.3    Sanger, D.4
  • 5
    • 0003260628 scopus 로고
    • Pollen and plant macrofossil analyses on late Quaternary sediments at Kitchener, Ontario
    • Anderson TW. 1982. Pollen and plant macrofossil analyses on late Quaternary sediments at Kitchener, Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada Current Research 82-1A: 131-136.
    • (1982) Geological Survey of Canada Current Research , vol.82 , Issue.1 A , pp. 131-136
    • Anderson, T.W.1
  • 8
    • 0000096855 scopus 로고
    • Glacial Lake Whittlesey: The probable ice frontal position in the eastern end of the Erie basin
    • Barnett PJ. 1979. Glacial Lake Whittlesey: the probable ice frontal position in the eastern end of the Erie basin. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16: 568-574.
    • (1979) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.16 , pp. 568-574
    • Barnett, P.J.1
  • 9
    • 0023500644 scopus 로고
    • Holocene history of forest trees in southern Ontario
    • Bennett KD. 1987. Holocene history of forest trees in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 65: 1792-1801.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.65 , pp. 1792-1801
    • Bennett, K.D.1
  • 10
    • 0026564857 scopus 로고
    • Holocene history of forest trees on the Bruce Peninsula, southern Ontario
    • Bennett KD. 1992. Holocene history of forest trees on the Bruce Peninsula, southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 6-18.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.70 , pp. 6-18
    • Bennett, K.D.1
  • 11
    • 0000394778 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of pollen and spore density in sediments by the addition of exotic pollen in known quantities
    • Benninghoff WS. 1962. Calculation of pollen and spore density in sediments by the addition of exotic pollen in known quantities. Pollen et Spores 4: 332-333.
    • (1962) Pollen et Spores , vol.4 , pp. 332-333
    • Benninghoff, W.S.1
  • 12
    • 0001775506 scopus 로고
    • Modern pollen rain studies in some Arctic and Alpine environments
    • Birks HJB, West RG, eds. Oxford, UK: Blackwell
    • Birks HJB. 1973. Modern pollen rain studies in some Arctic and Alpine environments. In: Birks HJB, West RG, eds. Quaternary plant ecology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 143-168.
    • (1973) Quaternary Plant Ecology , pp. 143-168
    • Birks, H.J.B.1
  • 13
    • 0017203202 scopus 로고
    • Late-Wisconsinan vegetarional history at Wolf Creek, central Minnesota
    • Birks HJB. 1976. Late-Wisconsinan vegetarional history at Wolf Creek, central Minnesota. Ecological Monographs 46: 396-429.
    • (1976) Ecological Monographs , vol.46 , pp. 396-429
    • Birks, H.J.B.1
  • 14
    • 0034652107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two terrestrial records of rapid climatic change during the glacial-Holocene transition (14 000-9000 calendar years B.P.) from Europe
    • Birks HH, Ammann B. 2000. Two terrestrial records of rapid climatic change during the glacial-Holocene transition (14 000-9000 calendar years B.P.) from Europe. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA 97: 1390-1394.
    • (2000) Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA , vol.97 , pp. 1390-1394
    • Birks, H.H.1    Ammann, B.2
  • 18
    • 0001408254 scopus 로고
    • Spatially-precise studies of forest dynamics
    • Huntley B, Webb III T, eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Bradshaw RHW. 1988. Spatially-precise studies of forest dynamics. In: Huntley B, Webb III T, eds. Vegetation history. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 725-751.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 725-751
    • Bradshaw, R.H.W.1
  • 19
    • 0001138377 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial forest patterns associated with till and outwash in north-central Upper Michigan
    • Brubaker LB. 1975. Postglacial forest patterns associated with till and outwash in north-central Upper Michigan. Quaternary Research 5: 499-527.
    • (1975) Quaternary Research , vol.5 , pp. 499-527
    • Brubaker, L.B.1
  • 20
    • 0002473326 scopus 로고
    • Arctic tundra biodiversity: A temporal perspective from late Quaternary pollen records
    • Chapin III FS; Koerner C, eds. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag
    • Brubaker LB, Anderson PM, Hu FS. 1995. Arctic tundra biodiversity: a temporal perspective from late Quaternary pollen records. In: Chapin III FS; Koerner C, eds. Arctic and alpine biodiversity: patterns, causes and ecosystem consequences. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 111-125.
    • (1995) Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences , pp. 111-125
    • Brubaker, L.B.1    Anderson, P.M.2    Hu, F.S.3
  • 21
    • 0000810541 scopus 로고
    • Geology and paleontology of two late Wisconsin sites in western New York State
    • Calkin PE, McAndrews JH. 1980. Geology and paleontology of two late Wisconsin sites in western New York State. Geological Society of America Bulletin 91: 295-306.
    • (1980) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.91 , pp. 295-306
    • Calkin, P.E.1    McAndrews, J.H.2
  • 22
    • 0027804599 scopus 로고
    • Forest disequilibrium caused by rapid Little Ice Age cooling
    • Campbell ID, McAndrews JH. 1993. Forest disequilibrium caused by rapid Little Ice Age cooling. Nature 366: 336-338.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 336-338
    • Campbell, I.D.1    McAndrews, J.H.2
  • 23
  • 24
    • 0003322375 scopus 로고
    • The physiography of southern Ontario
    • Toronto, ON, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
    • Chapman LJ, Putnam DF. 1984. The physiography of southern Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey, special, vol. 2. Toronto, ON, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
    • (1984) Ontario Geological Survey, Special, Vol. 2 , vol.2
    • Chapman, L.J.1    Putnam, D.F.2
  • 25
    • 0025205643 scopus 로고
    • Fire and climate change during the last 750 yr in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark JS. 1990. Fire and climate change during the last 750 yr in northwestern Minnesota. Ecological Monographs 60: 135-159.
    • (1990) Ecological Monographs , vol.60 , pp. 135-159
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 26
    • 0028976664 scopus 로고
    • Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: Charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada
    • Clark JS, Royall PD. 1995. Transformation of a northern hardwood forest by aboriginal (Iroquois) fire: charcoal evidence from Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. The Holocene 5: 1-9.
    • (1995) The Holocene , vol.5 , pp. 1-9
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2
  • 27
    • 0024197044 scopus 로고
    • Climatic changes of the last 18 000 years: Observations and model simulations
    • COHMAP Members. 1988. Climatic changes of the last 18 000 years: Observations and model simulations. Science 241: 1043-1052.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1043-1052
  • 28
    • 0001007023 scopus 로고
    • Redeposited pollen in late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota
    • Cushing EJ. 1964. Redeposited pollen in late-Wisconsin pollen spectra from east-central Minnesota. American Journal of Science 262: 1075-1088.
    • (1964) American Journal of Science , vol.262 , pp. 1075-1088
    • Cushing, E.J.1
  • 29
    • 0002489722 scopus 로고
    • Late-Wisconsin pollen stratigraphy and the glacial sequence in Minnesota
    • Cushing EJ, Wright Jr HE, eds. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press
    • Cushing EJ. 1967. Late-Wisconsin pollen stratigraphy and the glacial sequence in Minnesota. In: Cushing EJ, Wright Jr HE, eds. Quaternary paleoecology. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press, 59-88.
    • (1967) Quaternary Paleoecology , pp. 59-88
    • Cushing, E.J.1
  • 30
    • 0000320736 scopus 로고
    • An inexpensive sieving method for concentrating pollen and spores from fine-grained sediments
    • Cwynar LC, Burden E, McAndrews JH. 1979. An inexpensive sieving method for concentrating pollen and spores from fine-grained sediments. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 16: 1115-1120.
    • (1979) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.16 , pp. 1115-1120
    • Cwynar, L.C.1    Burden, E.2    McAndrews, J.H.3
  • 31
    • 0028794286 scopus 로고
    • Chironomid evidence for late glacial climatic reversals in Maine
    • Cwynar LC, Levesque AJ. 1995. Chironomid evidence for late glacial climatic reversals in Maine. Quaternary Research 43: 405-413.
    • (1995) Quaternary Research , vol.43 , pp. 405-413
    • Cwynar, L.C.1    Levesque, A.J.2
  • 32
    • 0001390012 scopus 로고
    • Climatic changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake
    • Davis MB. 1969. Climatic changes in southern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition at Rogers Lake. Ecology 50: 409-422.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 409-422
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 34
    • 0022202727 scopus 로고
    • Late glacial and early Holocene landscapes in northern New England and adjacent areas of Canada
    • Davis RB, Jacobson GL Jr. 1985. Late glacial and early Holocene landscapes in northern New England and adjacent areas of Canada. Quaternary Research 23: 341-368.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 341-368
    • Davis, R.B.1    Jacobson G.L., Jr.2
  • 35
    • 0000384837 scopus 로고
    • Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcateous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: Comparison with other methods
    • Dean Jr WE. 1974. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcateous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44: 242-248.
    • (1974) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.44 , pp. 242-248
    • Dean W.E., Jr.1
  • 36
    • 0013137153 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial and postglacial pollen diagrams from Maine
    • Deevey Jr ES. 1951. Late-glacial and postglacial pollen diagrams from Maine. American Journal of Science 249: 177-207.
    • (1951) American Journal of Science , vol.249 , pp. 177-207
    • Deevey E.S., Jr.1
  • 37
    • 0003454062 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa, Canada: Name of Publisher, 1951-1980
    • Environment Canada. 1982. Canadian climate normals: 1951-1980. Ottawa, Canada: Name of Publisher, 1951-1980.
    • (1982) Canadian Climate Normals: 1951-1980
  • 39
    • 0028978318 scopus 로고
    • Causes and ecosystem consequences of multiple pathways of primary succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska
    • Fastie CL. 1995. Causes and ecosystem consequences of multiple pathways of primary succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Ecology 76: 1899-1916.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1899-1916
    • Fastie, C.L.1
  • 40
    • 84874209336 scopus 로고
    • Diatom evidence for the persistence of stagnant glacial ice in Minnesota
    • Florin MB, Wright HE Jr. 1969. Diatom evidence for the persistence of stagnant glacial ice in Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin 80: 695-704.
    • (1969) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.80 , pp. 695-704
    • Florin, M.B.1    Wright H.E., Jr.2
  • 41
    • 0027423875 scopus 로고
    • Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England
    • Foster DR, Zebryk TM. 1993. Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England. Ecology 74: 982-998.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 982-998
    • Foster, D.R.1    Zebryk, T.M.2
  • 42
    • 0023108280 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope, fossil Coleoptera and pollen stratigraphy in late Quaternary sediments from Ontario and New York State
    • Fritz P, Morgan AV, Eicher U, McAndrews JH. 1987. Stable isotope, fossil Coleoptera and pollen stratigraphy in late Quaternary sediments from Ontario and New York State. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 58: 183-202.
    • (1987) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.58 , pp. 183-202
    • Fritz, P.1    Morgan, A.V.2    Eicher, U.3    McAndrews, J.H.4
  • 43
    • 0031459975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene forest dynamics in southern Ontario, Canada: Fine-resolution pollen data
    • Fuller JL. 1997. Holocene forest dynamics in southern Ontario, Canada: fine-resolution pollen data. Canadian Journal of Botany 75: 1714-1727.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.75 , pp. 1714-1727
    • Fuller, J.L.1
  • 44
    • 0031691294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological impact of the mid-Holocene hemlock decline in southern Ontario, Canada
    • Fuller JL. 1998. Ecological impact of the mid-Holocene hemlock decline in southern Ontario, Canada. Ecology 79: 2337-2351.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2337-2351
    • Fuller, J.L.1
  • 45
    • 0029503053 scopus 로고
    • Modern and Holocene pollen assemblages from some small Arctic lakes on Somerset Island, NWT, Canada
    • Gajewski K. 1995. Modern and Holocene pollen assemblages from some small Arctic lakes on Somerset Island, NWT, Canada. Quaternary Research 44: 228-236.
    • (1995) Quaternary Research , vol.44 , pp. 228-236
    • Gajewski, K.1
  • 46
    • 0028995950 scopus 로고
    • Paleoenvironments of the Canadian high Arctic derived from pollen and plant macrofossils: Problems and potentials
    • Gajewski K, Garneau M, Bourgeois JC. 1995. Paleoenvironments of the Canadian high Arctic derived from pollen and plant macrofossils: problems and potentials. Quaternary Science Reviews 14: 609-629.
    • (1995) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.14 , pp. 609-629
    • Gajewski, K.1    Garneau, M.2    Bourgeois, J.C.3
  • 47
    • 0022193471 scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States
    • Bryant Jr VM, Holloway RG, eds. Dallas, TX, USA: AASP Foundation
    • Gaudreau DC, Webb T III. 1985. Late-Quaternary pollen stratigraphy and isochrone maps for the northeastern United States. In: Bryant Jr VM, Holloway RG, eds. Pollen records of late-quaternary North American sediments. Dallas, TX, USA: AASP Foundation, 245-280.
    • (1985) Pollen Records of Late-quaternary North American Sediments , pp. 245-280
    • Gaudreau, D.C.1    Webb T. III2
  • 48
    • 0023163609 scopus 로고
    • CONISS: A FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares
    • Grimm EC. 1987. CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers & Geosciences 13: 13-35.
    • (1987) Computers & Geosciences , vol.13 , pp. 13-35
    • Grimm, E.C.1
  • 50
    • 0001782522 scopus 로고
    • The Late-Glacial flora of Denmark and its relation to climate and soil
    • Iversen J. 1954. The Late-Glacial flora of Denmark and its relation to climate and soil. Danmarks Geologisk Undersogelse, Series II 80: 87-119.
    • (1954) Danmarks Geologisk Undersogelse, Series II , vol.80 , pp. 87-119
    • Iversen, J.1
  • 51
    • 0003223747 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial vegetational changes along an elevational gradient in the Adirondack Mountains (New York): A study of plant macrofossils
    • Albany, NY, USA: The State Education Department
    • Jackson ST. 1989. Postglacial vegetational changes along an elevational gradient in the Adirondack Mountains (New York): a study of plant macrofossils. New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 465. Albany, NY, USA: The State Education Department.
    • (1989) New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin , vol.465
    • Jackson, S.T.1
  • 53
    • 0023546079 scopus 로고
    • Quaternary geology of the Hamilton-Cambridge area, southern Ontario
    • Toronto, ON, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
    • Karrow PF. 1987. Quaternary geology of the Hamilton-Cambridge area, southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Report 255. Toronto, ON, Canada: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
    • (1987) Ontario Geological Survey Report , vol.255
    • Karrow, P.F.1
  • 55
    • 0033841937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postglacial water-level changes of a small lake in southern Quebec, Canada
    • Lavoie M, Richard PJH. 2000. Postglacial water-level changes of a small lake in southern Quebec, Canada. The Holocene 10: 621-634.
    • (2000) The Holocene , vol.10 , pp. 621-634
    • Lavoie, M.1    Richard, P.J.H.2
  • 56
    • 0030620977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptionally steep north-south gradients in lake temperatures during the last deglaciation
    • Levesque AJ, Cwynar LC, Walker IR. 1997. Exceptionally steep north-south gradients in lake temperatures during the last deglaciation. Nature 385: 423-426.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 423-426
    • Levesque, A.J.1    Cwynar, L.C.2    Walker, I.R.3
  • 57
    • 0031870415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of a park-forest vegetation mosaic in the Wind River Range, Wyoming
    • Lynch EA. 1998. Origin of a park-forest vegetation mosaic in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Ecology 79: 1320-1338.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 1320-1338
    • Lynch, E.A.1
  • 58
    • 0027387747 scopus 로고
    • Rapid response of treeline vegetation and lakes to past climate warming
    • MacDonald GM, Edwards TWD, Moser KA, Pienitz R, Smol JP. 1993. Rapid response of treeline vegetation and lakes to past climate warming. Nature 361: 243-246.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 243-246
    • MacDonald, G.M.1    Edwards, T.W.D.2    Moser, K.A.3    Pienitz, R.4    Smol, J.P.5
  • 60
    • 0028977807 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the Younger Dryas cooling event upon lowland vegetation of Maritime Canada
    • Mayle FE, Cwynar LC. 1995. Impact of the Younger Dryas cooling event upon lowland vegetation of Maritime Canada. Ecological Monographs 65: 129-154.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 129-154
    • Mayle, F.E.1    Cwynar, L.C.2
  • 61
    • 0019353118 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary climate of Ontario: Temperature trends from the fossil pollen record
    • Mahaney WC, ed. Norwich, UK: GeoAbstracts
    • McAndrews JH. 1981. Late Quaternary climate of Ontario: temperature trends from the fossil pollen record. In: Mahaney WC, ed. Quaternary paleoclimate. Norwich, UK: GeoAbstracts, 319-333.
    • (1981) Quaternary Paleoclimate , pp. 319-333
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 62
    • 0021581434 scopus 로고
    • Pollen analysis of the 1973 ice core from Devon Island Glacier, Canada
    • McAndrews JH. 1984. Pollen analysis of the 1973 ice core from Devon Island Glacier, Canada. Quaternary Research 22: 68-76.
    • (1984) Quaternary Research , vol.22 , pp. 68-76
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 63
    • 0000544484 scopus 로고
    • Human disturbance of North America forests and grasslands: The fossil pollen record
    • Huntley B, Webb III T, eds. London, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • McAndrews JH. 1988. Human disturbance of North America forests and grasslands: The fossil pollen record. In: Huntley B, Webb III T, eds. Vegetation history. London, UK: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 673-697.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 673-697
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 64
    • 0001310304 scopus 로고
    • Pollen diagrams for southern Ontario applied to archaeology
    • MacDonald RI, ed. Waterloo, ON, Canada: Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo
    • McAndrews JH. 1994a. Pollen diagrams for southern Ontario applied to archaeology. In: MacDonald RI, ed. Great Lakes archaeology and paleoecology. Waterloo, ON, Canada: Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo, 179-195.
    • (1994) Great Lakes Archaeology and Paleoecology , pp. 179-195
    • McAndrews, J.H.1
  • 67
    • 0000468498 scopus 로고
    • Pollen analysis of varved sediment at Crawford Lake, Ontario: Evidence of Indian and European farming
    • Fulton Jr RJ, ed. Quaternary geology of Canada and Greenland. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada
    • McAndrews JH, Boyko-Diakonow M. 1989. Pollen analysis of varved sediment at Crawford Lake, Ontario: Evidence of Indian and European farming. In: Fulton Jr RJ, ed. Quaternary geology of Canada and Greenland. Geology of Canada, No. 1. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 528-530.
    • (1989) Geology of Canada , vol.1 , pp. 528-530
    • McAndrews, J.H.1    Boyko-Diakonow, M.2
  • 69
    • 0003315625 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial and postglacial vegetation change in southwestern New York State
    • Albany, NY, USA: The State Education Department
    • Miller NG. 1973. Late-glacial and postglacial vegetation change in southwestern New York State. New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 420. Albany, NY, USA: The State Education Department.
    • (1973) New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin , vol.420
    • Miller, N.G.1
  • 70
    • 0017996026 scopus 로고
    • A late-Quaternary pollen profile from Woodstock, Ontario
    • Mott RJ, Farley-Gill LD. 1978. A late-Quaternary pollen profile from Woodstock, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 15: 1101-1111.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.15 , pp. 1101-1111
    • Mott, R.J.1    Farley-Gill, L.D.2
  • 71
    • 0022843016 scopus 로고
    • Lags in adjustment of vegetation to climate caused by the pace of soil development: Evidence from Britain
    • Pennington W. 1986. Lags in adjustment of vegetation to climate caused by the pace of soil development: Evidence from Britain. Vegetatio 67: 105-118.
    • (1986) Vegetatio , vol.67 , pp. 105-118
    • Pennington, W.1
  • 72
    • 0023133161 scopus 로고
    • Paleoclimatic implications of a Late Wisconsinan insect assemblage from Rostock, southwestern Ontario
    • Pilny JJ, Morgan AV, Morgan A. 1987. Paleoclimatic implications of a Late Wisconsinan insect assemblage from Rostock, southwestern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24: 617-630.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.24 , pp. 617-630
    • Pilny, J.J.1    Morgan, A.V.2    Morgan, A.3
  • 73
    • 0019220945 scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional scaling as a research tool in Quaternary palynology: A review of theory and methods
    • Prentice IC. 1980. Multidimensional scaling as a research tool in Quaternary palynology: a review of theory and methods. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 31: 71-104.
    • (1980) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.31 , pp. 71-104
    • Prentice, I.C.1
  • 74
    • 0002561157 scopus 로고
    • Atlas pollinique des arbres et de quelques arbustes indigenes du Quebec. III
    • Richard PJH. 1970. Atlas pollinique des arbres et de quelques arbustes indigenes du Quebec. III. Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec) 97: 97-161.
    • (1970) Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec) , vol.97 , pp. 97-161
    • Richard, P.J.H.1
  • 75
    • 0028580827 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial palaeophytogeography of the eastern St. Lawrence River Watershed and the climatic signal of the pollen record
    • Richard PJH. 1994. Postglacial palaeophytogeography of the eastern St. Lawrence River Watershed and the climatic signal of the pollen record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109: 137-161.
    • (1994) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.109 , pp. 137-161
    • Richard, P.J.H.1
  • 77
    • 0028794419 scopus 로고
    • Current trends in studies of long-term plant community dynamics
    • Ritchie JC. 1995. Current trends in studies of long-term plant community dynamics. New Phytologist 130: 469-494.
    • (1995) New Phytologist , vol.130 , pp. 469-494
    • Ritchie, J.C.1
  • 79
    • 0003545786 scopus 로고
    • Ottawa, Canada: Canada Forestry Service
    • Rowe JS. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Ottawa, Canada: Canada Forestry Service, 1300.
    • (1972) Forest Regions of Canada , pp. 1300
    • Rowe, J.S.1
  • 80
    • 0001036683 scopus 로고
    • The deglaciation history of the Lake Superior region and its climatic implications
    • Saarnisto M. 1974. The deglaciation history of the Lake Superior region and its climatic implications. Quaternary Research 4: 316-339.
    • (1974) Quaternary Research , vol.4 , pp. 316-339
    • Saarnisto, M.1
  • 82
    • 0023499067 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial vegetational and climatic history of the Allegheny Plateau and the till plains of Ohio and Indiana
    • Shane LCK. 1987. Late-glacial vegetational and climatic history of the Allegheny Plateau and the till plains of Ohio and Indiana. Boreas 16: 1-20.
    • (1987) Boreas , vol.16 , pp. 1-20
    • Shane, L.C.K.1
  • 83
    • 0036717729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel climate and vegetation responses to the early-Holocene collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
    • Shuman B, Bartlein P, Logar N, Newby P, Webb T III. 2002a. Parallel climate and vegetation responses to the early-Holocene collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews 21: 1793-1805.
    • (2002) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.21 , pp. 1793-1805
    • Shuman, B.1    Bartlein, P.2    Logar, N.3    Newby, P.4    Webb T. III5
  • 84
    • 0035526671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-Quaternary water-level variations and vegetation history at Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts
    • Shuman BN, Bravo J, Kaye J, Lynch JA, Newby P, Webb III T. 2001. Late-Quaternary water-level variations and vegetation history at Crooked Pond, southeastern Massachusetts. Quaternary Research 56: 401-410.
    • (2001) Quaternary Research , vol.56 , pp. 401-410
    • Shuman, B.N.1    Bravo, J.2    Kaye, J.3    Lynch, J.A.4    Newby, P.5    Webb T. III6
  • 85
    • 0036720498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: Vegetation change in eastern North America during the Younger Dryas chronozone
    • Shuman B, Webb T, III Bartlein P, Williams JW. 2002b. The anatomy of a climatic oscillation: vegetation change in eastern North America during the Younger Dryas chronozone. Quaternary Science Reviews 21: 1777-1791.
    • (2002) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.21 , pp. 1777-1791
    • Shuman, B.1    Webb T. III2    Bartlein, P.3    Williams, J.W.4
  • 86
    • 0000213202 scopus 로고
    • A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from the Allegheny Plateau of New York State
    • Spear RW, Miller NG. 1976. A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from the Allegheny Plateau of New York State. Journal of Arnold Arboretum (Harvard University) 57: 369-403.
    • (1976) Journal of Arnold Arboretum (Harvard University) , vol.57 , pp. 369-403
    • Spear, R.W.1    Miller, N.G.2
  • 87
    • 0030761779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt early to mid-Holocene climate transition registered at the Equator and the Poles
    • Stager JC, Mayewski PA. 1997. Abrupt early to mid-Holocene climate transition registered at the Equator and the Poles. Science 276: 1834-1836.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1834-1836
    • Stager, J.C.1    Mayewski, P.A.2
  • 88
    • 0013085407 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-fixing plants
    • Stewart WDP. 1967. Nitrogen-fixing plants. Science 158: 1426-1432.
    • (1967) Science , vol.158 , pp. 1426-1432
    • Stewart, W.D.P.1
  • 89
    • 0026266804 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial vegetation history of oak savanna in southern Ontario
    • Szeicz JM, MacDonald GM. 1991. Postglacial vegetation history of oak savanna in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1507-1519.
    • (1991) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.69 , pp. 1507-1519
    • Szeicz, J.M.1    MacDonald, G.M.2
  • 90
    • 0002521330 scopus 로고
    • Ordination
    • Jongman RH, Ter Braak CJF, van Tongeren OFR, eds. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc
    • Ter Braak CJF. 1987. Ordination. In: Jongman RH, Ter Braak CJF, van Tongeren OFR, eds. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc, 91-173.
    • (1987) Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology , pp. 91-173
    • Ter Braak, C.J.F.1
  • 92
    • 0019208162 scopus 로고
    • Late Wisconsin white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at Brampton, Ontario
    • Terasmae J, Matthews HL. 1980. Late Wisconsin white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at Brampton, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 17: 1087-1095.
    • (1980) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.17 , pp. 1087-1095
    • Terasmae, J.1    Matthews, H.L.2
  • 95
    • 0002516567 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial plant macrofossils from Minnesota
    • Cushing EJ, Wright Jr HE, eds. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press
    • Watts WA. 1967. Late-glacial plant macrofossils from Minnesota. In: Cushing EJ, Wright Jr HE, eds. Quaternary paleoecology. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press, 89-97.
    • (1967) Quaternary Paleoecology , pp. 89-97
    • Watts, W.A.1
  • 96
    • 0018592810 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary vegetation of central Appalachia and the New Jersey coastal plain
    • Watts WA. 1979. Late Quaternary vegetation of central Appalachia and the New Jersey coastal plain. Ecological Monographs 49: 427-469.
    • (1979) Ecological Monographs , vol.49 , pp. 427-469
    • Watts, W.A.1
  • 98
    • 0001852319 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, lake levels, and climate in eastern North America for the past 18 000 years
    • Wright Jr HE, Kutzbach JE, Webb III T, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Bartlein PJ, eds. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press
    • Webb T III, Bartlein PJ, Harrison SP, Anderson KH. 1993a. Vegetation, lake levels, and climate in eastern North America for the past 18 000 years. In: Wright Jr HE, Kutzbach JE, Webb III T, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Bartlein PJ, eds. Global climates since the last glacial maximum. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 415-467.
    • (1993) Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum , pp. 415-467
    • Webb T. III1    Bartlein, P.J.2    Harrison, S.P.3    Anderson, K.H.4
  • 99
    • 0000437282 scopus 로고
    • Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in central North America
    • Webb T III, McAndrews JH. 1976. Corresponding patterns of contemporary pollen and vegetation in central North America. Geological Society of America Memoir 146: 267-299.
    • (1976) Geological Society of America Memoir , vol.146 , pp. 267-299
    • Webb T. III1    McAndrews, J.H.2
  • 100
    • 0003080415 scopus 로고
    • Climatic changes during the past 18 000 years: Regional syntheses, mechanisms, and causes
    • Wright Jr HE, Kutzbach JE, Webb III T, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Bartlein PJ, eds. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota Press
    • Webb T III, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Markgraf V, Kutzbach JE, Bartlein PJ, Wright HE Jr, Prell WL. 1993b. Climatic changes during the past 18 000 years: regional syntheses, mechanisms, and causes. In: Wright Jr HE, Kutzbach JE, Webb III T, Ruddiman WF, Street-Perrott FA, Bartlein PJ, eds. Global climates since the last glacial maximum. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 514-535.
    • (1993) Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum , pp. 514-535
    • Webb T. III1    Ruddiman, W.F.2    Street-Perrott, F.A.3    Markgraf, V.4    Kutzbach, J.E.5    Bartlein, P.J.6    Wright H.E., Jr.7    Prell, W.L.8
  • 101
    • 0036860637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and widespread vegetation responses to past climate change in the North Atlantic region
    • Williams JW, Post DM, Cwynar LC, Lotter AF. 2002. Rapid and widespread vegetation responses to past climate change in the North Atlantic region. Geology 30: 971-974.
    • (2002) Geology , vol.30 , pp. 971-974
    • Williams, J.W.1    Post, D.M.2    Cwynar, L.C.3    Lotter, A.F.4
  • 102
    • 0030616836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does soil change cause vegetation change or vice versa? A temporal perspective from Hungary
    • Willis KJ, Braun M, Sumegi P, Toth A. 1997. Does soil change cause vegetation change or vice versa? A temporal perspective from Hungary. Ecology 78: 740-750.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 740-750
    • Willis, K.J.1    Braun, M.2    Sumegi, P.3    Toth, A.4
  • 103
    • 85180013058 scopus 로고
    • A square rod piston sampler for lake sediments
    • Wright Jr HE. 1967. A square rod piston sampler for lake sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 37: 975-976.
    • (1967) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.37 , pp. 975-976
    • Wright H.E., Jr.1
  • 104
    • 0021623107 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and response time of natural systems to climatic change in the late Quaternary
    • Wright Jr HE. 1984. Sensitivity and response time of natural systems to climatic change in the late Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews 3: 91-131.
    • (1984) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 91-131
    • Wright H.E., Jr.1
  • 107
    • 0030974310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary paleoecology of Thuja and Juniperus (Cupressaceae) at Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada: Pollen, stomata and macrofossils
    • Yu ZC. 1997b. Late Quaternary paleoecology of Thuja and Juniperus (Cupressaceae) at Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada: pollen, stomata and macrofossils. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 96: 241-254.
    • (1997) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.96 , pp. 241-254
    • Yu, Z.C.1
  • 108
    • 0034543799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem response to Lateglacial and early Holocene climate oscillations in the Great Lakes region of North America
    • Yu ZC. 2000. Ecosystem response to Lateglacial and early Holocene climate oscillations in the Great Lakes region of North America. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 1723-1747.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 1723-1747
    • Yu, Z.C.1
  • 109
    • 0032545481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in central North America
    • Yu ZC, Eicher U. 1998. Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in central North America. Science 282: 2235-2238.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 2235-2238
    • Yu, Z.C.1    Eicher, U.2
  • 110
    • 0035780026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three amphi-Atlantic century-scale cold events during the Bølling-Allerød warm period
    • Yu ZC, Eicher U. 2001. Three amphi-Atlantic century-scale cold events during the Bølling-Allerød warm period. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 55: 175-183.
    • (2001) Géographie Physique et Quaternaire , vol.55 , pp. 175-183
    • Yu, Z.C.1    Eicher, U.2
  • 111
    • 0002648143 scopus 로고
    • Postglacial paleohydrology at Crawford Lake, Ontario: Dry climate triggered mid-Holocene hemlock decline?
    • Yu ZC, McAndrews JH. 1995. Postglacial paleohydrology at Crawford Lake, Ontario: Dry climate triggered mid-Holocene hemlock decline? Canadian Association of Palynologists Newsletter 18(2): 22-26.
    • (1995) Canadian Association of Palynologists Newsletter , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 22-26
    • Yu, Z.C.1    McAndrews, J.H.2
  • 112
    • 0030665736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle Holocene dry climate caused by change in atmospheric circulation patterns: Evidence from lake levels and stable isotopes
    • Yu ZC, McAndrews JH, Eicher U. 1997. Middle Holocene dry climate caused by change in atmospheric circulation patterns: Evidence from lake levels and stable isotopes. Geology 25: 251-254.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 251-254
    • Yu, Z.C.1    McAndrews, J.H.2    Eicher, U.3
  • 113
    • 0035099127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of interior North America to abrupt climate oscillations in the North Atlantic region during the last deglaciation
    • Yu ZC, Wright Jr HE. 2001. Response of interior North America to abrupt climate oscillations in the North Atlantic region during the last deglaciation. Earth-Science Reviews 52: 333-369.
    • (2001) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.52 , pp. 333-369
    • Yu, Z.C.1    Wright H.E., Jr.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.