Portal dose image verification: Formalism and application of the collapsed cone superposition method

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 47, Issue 24, 2002, Pages 4371-4387

  Dahlgren, Christina Vallhagen ^a,b   Ahnesjö, Anders ^a   Montelius, Anders ^b   Rikner, Göran ^b  

^a MDS Inc   (Canada)

^b UPPSALA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DETECTORS; MONTE CARLO METHODS;

PORTAL DOSE IMAGE VERIFICATION;

MEDICAL IMAGING;

ACCURACY; CALIBRATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVICE; DOSE CALCULATION; DOSIMETRY; GEOMETRY; IMAGING SYSTEM; METHODOLOGY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION DETECTOR; RADIOTHERAPY; REVIEW; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 0037153944     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/47/24/305     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Ahnesjö A 1989 Collapsed cone convolution of radiant energy for photon dose calculation in heterogeneous media Med. Phys. 16 577-92
2. Ahnesjö A and Aspradakis M M 1999 Dose calculations for external photon beams in radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 44 R99-155
3. Ahnesjö A, Saxner M and Thorslund I 2000 Modelling of photon beam spectral variations The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, XIII ICCR (Heidelberg, Germany) ed W Schlegel and T Bortfeld (Heidelberg: Springer) pp 277-8
4. Ahnesjö A and Trepp A 1991 Acquisition of the effective lateral energy fluence distribution for photon beam dose calculations by convolution modules Phys. Med. Biol. 36 973-85
5. Boellaard R, Essers M, van Herk M and Mijnheer B J 1998a New method to obtain the midplane dose using portal in vivo dosimetry Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 41 465-74
6. Boellaard R, van Herk M and Mijnheer B J 1996 The dose response relationship of a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device Med. Phys. 23 1601-11
7. Boellaard R, van Herk M and Mijnheer B J 1997 A convolution model to convert transmission dose images to exit dose distributions Med. Phys. 24 189-99
8. Boellaard R, van Herk M, Uiterwaal H and Mijnheer B 1998b First clinical tests using a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device and a convolution model for the verification of the midplane dose Radiother. Oncol. 47 303-12
9. Chang J, Mageras G, Chui C, Ling C and Lutz W 2000 Relative profile and dose verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 47 231-40
10. Chang J, Mageras G S, Ling C C and Lutz W 2001 An iterative EPID calibration procedure for dosimetric verification that considered the EPID scattering factor Med. Phys. 28 2247-57
11. Dahl T 2000 Dosimetri ved bruk av en elektronisk multi-element strålefelt-detektor for bruk i stråleterapi MSc Thesis NTNU Trondheim (in Norwegian)
12. de Boer J, Heijmen B, Pasma K and Visser A 2000 Characterization of a high-elbow, fluoroscopic electronic portal imaging device for portal dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 45 197-216
13. Dutreix A, Bjärngard B, Bridier A, Mijnheer B, Shaw J and Svensson H 1997 Monitor unit calculation for high energy photon beams Physics for Clinical Radiotherapy, Booklet No 3 (Leuven/Apeldoorn: Garant)
14. Eilertsen K 2002 Personal communication
15. Essers M, Hoogervorst B R, van Herk M, Lanson H and Mijnheer B J 1995 Dosimetric characteristics of a liquid-filled electronic portal imaging device Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 33 1265-72
16. Essers M and Mijnheer B J 1999 In vivo dosimetry during external photon beam radiotherapy Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 43 245-59
17. Glendinning A and Bonnett D 2000 Dosimetric properties of the Theraview fluoroscopic electronic portal imaging device Br. J. Radiol. 73 517-30
18. Hansen V N 1997 Electronic portal imaging for dosimetric purposes PhD Thesis University of London
19. Hansen V N, Evans P M and Swindell W 1996 The application of transit dosimetry to precision radiotherapy Med. Phys. 23 713-21
20. Heijmen B J, Pasma K L, Kroonwijk M, Althof V G, de Boer J C, Visser A G and Huizenga H 1995 Portal dose measurement in radiotherapy using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) Phys. Med. Biol. 40 1943-55
21. Herman M G, Balter J M, Jaffray D A, McGee K P, Munro P, Shalev S, Van Herk M and Wong J W 2001 Clinical use of electronic portal imaging: report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 58 Med. Phys. 28 712-37
22. Johansson K-A, Karlsson R and Thilander A 1987 A small cylindric air ionization chamber with watertight protection, Type RK 83-05 GU-RADFYS 87:13 Department of Radiation Physics, University of Göteborg
23. Keall P and Hoban P 1995 Accounting for primary electron scatter in x-ray beam convolution calculations Med. Phys. 22 1413-8
24. Kroonwijk M, Pasma K L, Quint S, Koper P C, Visser A G and Heijmen B J 1998 In vivo dosimetry for prostate cancer patients using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID); demonstration of internal organ motion Radiother. Oncol. 49 125-32
25. Low D A, Harms W B, Mutic S and Purdy J A 1998 A technique for the quantitative evaluation of dose distributions Med. Phys. 25 656-61
26. McCurdy B and Pistorius S 2000 Photon scatter in portal images: accuracy of a fluence based pencil beam superposition algorithm Med. Phys. 27 913-22
27. McNutt T R, Mackie T R and Paliwal B R 1997 Analysis and convergence of the iterative convolution/superposition dose reconstruction technique for multiple treatment beams and tomotherapy Med. Phys. 24 1465-76
28. McNutt T R, Mackie T R, Reckwerdt P and Paliwal B R 1996a Modeling dose distributions from portal dose images using the convolution/superposition method Med. Phys. 23 1381-92
29. McNutt T R, Mackie T R, Reckwerdt P, Papanikolaou N and Paliwal B R 1996b Calculation of portal dose using the convolution/superposition method Med. Phys. 23 527-35
30. Mohan R and Chen C 1985 Energy and angular distributions of photons from medical linear accelerators Med. Phys. 12 592-7
31. Nelson W R, Hirayama H and Rogers D W O 1985 The EGS4 code system Stanford Linear Accelerator Report SLAC 265
32. Ozard S and Grein E 2001 Analytical calculation of the portal scatter to primary dose ratio: an EGS4 Monte Carlo and experimental validation at large air gaps Phys. Med. Biol. 46 1719-36
33. Pasma K L, Dirkx M L, Kroonwijk M, Visser A G and Heijmen B J 1999a Dosimetric verification of intensity modulated beams produced with dynamic multileaf collimation using an electronic portal imaging device Med. Phys. 26 2373-8
34. Pasma K L, Heijmen B J M, Kroonwijk M and Visser A G 1998a Portal dose image (PDI) prediction for dosimetric treatment verification in radiotherapy: 1. An algorithm for open beams Med. Phys. 25 830-40
35. Pasma K L, Kroonwijk M, de Boer J C J, Visser A G and Heijmen B J M 1998b Accurate portal dose measurement with a fluoroscopic electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for open and wedged beams and dynamic multileaf collimation Phys. Med. Biol. 43 2047-60
36. Pasma K L, Kroonwijk M, van Dieren E B, Visser A G and Heijmen B J 1999b Verification of compensator thicknesses using a fluoroscopic electronic portal imaging device Med. Phys. 26 1524-9
37. Rikner G and Grusell E 1983 Effects of radiation damage on p-type silicon detectors Phys. Med. Biol. 28 1261-7
38. Spezi E and Lewis D G 2002 Full forward Monte Carlo calculation of portal dose from MLC collimated treatment beams Phys. Med. Biol. 47 377-90
39. SSI 2000 The Swedish Radiation Protection Institute's regulations on radiation therapy SSI FS 2000:4 Swedish Radiation Protection Authority
40. Stucchi P, Conte L, Mordacchini C, Bianchi C, Monciardini M, Novario R and Casani E 1995 The use of an electronic portal imaging device for exit dosimetry [ESTRO abstract] Radiother. Oncol. 37 (Suppl 1) S21
41. Tailor R C, Tello V M, Schroy C B, Vossler M and Hanson W F 1998 A generic off-axis energy correction for linac photon beam dosimetry Med. Phys. 25 662-7
42. van Herk M 1991 Physical aspects of a liquid-filled ionization chamber with pulsed polarizing voltage Med. Phys. 18 692-702
43. van Herk M and Meertens H 1988 A matrix ionisation chamber imaging device for online patient setup verification during radiotherapy Radiother. Oncol. 11 369-78
44. Woo M K, Cunningham J R and Jezioranski J J 1990 Extending the concept of primary and scatter separation to the condition of electronic disequilibrium Med. Phys. 17 588-95
45. Yeboah C and Pistorius S 2000 Monte Carlo studies of the exit photon spectra and dose to a metal/phosphor portal imaging screen Med. Phys. 27 330-9
46. Ying X G, Geer L Y and Wong J W 1990 Portal dose images. II: Patient dose estimation Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 18 1465-75