RuII complexes of "large-surface" ligands

Angewandte Chemie - International Edition

Volumn 41, Issue 21, 2002, Pages 4022-4026

  Glazer, Edith C ^a   Tor, Yitzhak ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bridging ligands; Dehydrogenation; Ligand design; N ligands; Ruthenium

Indexed keywords

DEHYDROGENATION;

LIGANDS;

RUTHENIUM COMPOUNDS;

LIGAND; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; RUTHENIUM COMPLEX; RUBIDIUM;

ARTICLE; COMPLEX FORMATION; HYDROGENATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REACTION ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; MACROMOLECULE; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; SPECTROSCOPY;

LIGANDS; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; RUBIDIUM; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS;

EID: 0037020554     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20021104)41:21<4022::AID-ANIE4022>3.0.CO;2-1     Document Type: Article

References (69)

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2. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
3. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
4. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
5. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
6. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
7. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
8. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
9. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
10. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
11. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
12. For a review on bipyridine ligands, see: C. Kaes, A. Katz, M. W. Hosseini, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 3553-3590. For a review on 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, see: P. G. Sammes, G. Yahioglu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 327-334. For selected examples of modified polypyridine ligands, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 6017-6020; S. Toyota, C. R. Woods, M. Benaglia, J. S. Siegel, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 2697-2700; G. Chelucci, R. P. Thummel, Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 1665-1669; F. Wu, E. Riesgo, A. Pavalova, R. A. Kipp, R. H. Schmehl, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 5620-5628; A. Juris, L. Prodi, A. Harriman, R. Ziessel, M. Hissler, A. El-ghayoury, F. Wu, E. C. Riesgo, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3590-3598; M. Benaglia, F. Ponzini, C. R. Woods, J. S. Siegel, Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 967-969; J. C. Loren, J. S. Siegel, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 776-779; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 754-757; F. Wu, R. P. Thummel, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2002, 327, 26-30.
13. The majority of complexes that contain extended polypyridine ligands are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, where condensation chemistry facilitates extension along the short axis of the molecule. A commonly used extended ligand is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). For the original synthesis of dppz, see: J. E. Dickeson, L. A. Summers, Aust. J. Chem. 1970, 23, 1023-1027. For a variety of modified dppz derivatives, see: M. Yamada, Y. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimoto, S. Kuroda, I. Shimao, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65, 1006-1011; M. R. Waterland, K. C. Gordon, J. J. McGarvey, M. Jayaweera, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1998, 609-616; N. Komatsuzaki, R. Katoh, Y. Himeda, H. Sugihara, H. Arakawa, K. Kasuga, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 3053-3054; C.-W. Jiang, H. Chao, R.-H. Li, H. Li, L.-N. Ji, Polyhedron 2001, 20, 2187-2193.
14. The majority of complexes that contain extended polypyridine ligands are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, where condensation chemistry facilitates extension along the short axis of the molecule. A commonly used extended ligand is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). For the original synthesis of dppz, see: J. E. Dickeson, L. A. Summers, Aust. J. Chem. 1970, 23, 1023-1027. For a variety of modified dppz derivatives, see: M. Yamada, Y. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimoto, S. Kuroda, I. Shimao, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65, 1006-1011; M. R. Waterland, K. C. Gordon, J. J. McGarvey, M. Jayaweera, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1998, 609-616; N. Komatsuzaki, R. Katoh, Y. Himeda, H. Sugihara, H. Arakawa, K. Kasuga, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 3053-3054; C.-W. Jiang, H. Chao, R.-H. Li, H. Li, L.-N. Ji, Polyhedron 2001, 20, 2187-2193.
15. The majority of complexes that contain extended polypyridine ligands are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, where condensation chemistry facilitates extension along the short axis of the molecule. A commonly used extended ligand is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). For the original synthesis of dppz, see: J. E. Dickeson, L. A. Summers, Aust. J. Chem. 1970, 23, 1023-1027. For a variety of modified dppz derivatives, see: M. Yamada, Y. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimoto, S. Kuroda, I. Shimao, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65, 1006-1011; M. R. Waterland, K. C. Gordon, J. J. McGarvey, M. Jayaweera, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1998, 609-616; N. Komatsuzaki, R. Katoh, Y. Himeda, H. Sugihara, H. Arakawa, K. Kasuga, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 3053-3054; C.-W. Jiang, H. Chao, R.-H. Li, H. Li, L.-N. Ji, Polyhedron 2001, 20, 2187-2193.
16. The majority of complexes that contain extended polypyridine ligands are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, where condensation chemistry facilitates extension along the short axis of the molecule. A commonly used extended ligand is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). For the original synthesis of dppz, see: J. E. Dickeson, L. A. Summers, Aust. J. Chem. 1970, 23, 1023-1027. For a variety of modified dppz derivatives, see: M. Yamada, Y. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimoto, S. Kuroda, I. Shimao, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65, 1006-1011; M. R. Waterland, K. C. Gordon, J. J. McGarvey, M. Jayaweera, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1998, 609-616; N. Komatsuzaki, R. Katoh, Y. Himeda, H. Sugihara, H. Arakawa, K. Kasuga, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 3053-3054; C.-W. Jiang, H. Chao, R.-H. Li, H. Li, L.-N. Ji, Polyhedron 2001, 20, 2187-2193.
17. The majority of complexes that contain extended polypyridine ligands are derived from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, where condensation chemistry facilitates extension along the short axis of the molecule. A commonly used extended ligand is dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz). For the original synthesis of dppz, see: J. E. Dickeson, L. A. Summers, Aust. J. Chem. 1970, 23, 1023-1027. For a variety of modified dppz derivatives, see: M. Yamada, Y. Tanaka, Y. Yoshimoto, S. Kuroda, I. Shimao, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992, 65, 1006-1011; M. R. Waterland, K. C. Gordon, J. J. McGarvey, M. Jayaweera, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1998, 609-616; N. Komatsuzaki, R. Katoh, Y. Himeda, H. Sugihara, H. Arakawa, K. Kasuga, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 2000, 3053-3054; C.-W. Jiang, H. Chao, R.-H. Li, H. Li, L.-N. Ji, Polyhedron 2001, 20, 2187-2193.
18. For a review, see: K. E. Erkkila, D. T. Odom, J. K. Barton, Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2777-2795.
19. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
20. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
21. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
22. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
23. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
24. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
25. For selected examples, see: A. E. Friedman, J. C. Chambron, J.-P. Sauvage, N. J. Turro, J. K. Barton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4960-4962; B. Onfelt, P. Lincoln, B. Norden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10846-10847; G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola, M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1171-1172; R. E. Holmlin, J. A. Yao, J. K. Barton, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 174-189; R. Lopez, A. M. Leiva, F. Zuloaga, B. Loeb, E. Norambuena, K. M. Omberg, J. R. Schoonover, D. Striplin, M. Devenney, T. J. Meyer, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 2924-2930; S. Arounaguiri, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 1999,38, 842-843; A. Ambroise, B. G. Maiya, Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 4256-4263.
26. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
27. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
28. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
29. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
30. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
31. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
32. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
33. For other contributions illustrating our "coordination compounds as synthetic building blocks" approach, see: D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1043-1044; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 852-853; D. Tzalis, Y. Tor, Angew. Chem. 1997, 109, 2781-2783; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 2666-2668; P. J. Connors, Jr., D. Tzalis, A. L. Dunnick, Y. Tor, Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1121-1123; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2194-2195; D. J. Hurley, J. R. Roppe, Y. Tor, Chem. Commun. 1999, 993-994; D. J. Hurley, Y. Tor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2001, 42, 7217-7220.
34. 12] reacts with pyridine to give a new dinuclear complex that contains one bipyridine and one pyridine group, both N-coordinated as well as ortho-metallated, in 12% overall yield. Note that this transformation leads to a substantial skeletal rearrangement where the metal centers are directly involved in C-C bond formation. Elegant examples of template-directed assembly, where metal coordination is utilized to bring a defined number of reactive building blocks to sufficient proximity, have been reported by Sanders (H. L. Anderson, J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1478-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1400-1403; D. W. J. McCallien, J. K. M. Sanders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6611-6612) and others (E. C. Constable, Metals and Ligand Reactivity, An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, pp. 135-182). Note that these contributions are conceptually different from the approach reported here, where we are utilizing the characteristics of the metal center to drive a reaction at a distant site, rather than taking advantage of local electronic modulation to effect a proximal bond formation, or exploiting a ligand-based template effect.
35. 12] reacts with pyridine to give a new dinuclear complex that contains one bipyridine and one pyridine group, both N-coordinated as well as ortho-metallated, in 12% overall yield. Note that this transformation leads to a substantial skeletal rearrangement where the metal centers are directly involved in C-C bond formation. Elegant examples of template-directed assembly, where metal coordination is utilized to bring a defined number of reactive building blocks to sufficient proximity, have been reported by Sanders (H. L. Anderson, J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1478-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1400-1403; D. W. J. McCallien, J. K. M. Sanders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6611-6612) and others (E. C. Constable, Metals and Ligand Reactivity, An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, pp. 135-182). Note that these contributions are conceptually different from the approach reported here, where we are utilizing the characteristics of the metal center to drive a reaction at a distant site, rather than taking advantage of local electronic modulation to effect a proximal bond formation, or exploiting a ligand-based template effect.
36. 12] reacts with pyridine to give a new dinuclear complex that contains one bipyridine and one pyridine group, both N-coordinated as well as ortho-metallated, in 12% overall yield. Note that this transformation leads to a substantial skeletal rearrangement where the metal centers are directly involved in C-C bond formation. Elegant examples of template-directed assembly, where metal coordination is utilized to bring a defined number of reactive building blocks to sufficient proximity, have been reported by Sanders (H. L. Anderson, J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1478-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1400-1403; D. W. J. McCallien, J. K. M. Sanders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6611-6612) and others (E. C. Constable, Metals and Ligand Reactivity, An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, pp. 135-182). Note that these contributions are conceptually different from the approach reported here, where we are utilizing the characteristics of the metal center to drive a reaction at a distant site, rather than taking advantage of local electronic modulation to effect a proximal bond formation, or exploiting a ligand-based template effect.
37. 12] reacts with pyridine to give a new dinuclear complex that contains one bipyridine and one pyridine group, both N-coordinated as well as ortho-metallated, in 12% overall yield. Note that this transformation leads to a substantial skeletal rearrangement where the metal centers are directly involved in C-C bond formation. Elegant examples of template-directed assembly, where metal coordination is utilized to bring a defined number of reactive building blocks to sufficient proximity, have been reported by Sanders (H. L. Anderson, J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1478-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1400-1403; D. W. J. McCallien, J. K. M. Sanders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6611-6612) and others (E. C. Constable, Metals and Ligand Reactivity, An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, pp. 135-182). Note that these contributions are conceptually different from the approach reported here, where we are utilizing the characteristics of the metal center to drive a reaction at a distant site, rather than taking advantage of local electronic modulation to effect a proximal bond formation, or exploiting a ligand-based template effect.
38. 12] reacts with pyridine to give a new dinuclear complex that contains one bipyridine and one pyridine group, both N-coordinated as well as ortho-metallated, in 12% overall yield. Note that this transformation leads to a substantial skeletal rearrangement where the metal centers are directly involved in C-C bond formation. Elegant examples of template-directed assembly, where metal coordination is utilized to bring a defined number of reactive building blocks to sufficient proximity, have been reported by Sanders (H. L. Anderson, J. K. M. Sanders, Angew. Chem. 1990, 102, 1478-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1990, 29, 1400-1403; D. W. J. McCallien, J. K. M. Sanders, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6611-6612) and others (E. C. Constable, Metals and Ligand Reactivity, An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Metal Complexes, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, pp. 135-182). Note that these contributions are conceptually different from the approach reported here, where we are utilizing the characteristics of the metal center to drive a reaction at a distant site, rather than taking advantage of local electronic modulation to effect a proximal bond formation, or exploiting a ligand-based template effect.
39. While direct synthesis of large-surface ligands followed by metal coordination can provide an alternative scheme, the synthesis of sophisticated chelating heterocycles is often a multistep and lowyielding process.
40. Previously determined crystal structures of the complex have shown that the biisoquinoline ligand is nonplanar because of steric interactions between H8 and H8′. M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 3803-4809; M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4801-4809; M. T. Ashby, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2000-2007.
41. Previously determined crystal structures of the complex have shown that the biisoquinoline ligand is nonplanar because of steric interactions between H8 and H8′. M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 3803-4809; M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4801-4809; M. T. Ashby, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2000-2007.
42. Previously determined crystal structures of the complex have shown that the biisoquinoline ligand is nonplanar because of steric interactions between H8 and H8′. M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 3803-4809; M. T. Ashby, G. N. Govindan, A. K. Grafton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4801-4809; M. T. Ashby, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 2000-2007.
43. See Supporting Information for additional experimental details.
44. 2] complexes. See reference [9].
45. 1/2 = 400 mV for the ferroceneferrocenium couple, as suggested in N. G. Connelly, W. E. Geiger, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 877-910.
46. 2] using standard procedures to give 2 (see Supporting Information).
47. A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, D. Gut, F. Lellouche, M. Kol, Chem. Commun. 1997, 17-18; D. Gut, A. Rudi, J. Kopilov, I. Goldberg, M. Kol, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5449-5456.
48. A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, D. Gut, F. Lellouche, M. Kol, Chem. Commun. 1997, 17-18; D. Gut, A. Rudi, J. Kopilov, I. Goldberg, M. Kol, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 5449-5456.
49. For the isolation of eilatin, see: A. Rudi, Y. Benayahu, I. Goldberg, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 6655-6656. For the total synthesis of eilatin, see: G. Gellerman, M. Babad, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1827-1830; S. Nakahara, Y. Tanaka, A. Kubo, Heterocycles, 1993, 36, 1139-1144; G. Gellerman, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 12959-12972.
50. For the isolation of eilatin, see: A. Rudi, Y. Benayahu, I. Goldberg, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 6655-6656. For the total synthesis of eilatin, see: G. Gellerman, M. Babad, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1827-1830; S. Nakahara, Y. Tanaka, A. Kubo, Heterocycles, 1993, 36, 1139-1144; G. Gellerman, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 12959-12972.
51. For the isolation of eilatin, see: A. Rudi, Y. Benayahu, I. Goldberg, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 6655-6656. For the total synthesis of eilatin, see: G. Gellerman, M. Babad, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1827-1830; S. Nakahara, Y. Tanaka, A. Kubo, Heterocycles, 1993, 36, 1139-1144; G. Gellerman, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 12959-12972.
52. For the isolation of eilatin, see: A. Rudi, Y. Benayahu, I. Goldberg, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 6655-6656. For the total synthesis of eilatin, see: G. Gellerman, M. Babad, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 1827-1830; S. Nakahara, Y. Tanaka, A. Kubo, Heterocycles, 1993, 36, 1139-1144; G. Gellerman, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 12959-12972.
53. N. W. Luedtke, J. S. Hwang, E. C. Glazer, D. Gut, M. Kol, Y. Tor, ChemBioChem 2002, 3, 766-771. Note that in addition to its anti-HIV activity, complex 4 binds viral RNA sequences and other nucleic acids.
54. Other biological activities have been attributed to eilatin, see: L. A. McDonald, G. S. Eldredge, L. R. Barrows, C. M. Ireland, J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3819-3827; M. Einat, M. Lishner, A. Amiel, A. Nagler, S. Yarkoni, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, D. Markel, I. Fabian, Exp. Hematol. 1995, 23, 1439-1444; M. Einat, A. Nagler, A. Amiel, M. D. Fejgin, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, I. Fabian, Leuk. Res. 1996, 20, 751-759.
55. Other biological activities have been attributed to eilatin, see: L. A. McDonald, G. S. Eldredge, L. R. Barrows, C. M. Ireland, J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3819-3827; M. Einat, M. Lishner, A. Amiel, A. Nagler, S. Yarkoni, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, D. Markel, I. Fabian, Exp. Hematol. 1995, 23, 1439-1444; M. Einat, A. Nagler, A. Amiel, M. D. Fejgin, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, I. Fabian, Leuk. Res. 1996, 20, 751-759.
56. Other biological activities have been attributed to eilatin, see: L. A. McDonald, G. S. Eldredge, L. R. Barrows, C. M. Ireland, J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 3819-3827; M. Einat, M. Lishner, A. Amiel, A. Nagler, S. Yarkoni, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, D. Markel, I. Fabian, Exp. Hematol. 1995, 23, 1439-1444; M. Einat, A. Nagler, A. Amiel, M. D. Fejgin, A. Rudi, Y. Kashman, I. Fabian, Leuk. Res. 1996, 20, 751-759.
57. 1/2 = 1.00 V. See: M. N. Ackermann, L. V. Interrante, Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 3904-3911.
58. 1/2 = 1.00 V. See: M. N. Ackermann, L. V. Interrante, Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 3904-3911.
59. J. J. Li, G. W. Gribble, Palladium in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Elsevier Science, Oxford, 2000.
60. N. A. P. Kane-Maguire, J. F. Wheeler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 216-217, 145-162; L.-N. Ji, X.-H. Zou, J.-G. Liu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 216-217, 513-536.
61. N. A. P. Kane-Maguire, J. F. Wheeler, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 216-217, 145-162; L.-N. Ji, X.-H. Zou, J.-G. Liu, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 216-217, 513-536.
62. Since metal complexation and dehydrogenation both take place at elevated temperature in ethylene glycol, it is feasible to execute both steps as a "one-pot" transformation. Typical overall yields for the two-step transformation (that is, metal coordination followed by dehydrogenation) are approximately 50%.
63. III forms (see Supporting Information).
64. J.-P. Sauvage, J.-P. Collin, J.-C. Chambron, S. Guillerez, C. Coudret, V. Balzani, F. Barigelletti, L. De Cola, L. Flamigni, Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 993-1019; V. Balzani, A. Juris, M. Venturi, S. Campagna, S. Serroni, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 759-833; F. R. Keene, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997, 166, 121-159; M. D. Ward, F. Barigelletti, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 276-217, 127-154.
65. J.-P. Sauvage, J.-P. Collin, J.-C. Chambron, S. Guillerez, C. Coudret, V. Balzani, F. Barigelletti, L. De Cola, L. Flamigni, Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 993-1019; V. Balzani, A. Juris, M. Venturi, S. Campagna, S. Serroni, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 759-833; F. R. Keene, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997, 166, 121-159; M. D. Ward, F. Barigelletti, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 276-217, 127-154.
66. J.-P. Sauvage, J.-P. Collin, J.-C. Chambron, S. Guillerez, C. Coudret, V. Balzani, F. Barigelletti, L. De Cola, L. Flamigni, Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 993-1019; V. Balzani, A. Juris, M. Venturi, S. Campagna, S. Serroni, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 759-833; F. R. Keene, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997, 166, 121-159; M. D. Ward, F. Barigelletti, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 276-217, 127-154.
67. J.-P. Sauvage, J.-P. Collin, J.-C. Chambron, S. Guillerez, C. Coudret, V. Balzani, F. Barigelletti, L. De Cola, L. Flamigni, Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 993-1019; V. Balzani, A. Juris, M. Venturi, S. Campagna, S. Serroni, Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 759-833; F. R. Keene, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997, 166, 121-159; M. D. Ward, F. Barigelletti, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2001, 216-217, 127-154.
68. The overall yield for the two steps is 30%.
69. It is likely that a thermodynamic impetus to redirect the "misdirected" metal-ligand bonds in the unfused precursors contributes to the driving force of these transformations. See ref. [9] for a discussion regarding the bonding in the fluxional unfused complex 1.