Acetylcholine does not play a major role in mediating the endocrine responses to ghrelin, a natural ligand of the GH secretagogue receptor, in humans

Clinical Endocrinology

Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 92-98

  Broglio, Fabio ^e   Gottero, Cristina ^e   Benso, Andrea ^e   Prodam, Flavia ^e   Casanueva, Felipe F ^a   Dieguez, Carlos ^a   Van Der Lely, Aart Jan ^b   Deghenghi, Romano ^c   Arvat, Emanuela ^e   Ghigo, Ezio ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c Ardana   (France)

^d MOLINETTE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^e NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; GHRELIN; GLUCOSE; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; LIGAND; PIRENZEPINE; PROLACTIN; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; SERMORELIN; SOMATOSTATIN;

ADULT; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BODY MASS; CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM; CONTROLLED STUDY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GROWTH HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HORMONE RELEASE; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLACTIN BLOOD LEVEL;

ACETYLCHOLINE; ADULT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; DRUG INTERACTIONS; GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; LIGANDS; MALE; MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS; PEPTIDE HORMONES; PIRENZEPINE; PROLACTIN; PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE; RECEPTORS, CELL SURFACE; RECEPTORS, G-PROTEIN-COUPLED;

EID: 0037232370     PISSN: 03000664     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01680.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Ariyasu, H., Takaya, K., Tagami, T., Ogawa, Y., Hosoda, K., Akamizu, T., Suda, M., Koh, T., Natsui, K., Toyooka, S., Shirakami, G., Usui, T., Shimatsu, A., Doi, K., Hosoda, H., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K. & Nakao, K. (2001) Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelin-like immunoreactivity levels in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 4753-4758.
2. Arvat, E., Di Vito, L., Broglio, F., Papotti, M., Muccioli, G., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F.F., Deghenghi, R., Camanni, F. & Ghigo, E. (2000) Preliminary evidence that ghrelin, the natural GH secretagogue (GHS)-receptor ligand, strongly stimulates GH secretion in humans. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 23, 493-495.
3. Arvat, E., Gianotti, L., Di Vito, L., Imbimbo, B.P., Lenaerts, V., Deghenghi, R., Camanni, F. & Ghigo, E. (1995) Modulation of growth hormone-releasing activity of hexarelin in man. Neuroendocrinology, 61, 51-56.
4. Arvat, E., Maccario, M., Di Vito, L., Broglio, F., Benso, A., Gottero, C., Papotti, M., Muccioli, G., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F.F., Deghenghi, R., Camanni, F. & Ghigo, E. (2001) Endocrine activities of ghrelin, a natural growth hormone secretagogue (GHS), in humans: comparison and interactions with hexarelin, a non natural peptidyl GHS, and GH-releasing hormone. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 1-6.
5. Asakawa, A., Inui, A., Kaga, T., Yuzuriha, H., Nagata, T., Ueno, N., Makino, S., Fujimiya, M., Niijima, A., Fujino, M.A. & Kasuga, M. (2000) Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology, 120, 337-345.
6. Bercu, B.B., Weideman, C.A. & Walker, R.F. (1991) Sex differences in growth hormone (GH) secretion by rats administered GH-releasing hexapeptide. Endocrinology, 129, 2592-2598.
7. Bornstein, S.R. & Chrousos, G.P. (1999) Clinical review 104: adreno-corticotropin (ACTH)- and non-ACTH-mediated regulation of the adrenal cortex: neural and immune inputs. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 1729-1736.
8. Bowers, C.Y. (2001) Unnatural growth hormone-releasing peptide begets natural ghrelin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 1464-1469.
9. Broglio, F., Arvat, E., Benso, A., Gottero, C., Muccioli, G., Papotti, M., van der Lely, A.J., Deghenghi, R. & Ghigo, E. (2001) Ghrelin, a natural GH secretagogue produced by the stomach, induces hyperglycemia and reduces insulin secretion in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 5083-5086.
10. Broglio, F., Benso, A., Gottero, C., Prodam, F., Grottoli, S., Tassone, F., Maccario, M., Casanueva, F.F., Dieguez, C., Deghenghi, R., Ghigo, E. & Arvat, E. (2002) Effects of glucose, free fatty acids or arginine load on the GH-releasing activity of ghrelin in humans. Clinical Endocrinology, 57, 265-271.
11. Casanueva, F.F., Villanueva, L., Diaz, Y., Devesa, J., Fernandez-Cruz, A. & Schally, A.V. (1986) Atropine selectively blocks GHRH-induced GH secretion without altering LH, FSH, TSH, PRL and ACTH/cortisol secretion elicited by their specific hypothalamic releasing factors. Clinical Endocrinology, 25, 319-323.
12. Cassoni, P., Papotti, M., Ghe, C., Catapano, F., Sapino, A., Graziani, A., Deghenghi, R., Reissmann, T., Ghigo, E. & Muccioli, M. (2001) Identification, characterization, and biological activity of specific receptors for natural (ghrelin) and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues and analogs in human breast carcinomas and cell lines. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 1738-1745.
13. Ciccarelli, E., Grottoli, S., Razzore, P., Gianotti, L., Arvat, E., Deghenghi, R., Camanni, F. & Ghigo, E. (1996) Hexarelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide, stimulates prolactin secretion in acromegalic but not in hyperprolactinemia patients. Clinical Endocrinology, 44, 67-71.
14. Cryer, P. & Polonsky, K. (1998) Glucose homeostasis and hypoglycemia. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 9th edn. (ed. J.D. Wilson), pp. 939-972. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
15. Cummings, D.E., Purnell, J.Q., Frayo, R.S., Schmidova, K., Wisse, B.E. & Weigle, D.S. (2001) A preprandial rise in plasma ghrelin levels suggests a role in meal initiation in humans. Diabetes, 50, 1714-1719.
16. Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Murakami, N., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K. & Matsukura, S. (2001) Ghrelin acts in the central nervous system to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 280, 904-907.
17. Di Vito, L., Broglio, F., Benso, A., Gottero, C., Prodam, F., Papotti, M., Muccioli, G., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F.F., Deghenghi, R., Ghigo, E. & Arvat, E. (2002) The GH-releasing effect of ghrelin, a natural GH secretagogue (GHS), is only blunted by the infusion of exogenous somatostatin in humans. Clinical Endocrinology, 56, 643-648.
18. Egido, E.M., Rodriguez-Gallardo, J., Silvestre, R.A. & Marco, J. (2002) Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion. European Journal of Endocrinology, 146, 241-244.
19. Ejiri, K., Taniguchi, H. & Baba, S. (1989) Participation of nicotinic receptor in hormone release from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 6, 53-59.
20. Elias, K.A., Ingle, G.S., Burnier, J.P., Hammonds, R.G., McDowell, R.S., Rawson, T.E., Somers, T.C., Stanley, M.S. & Cronin, M.J. (1995) In vitro characterization of four novel classes of growth hormone-releasing peptide. Endocrinology, 136, 5694-5699.
21. Freeman, M.E., Kanyicska, B., Lerant, A. & Nagy, G. (2000) Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion. Physiological Reviews, 80, 1523-1631.
22. Ghigo, E., Arvat, E., Gianotti, L., Maccario, M. & Camanni, F. (1999) The regulation of growth hormone secretion. In: The Endocrine Response to Acute (Illness) - Frontiers in Hormone Research (eds R.C. Jenkins & R.J.M. Ross), pp. 152-175. Basel: Karger.
23. Ghigo, E., Arvat, E., Giordano, R., Broglio, F., Gianotti, L., Maccario, M., Bisi, G., Graziani, A., Papotti, M., Muccioli, G., Deghenghi, R. & Camanni, F. (2001) Biologic activities of growth hormone secretagogues in humans. Endocrine, 14, 87-93.
24. Giustina, A. & Veldhuis, J.D. (1998) Pathophysiology of the neuro-regulation of growth hormone secretion in experimental animals and the human. Endocrine Review, 19, 717-797.
25. Goth, M.I., Lyons, C.E., Canny, B.J. & Thorner, M.O. (1992) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide and GH-releasing hormone stimulate GH release through distinct pituitary receptors. Endocrinology, 130, 939-944.
26. Hataya, Y., Akamizu, T., Takaya, K., Kanamoto, N., Ariyasu, H., Saijo, M., Moriyama, K., Shimatsu, A., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K. & Nakao, K. (2001) A low dose of ghrelin stimulates growth hormone (GH) release synergistically with GH-releasing hormone in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 4552-4555.
27. Honey, R.N., Fallon, M.B. & Weir, G.C. (1980) Effects of exogenous insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin on islet hormone secretion in the perfused chicken pancreas. Metabolism, 29, 1242-1246.
28. Horvath, T.L., Diano, S., Sotonyi, P., Heiman, M. & Tschöp, M. (2001) Minireview: ghrelin and the regulation of energy balance - a hypothalamic perspective. Endocrinology, 142, 4163-4169.
29. Inui, A. (2001) Ghrelin: an orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach. Nature Review Neuroscience, 2, 551-560.
30. Kamegai, J., Tamura, H., Shimizu, T., Ishii, S., Sugihara, H. & Wakabayashi, I. (2000) Central effect of ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, on hypothalamic peptide gene expression. Endocrinology, 141, 4797-4800.
31. Kimura, H., Katagiri, K., Ohno, T., Harada, N., Imanishi, H., Iwasaki, M., Ito, M. & Takeuchi, T. (1982) Effect of acetylcholine and new cholinergic derivative on amylase output, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretions from perfused isolated rat pancreas. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 14, 356-360.
32. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H. & Kangawa, K. (1999) Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 402, 656-660.
33. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H. & Kangawa, K. (2001b) Purification and distribution of ghrelin: the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Hormone Research, 56, 93-97.
34. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Matsuo, H. & Kangawa, K. (2001a) Ghrelin: discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12, 118-122.
35. Korbonits, S.S., Little, J.A., Forsling, M.L., Tringali, G., Costa, A., Navarra, P., Trainer, P.J. & Grossman, A.B. (1999) The effect of growth hormone secretagogues and neuropeptide Y on hypothalamic hormone release from acute rat hypothalamic explants. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 11, 521-528.
36. Massara, F., Ghigo, E., Demislis, K., Tangolo, D., Mazza, E., Locatelli, V., Muller, E.E., Molinatti, G.M. & Camanni, F. (1986) Cholinergic involvement in the growth hormone releasing hormone-induced growth hormone release: studies in normal and acromegalic subjects. Neuroendocrinology, 43, 670-675.
37. Masuda, Y., Tanaka, T., Inomata, N., Ohnuma, N., Tanaka, S., Itoh, Z., Hosoda, H., Kojima, M. & Kangawa, K. (2000) Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, 276, 905-908.
38. Muccioli, G., Papotti, M., Locatelli, V., Ghigo, E. & Deghenghi, R. (2001) Binding of 125I-labeled ghrelin to membranes from human hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Jounal of Endocrinological Investigation, 24, RC7-9.
39. Nagaya, N., Kojima, M., Uematsu, M., Yamagishi, M., Hosoda, H., Oya, H., Hayashi, Y. & Kangawa, K. (2001b) Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 280, R1483-R1487.
40. Nagaya, N., Uematsu, M., Kojima, M., Ikeda, Y., Yoshihara, F., Shimizu, W., Hosoda, H., Hirota, Y., Ishida, H., Mori, H. & Kangawa, K. (2001a) Chronic administration of ghrelin improves left ventricular dysfunction and attenuates development of cardiac cachexia in rats with heart failure. Circulation, 104, 1430-1435.
41. Papotti, M., Ghè, P., Cassoni, P., Catapano, F., Deghenghi, R., Ghigo, E. & Muccioli, G. (2000) Growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) binding sites in peripheral human tissues. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 3803-3807.
42. Ravussin, E., Tschöp, M., Morales, S., Bouchard, C. & Heiman, M.L. (2001) Plasma ghrelin concentration and energy balance: overfeeding and negative energy balance studies in twins. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 4547-4551.
43. Reichlin, S. (1998) Neuroendocrinology. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 9th edn (ed. J.D. Wilson), pp. 165-248. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
44. Renner, U., Brockmeier, S., Strasburger, C.J., Lange, M., Schopohl, J., Muller, O.A., von Werder, K. & Stalla, G.K. (1994) Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide stimulation of GH release from human somatotroph adenoma cells: interaction with GH-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and octreotide. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78, 1090-1096.
45. Richardson, S.B., Hollander, C.S., D'Eletto, R., Greenleaf, P.W. & Thaw, C. (1980) Acetylcholine inhibits the release of somatostatin from rat hypothalamusin vitro. Endocrinology, 107, 122-129.
46. Ross, R.J., Tsagarakis, S., Grossman, A., Nhagafoong, L., Touzel, R.J., Rees, L.H. & Besser, G.M. (1987) GH feedback occurs through modulation of hypothalamic somatostatin under cholinergic control: studies with pyridostigmine and GHRH. Clinical Endocrinology, 27, 727-733.
47. Satin, L.S. & Kinard, T.A. (1998) Neurotransmitters and their receptors in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas: what messages do acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA transmit? Endocrine, 8, 213-223.
48. Schusdziarra, V., Stapelfeldt, W., Klier, M. & Pfeiffer, E.F. (1982) Effect of acetylcholine on the release of pancreatic and gastric somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in normal, chemically sympathectomized and indomethacin-treated dogs. Hepatogastroenterology, 29, 153-156.
49. Smith, R.G., van der Ploeg, L.X.T. & Howard, A.D. (1997) Peptidomimetic regulation of growth hormone secretion. Endocrine Review, 18, 621-645.
50. Takaya, K., Ariyasu, H., Kanamoto, N., Iwakura, H., Yoshimoto, A., Harada, M., Mori, K., Komatsu, Y., Takeshi, U., Shimatsu, A., Ogawa, Y., Hosoda, K., Akamizu, T., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K. & Nakao, K. (2000) Ghrelin strongly stimulates growth hormone (GH) release in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 4908-4911.
51. Tannenbaum, G.S. & Bowers, C.Y. (2001) Interactions of growth hormone secretagogues and growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatostatin. Endocrine, 14, 21-27.
52. Thomas, G.B., Fairhall, K.M. & Robinson, I.C.A.F. (1997) Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, GH-releasing peptide-6, in rats. Endocrinology, 138, 1585-1591.
53. Tschöp, M., Smiley, D.L. & Heiman, M.L. (2000) Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature, 407, 908-913.
54. Tschöp, M., Wawarta, R., Riepl, R.L., Friedrich, S., Bidlingmaier, M., Landgraf, R. & Folwaczny, C. (2001a) Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels. Jounal of Endocrinolological Investigation, 24, RC19-21.
55. Tschöp, M., Weyer, C., Tataranni, P.A., Devanarayan, V., Ravussin, E. & Heiman, M.L. (2001b) Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity. Diabetes, 50, 707-709.
56. Verchere, C.B., Kwok, Y.N. & Brown, J.C. (1992) Stimulus-specific inhibition of insulin release from rat pancreas by both rat and porcine galanin. Life Science, 51, 1945-1951.
57. Volante, M., Allìa, E., Gugliotta, P., Funaro, A., Broglio, F., Deghenghi, R., Muccioli, G., Ghigo, E. & Papotti, M. (2001) Expression of ghrelin and of GH secretagogue receptor by pancreatic islet cells and related endocrine tumors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 87, 1300-1308.
58. Zhang, W., Chen, M., Chen, X., Segura, B.J. & Mulholland, M.W. (2001) Inhibition of pancreatic protein secretion by ghrelin in the rat. Journal of Physiology, 537, 231-236.