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note
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We use a simplified model to understand stabilization of the leaving group alkoxide ion substituent. Several studies have suggested that substituents in nonconjugated systems exert their effects predominantly through space rather than through the bonded chain (see, for example, ref 25 and references therein), so that consideration of substituents as attached dipoles, as in Scheme 1, may provide a reasonable representation. This approximation is useful conceptually for the treatment presented in the text. but it is not required for the conclusions that are drawn. For instance, for conjugated systems, resonance effects are likely important.
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2142753319
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note
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2) = 16.8 kcal/mol (at 298 K).
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2142770523
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note
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The free-energy reaction profile is grossly simplified, with only one coordinate depicting the reaction progress.
-
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57
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-
2142817416
-
-
note
-
The attached alkyl group of the phosphate ester is ignored in this treatment. This is because the phosphate ester can vary in differential solubility in water versus DMSO depending on the alkyl group used, but this alkyl chain is, to a reasonable approximation, unchanged in going from the ground state to the transition state. As we are focused on reactivity, we do not consider this portion of the phosphate ester.
-
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60
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2142828795
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note
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2) = 20.6 kcal/mol (at 298 K).
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2142652398
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note
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(a) Trifluoroethyl phosphate was also an outlier in a previous linear freeenergy relationship of a series of alkyl phosphates (see ref 44b and references therein).
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-
-
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