Low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the Inuit - What is the evidence?

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 166, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 351-357

  Bjerregaard, Peter ^a   Young, T Kue ^b   Hegele, Robert A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Inuit; Ischemic heart disease; Marine diet; Mortality; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CANADA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN; MORTALITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ALASKA; CANADA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; GREENLAND; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INUITS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 0037298526     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00364-7     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Bertelsen A. Grønlandsk medicinsk statistik og nosografi. Bd. III: Det sædvanlige grønlandske sygdomsbillede, [Medical statistics and nosography in Greenland: the usual disease pattern in Greenland], vol. 3. Meddelelser om Grønland 1940;117(3).
2. Dyerberg J., Bang H.O., Hjørne N. Fatty acid composition of the plasma lipids in Greenland Eskimos. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 28:1975;958-966.
3. Ulbricht T.L.V., Southgate D.A.T. Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet. 338:1991;985-992.
4. Haraldsdóttir J., Astrup A., Dynesen A.W., Holm L. Danskernes fødevareforbrug i stadig ændring - klare tendenser i perioden 1995-2001 [Food consumption in Denmark shows clear trends during the period 1995-2001]. Ugeskr. Laeg. 164:2002;2028-2033.
5. Chief Medical Officer. Landslægens årsberetning [annual report of the chief medical officer], Nuuk, Landslægen, 1951-1967.
6. Statistics Denmark. Greenland. Census and count of dwellings December 31st 1965. Copenhagen: Statistisk Tabelværk, 1969. ix.
7. Statistics Denmark. Greenland. Census and count of dwellings December 31st 1970. Copenhagen: Statistisk Tabelværk, 1974. vi.
8. Statistics Greenland. Kalaallit Nunaata inui [Population of Greenland], Nuuk, Statistics Greenland, 1976-2000.
9. Statistics Denmark. Statistical Yearbook. Copenhagen, Statistics Denmark, 1965-1998.
10. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Estimating causes of death: New Methods and Global and Regional applications for 1990. In: Murray CJL, Lopez AD (editors). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. World Health Organization, 1996.
11. Doll R., Payne P., Waterhouse J. Cancer incidence in five continents. IARC technical report. 1966;Springer, Berlin.
12. Statistics Canada. Health Indicators 2001. http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/82-221-XIE/01201/tables/html.
13. Health status in Alaska 2000. http://www.hss.state.ak.us/dph/deu/publications/.
14. Boedeker B. 2000 Census Counts for Alaska Natives. http://www.ihs.gov/facilitiesservices/areaoffices/alaska/dpehs/ population%5Freports/2000CensusREPORT.pdfand census.asp.
15. Wilber C.G., Levine V.E. Fat metabolism in Alaskan Eskimos. Exp. Med. Surg. 8:1949;422-425.
16. Rabinowitch I.M. Clinical and other observations on Canadian Eskimos in the eastern arctic. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 34:1936;487-501.
17. Rodahl K. Diet and cardiovascular disease in the Eskimos. Trans. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 4:1954;192-197.
18. Ehrström M.C. Medical studies in north Greenland - 1949. VI: blood pressure, hypertension and atherosclerosis in relation to food and mode of living. Acta Med. Scand. 140:1951;416-422.
19. Gottman A.W. A report of one hundred three autopsies on Alaskan natives. AMA Arch. Pathol. 70:1960;117-124.
20. Lederman J.M., Wallace A.C., Hildes J.A. Arteriosclerosis and neoplasms in Canadian Eskimos. Biological aspects of aging. Proceedings fifth international congress gerontology. 1962;201-207 Columbia University Press, New York.
21. Arthaud J.B. Cause of death in 339 Alaskan natives as determined by autopsy. Arch. Pathol. 90:1970;433-438.
22. Maynard J.E., Hammes L.M., Kester F.E. Mortality due to heart disease among Alaskan natives,1955-1965. Public Health Rep. 82:1967;714-720.
23. Clausen J. An epidemiological and demographic study of the coronary heart deaths in Denmark, the Faroes and Greenland. Nordic Council Arctic Med. Res. Rep. 11:1974;13-28.
24. Bjerregaard P. Causes of death in Greenland 1968-1985. Arctic Med. Res. 47:1988;105-123.
25. Middaugh J.P. Cardiovascular deaths among Alaskan natives, 1980-1986. Am. J. Public Health. 80:1990;282-285.
26. Davidson M., Bulkow L.R., Gellin B.G. Cardiac mortality in Alaska's indigenous and non-native residents. Int. J. Epidemiol. 22:1993;62-71.
27. Young T.K., Moffatt M.E.K., O'Neil J.D. Cardiovascular diseases in a Canadian arctic population. Am. J. Public Health. 83:1993;881-887.
28. Bjerregaard P., Dyerberg J. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Greenland. Int. J. Epidemiol. 17:1988;514-519.
29. Kromann N., Green A. Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik district, Greenland. Acta Med. Scand. 208:1980;401-406.
30. Hansen J.P., Hancke S., Møller-Petersen J. Atherosclerosis in native Greenlanders. An ultrasonographic investigation. Arctic Med. Res. 49:1990;151-156.
31. Ingeman-Nielsen M.W. Arteriosklerose hos grønlændere [Arteriosclerosis among Greenlanders]. Ugeskr Læg. 152:1990;2641-2643.
32. Newman W.P., Middaugh J.P., Propst M.T., Rogers D.R. Atherosclerosis in Alaskan natives and non-natives. Lancet. 341:1993;1056-1057.
33. Pedersen HS. Det grønlandske obduktionsprojekt. Atherosclerose og intracerebral hæmorrhagi i relation til fedtsyresammensætningen i fedtvæv og validering af dødsårsagsmønsteret [Autopsies in Greenland. Atherosclerosis and hemorrhagic stroke in relation to the fatty acid composition of lipid tissue and a validation of the causes of death]. Thesis. Aarhus, Center for Arctic Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, 2000.
34. Hegele R.A. Genetic prediction of atherosclerosis: lessons from studies in native Canadian populations. Clin. Chim. Acta. 286:1999;47-61.
35. Hegele R.A., Tully C., Young T.K., Connelly P.W. V677 mutation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cardiovascular disease in Canadian Inuit. Lancet. 349:1997;1221-1222.
36. Hegele R.A., Young T.K., Connelly P.W. Are Canadian Inuit at increased genetic risk for coronary heart disease. J. Mol. Med. 75:1997;364-370.
37. Mandelcorn R., Connelly P.W., Boright A., Young T.K., Hegele R.A. F5 Q506 mutation and the low prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Canadian Inuit. J. Invest. Med. 46:1998;232-235.
38. Hegele R.A., Busch C.P., Young T.K., Connelly P.W., Cao H. Mannose-binding lectin gene variation and cardiovascular disease in Canadian Inuit. Clin. Chem. 45:1999;1283-1285.
39. Hegele R.A., Harris S.B., Brunt J.H., Young T.K., Hanley A.J., Zinman B., Connelly P.W. Absence of association between genetic variation in the LIPC gene promoter and plasma lipoproteins in three Canadian populations. Atherosclerosis. 146:1999;153-160.
40. Hegele R.A., Anderson C., Young T.K., Connelly P.W. G-protein beta3 subunit gene splice variant and body fat distribution in Nunavut Inuit. Genome Res. 9:1999;972-977.
41. Fanella S., Harris S.B., Young T.K., Hanley A.J., Zinman B., Connelly P.W., Hegele R.A. Association between PON1 L/M55 polymorphism and plasma lipoproteins in two Canadian aboriginal populations. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 38:2000;413-420.
42. Hegele R.A., Huff M.W., Young T.K. Common genomic variation in LMNA modulates indexes of obesity in Inuit. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:2001;2747-2751.
43. Hegele R.A., Wang J., Harris S.B., et al. Variable association between genetic variation in the CYP7 gene promoter and plasma lipoproteins in three Canadian populations. Atherosclerosis. 154:2001;579-587.
44. Bjerregaard P. Validity of Greenlandic mortality statistics. Arctic Med. Res. 42:1986;18-24.
45. Klausen I.C., Gerdes L.U., Schmidt E.B., Dyerberg J., Faergeman O. Differences in apolipoprotein (a) polymorphism in West Greenland Eskimos and Caucasian Danes. Hum. Genet. 89:1992;384-388.
46. Uhl E. Nogle undersøgelser af grønlandske levnedsmidler og kostforhold [Some investigations of Greenlandic foodstuffs and dietary conditions. In Danish with a summary in English]. 3:1955;I-II Beretninger om Grønland, Copenhagen.
47. Pars T. En kostundersøgelse-foretaget i to nordvestgrønlandske bygder: Saqqaq & Oqaatsut i 1991 [a dietary survey in two villages in northwest Greenland: Saqqaq and Oqaatsut, in 1991]. 1992;Odense University, Odense.
48. Burr M.L., Gilbert J.F., Holliday R.M., et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet. ii:1989;757-761.
49. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-prevenzione trial. Lancet. 354:1999;447-455.
50. Marckmann P., Grønbæk M. Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53:1999;585-590.
51. Albert C.M., Campos H., Stampfer M.J., Ridker P.M., Manson J.E., Willett W.C., Ma J. Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death. New Engl. J. Med. 346:2002;1113-1118.
52. Bjerregaard P., Young T.K. The circumpolar Inuit. Health of a population in transition. 1998;Munksgaard, Copenhagen.