Abrupt climate oscillations during the last deglaciation in central North America

Science

Volumn 282, Issue 5397, 1998, Pages 2235-2238

  Yu, Zicheng ^a,b,d   Eicher, Ulrich ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^d LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ISOTOPE; WATER;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CLIMATE FORCING; LAST DEGLACIATION; PALEOCLIMATE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; FRACTIONATION; LAKE; METEOROLOGY; NORTH AMERICA; OSCILLATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WATER TEMPERATURE;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 0032545481     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5397.2235     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. S. J. Lehman and L. D. Keigwin, Nature 356, 757 (1992).
2. P. M. Grootes, M. Stuiver, J. W. C. White, S. Johnsen, J. Jouzel, ibid. 366, 552 (1993).
3. S. J. Johnsen et al., ibid. 359, 311 (1992); W. Dansgaard et al., ibid. 364, 218 (1993).
4. S. J. Johnsen et al., ibid. 359, 311 (1992); W. Dansgaard et al., ibid. 364, 218 (1993).
5. A. F. Lotter, U. Eicher, H. J. B. Birks, U. Siegenthaler, J. Quat. Sci. 7, 187 (1992).
6. S. Björck et al., Science 274, 1155 (1996).
7. A. J. Levesque, F. E. Mayle, I. R. Walker, L. C. Cwynar, Nature 361, 623 (1993).
8. U. Eicher and U. Siegenthaler, Boreas 5, 109 (1976); U. Eicher, Mitt. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern N.F. 37, 65 (1980); U. Siegenthaler, U. Eicher, H. Oeschger, Ann. Glaciol. 5, 149 (1984); U. Eicher, Geogr. Helv. 2, 99 (1987).
9. U. Eicher and U. Siegenthaler, Boreas 5, 109 (1976); U. Eicher, Mitt. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern N.F. 37, 65 (1980); U. Siegenthaler, U. Eicher, H. Oeschger, Ann. Glaciol. 5, 149 (1984); U. Eicher, Geogr. Helv. 2, 99 (1987).
10. U. Eicher and U. Siegenthaler, Boreas 5, 109 (1976); U. Eicher, Mitt. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern N.F. 37, 65 (1980); U. Siegenthaler, U. Eicher, H. Oeschger, Ann. Glaciol. 5, 149 (1984); U. Eicher, Geogr. Helv. 2, 99 (1987).
11. U. Eicher and U. Siegenthaler, Boreas 5, 109 (1976); U. Eicher, Mitt. Naturforsch. Ges. Bern N.F. 37, 65 (1980); U. Siegenthaler, U. Eicher, H. Oeschger, Ann. Glaciol. 5, 149 (1984); U. Eicher, Geogr. Helv. 2, 99 (1987).
12. T. Goslar et al., Nature 377, 414 (1995); K. Ahlberg, E. Almgren, H. E. Wright Jr., E. Ito, S. Hobbie, Boreas 25, 257 (1996).
13. T. Goslar et al., Nature 377, 414 (1995); K. Ahlberg, E. Almgren, H. E. Wright Jr., E. Ito, S. Hobbie, Boreas 25, 257 (1996).
14. 14C yr B.P. [S. A. Elias, K. H. Anderson, J. T. Andrews, J. Quat. Sci. 11, 417 (1996)].
15. 14C yr B.P. [S. A. Elias, K. H. Anderson, J. T. Andrews, J. Quat. Sci. 11, 417 (1996)].
16. 14C yr B.P. [S. A. Elias, K. H. Anderson, J. T. Andrews, J. Quat. Sci. 11, 417 (1996)].
17. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
18. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
19. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
20. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
21. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
22. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
23. M. Stuiver, Science 162, 994 (1968); J. Geophys. Res. 75, 5247 (1970); P. Fritz, A. V. Morgan, U. Eicher, J. H. McAndrews, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 58, 183 (1987); but see A. Shemesh and D. Peteet, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1935 (1998). Isotopic records from the Great Lakes are difficult to interpret in terms of climate changes because of the complex hydrologic budget [P. Fritz, T. W. Anderson, C. F. M. Lewis, Science 190, 267 (1975); C. F. M. Lewis and T. W. Anderson, Clim. Dyn. 6, 241 (1992); D. K. Rea et al., Geology 22, 1059 (1994)].
24. 13C. The authigenic calcite is the dominant carbonate in bulk samples, as confirmed at selected levels by calcite and dolomite determinations, petrographic microscope analysis, and almost identical isotope values of Chara encrustations and corresponding bulk samples (78).
25. The organic matter and carbonate contents of sediments were estimated by loss-on-ignition analysis. Elemental concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis of bulk sediment. Four cores at two sites show a sediment sequence from clay to clayey marl to marl (Fig. 2). See (18) for detail on lithology and elemental stratigraphy. Pollen stratigraphy indicates a change in vegetation from an Alnus, Cyperaceae. Salix sparse tundra (subzone 1a) through Salix, Cyperaceae, Artemisia dense tundra (subzone 1b) and Picea woodland (zone 2) to Pinus forest (zone 3) (Fig. 2). The vegetation reconstruction was substantiated by plant macrofossils from two sites (18).
26. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
27. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
28. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
29. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
30. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
31. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
32. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
33. 14C yr B.P. [J. H. McAndrews, in Quaternary Paleoclimate, W. C. Mahaney, Ed. (Geo Abstracts, Norwich, England, 1981), pp. 319-333].
34. I. Friedman and J. R. O'Neil, in Data of Geochemistry, I. Friedman and J. R. O'Neil, Eds. [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Professional Paper 440-KK, KK1-12, USGS, Washington, DC, 1977].
35. W. Dansgaard, Tellus 16, 436 (1964); K. Rozanski, L. Araguas-Araguas, R. Gonfiantini, Science 258, 981 (1992).
36. W. Dansgaard, Tellus 16, 436 (1964); K. Rozanski, L. Araguas-Araguas, R. Gonfiantini, Science 258, 981 (1992).
37. COHMAP Members, Science 241, 1043 (1988); T. Webb III et al., in Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum. H. E. Wright Jr. et al., Eds. (Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 1993), pp. 514-535; A. J. Levesque, L. C. Cwynar, I. R. Walker, Nature 385, 423 (1997).
38. COHMAP Members, Science 241, 1043 (1988); T. Webb III et al., in Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum. H. E. Wright Jr. et al., Eds. (Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 1993), pp. 514-535; A. J. Levesque, L. C. Cwynar, I. R. Walker, Nature 385, 423 (1997).
39. COHMAP Members, Science 241, 1043 (1988); T. Webb III et al., in Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum. H. E. Wright Jr. et al., Eds. (Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 1993), pp. 514-535; A. J. Levesque, L. C. Cwynar, I. R. Walker, Nature 385, 423 (1997).
40. Z. C. Yu and U. Eicher, data not shown.
41. Z. C. Yu, thesis, University of Toronto (1997).
42. U. Siegenthater and U. Eicher, in Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, B. E. Berglund, Ed. (Wiley, Toronto, 1986), pp. 407-422.
43. R. B. Alley et al., Geology 25, 483 (1997); J. Chappetlaz et al., Nature 366, 443 (1993); P. A. Mayewski et al., Science 263, 1747 (1994).
44. R. B. Alley et al., Geology 25, 483 (1997); J. Chappetlaz et al., Nature 366, 443 (1993); P. A. Mayewski et al., Science 263, 1747 (1994).
45. R. B. Alley et al., Geology 25, 483 (1997); J. Chappetlaz et al., Nature 366, 443 (1993); P. A. Mayewski et al., Science 263, 1747 (1994).
46. K. A. Hughen, J. T. Overpeck, L. C. Peterson, S. Trumbore, Nature 380, 51 (1996); J. C. Stager and P. A. Mayewski, Science 276, 1834 (1997); U. von Grafenstein, H. Erlenkeuser, J. Muller, J. Jouzel, S. Johnsen, Clim. Dyn. 14, 73 (1998).
47. K. A. Hughen, J. T. Overpeck, L. C. Peterson, S. Trumbore, Nature 380, 51 (1996); J. C. Stager and P. A. Mayewski, Science 276, 1834 (1997); U. von Grafenstein, H. Erlenkeuser, J. Muller, J. Jouzel, S. Johnsen, Clim. Dyn. 14, 73 (1998).
48. K. A. Hughen, J. T. Overpeck, L. C. Peterson, S. Trumbore, Nature 380, 51 (1996); J. C. Stager and P. A. Mayewski, Science 276, 1834 (1997); U. von Grafenstein, H. Erlenkeuser, J. Muller, J. Jouzel, S. Johnsen, Clim. Dyn. 14, 73 (1998).
49. G. Bond et al., Science 278, 1257 (1997).
50. Z. C. Yu, J. H. McAndrews, U. Eicher, Geology 25, 251 (1997).
51. We thank J. Denhart, J. N. Haas, S. Hick, R. L. Jefferies, J. H. McAndrews, W. McKenna, L. C. K. Shane, and L. J. Wang for field, laboratory, and general assistance, and L. C. Cwynar, E. Ito. K. Kelts, J. H. McAndrews, D. M. Peteet, L. C. K. Shane, T. Webb III, and H. E. Wright Jr. for discussion and comments. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Royal Ontario Museum, Ontario Ministry of Education and Training (Ontario Graduate Scholarship), and University of Toronto (Open Fellowships and Department of Botany).