Mapping vocal communication pathways in birds with inducible gene expression

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology

Volumn 188, Issue 11-12, 2002, Pages 943-959

  Mello, C V ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Birdsong; Learning; Neural plasticity; zenk; Zif 268

Indexed keywords

DNA BINDING PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; AUDITORY NERVOUS SYSTEM; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFERENCE PAPER; CYTOLOGY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEOSTRIATUM; ONCOGENE; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY; SONGBIRD; SOUND DETECTION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; VOICE;

ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; ANIMALS; AUDITORY PATHWAYS; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENES, FOS; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEOSTRIATUM; SONGBIRDS; SOUND SPECTROGRAPHY; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; VOICE;

EID: 0036998949     PISSN: 03407594     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-002-0347-1     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (153)

1. Abraham WC, Mason SE, Demmer J, Williams JM, Richardson CL, Tate WP, Lawlor PA, Dragunow M (1993) Correlations between immediate early gene induction and the persistence of long-term potentiation. Neuroscience 56:717-727
2. Aldridge JW, Berridge KC (1998) Coding of serial order by neostriatal neurons: a "natural action" approach to movement sequence. J Neurosci 18:2777-2787
3. Ang CW-Y (2001) Emerging auditory selectivity in the caudomedial neostriatum of the zebra finch songbird. PhD Thesis, The Rockefeller University, New York
4. Ball G, Balthazart J (2001) Ethological concepts revisited: immediate early gene induction in response to sexual stimuli in birds. Brain Behav Evol 57:252-270
5. Ball GF, Tlemcani O, Balthazart J (1997) Induction of the Zenk protein after sexual interactions in male Japanese quail. Neuroreport 8:2965-2970
6. Bankes SC, Margoliash D (1993) Parametric modeling of the temporal dynamics of neuronal responses using connectionist architectures. J Neurophysiol 69:980-991
7. Baptista LF, Schuchmann KL (1990) Song learning in the Anna hummingbird (Calypte anna). Ethology 84:15-26
8. Bartel DP, Sheng M, Lau LF, Greenberg ME (1989) Growth factors and membrane depolarization activate distinct programs of early response gene expression: dissociation of fos and jun induction. Genes Dev 3:304-313
9. Benowitz LI, Karten HJ (1976) Organization of the tectofugal visual pathway in the pigeon: a retrograde transport study. J Comp Neurol 167:503-520
10. Bolhuis JJ, Zijlstra GG, Boer-Visser AM den , Van Der Zee EA (2000) Localized neuronal activation in the zebra finch brain is related to the strength of song learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:2282-2285
11. Bonke BA, Bonke D, Scheich H (1979a) Connectivity of the auditory forebrain nuclei in the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Cell Tissue Res 200:101-121
12. Bonke BA, Scheich H, Langner G (1979b) Responsiveness of units in the auditory neostriatum of the guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to species-specific calls and synthetic stimuli. I. Tonotopy and functional zones of field L. J Comp Physiol 132:243-255
13. Bottjer SW, Miesner EA, Arnold AP (1984) Forebrain lesions disrupt development but not maintenance of song in passerine birds. Science 224:901-903
14. Bottjer SW, Halsema KA, Brown SA, Miesner EA (1989) Axonal connections of a forebrain nucleus involved with vocal learning in zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 279:312-326
15. Braun K, Scheich H, Heizmann CW, Hunziker W (1991) Parvalbumin and calbindin-D28 K immunoreactivity as developmental markers of auditory and vocal motor nuclei of the zebra finch. Neuroscience 40:853-869
16. Brauth SE, McHale CM, Brasher CA, Dooling RJ (1987) Auditory pathways in the budgerigar. I. Thalamo-telencephalic projections. Brain Behav Evol 30:174-199
17. Brauth SE, Heaton JT, Durand SE, Liang W, Hall WS (1994) Functional anatomy of forebrain auditory pathways in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Brain Behav Evol 44:210-233
18. Brauth SE, Heaton JT, Shea SD, Durand SE, Hall WS (1997) Functional anatomy of forebrain vocal control pathways in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Ann N Y Acad Sci 807:368-385
19. Brenowitz EA (1997) Comparative approaches to the avian song system. J Neurobiol 33:517-531
20. Brenowitz EA, Margoliash D, Nordeen KW (1997) The neurobiology of birdsong. J Neurobiol 33 (special issue)
21. Cecchi GA, Ribeiro S, Mello CV, Magnasco MO (1999) An automated system for the mapping and quantitative analysis of immunocytochemistry of an inducible nuclear protein. J Neurosci Methods 87:147-158
22. Chaudhuri A (1997) Neural activity mapping with inducible transcription factors. Neuroreport 8:iii-vii
23. Chew SJ, Mello C, Nottebohm F, Jarvis E, Vicario DS (1995) Decrements in auditory responses to a repeated conspecific song are long-lasting and require two periods of protein synthesis in the songbird forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:3406-3410
24. Chew SJ, Vicario DS, Nottebohm F (1996a) A large-capacity memory system that recognizes the calls and songs of individual birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1950-1955
25. Chew SJ, Vicario DS, Nottebohm F (1996b) Quantal duration of auditory memories. Science 274:1909-1914
26. Christy B, Nathans D (1989) DNA binding site of the growth factor-inducible protein Zif268. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8737-8741
27. Christy BA, Lau LF, Nathans D (1988) A gene activated in mouse 3T3 cells by serum growth factors encodes a protein with "zinc finger" sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:7857-7861
28. Cirelli C, Pompeiano M, Tononi G (1996) Neuronal gene expression in the waking state: a role for the locus coeruleus. Science 274:1211-1215
29. Clayton DF (2000) The genomic action potential. Neurobiol Learn Mem 74:185-216
30. Clayton DF, Huecas ME, Sinclair-Thompson EY, Nastiuk KL, Nottebohm F (1988) Probes for rare mRNAs reveal distributed cell subsets in canary brain. Neuron 1:249-261
31. Cole AJ, Saffen DW, Baraban JM, Worley PF (1989) Rapid increase of an immediate early gene messenger RNA in hippocampal neurons by synaptic NMDA receptor activation. Nature 340:474-476
32. Cole AJ, Abu-Shakra S, Saffen DW, Baraban JM, Worley PF (1990) Rapid rise in transcription factor mRNAs in rat brain after electroshock-induced seizures. J Neurochem 55:1920-1927
33. Dave AS, Yu AC, Margoliash D (1998) Behavioral state modulation of auditory activity in a vocal motor system. Science 282:2250-2254
34. Davis HP, Squire LR (1984) Protein synthesis and memory: a review. Psychol Bull 96:518-559
35. Denisenko-Nehrbass NI, Jarvis E, Scharff C, Nottebohm F, Mello CV (2000) Site-specific retinoic acid production in the brain of adult songbirds. Neuron 27:359-370
36. Doupe AJ, Konishi M (1991) Song-selective auditory circuits in the vocal control system of the zebra finch. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:11339-11343
37. Duffy DL, Bentley GE, Ball GF (1999) Does sex or photoperiodic condition influence ZENK induction in response to song in European starlings? Brain Res 844:78-82
38. Durand SE, Tepper JM, Cheng MF (1992) The shell region of the nucleus ovoidalis: a subdivision of the avian auditory thalamus. J Comp Neurol 323:495-518
39. Durand SE, Heaton JT, Amateau SK, Brauth SE (1997) Vocal control pathways through the anterior forebrain of a parrot (Melopsittacus undulatus). J Comp Neurol 377:179-206
40. Farabaugh SM, Wild JM (1997) Reciprocal connections between primary and secondary auditory pathways in the telencephalon of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Brain Res 747:18-25
41. Farries MA, Perkel DJ (2002) A telencephalic nucleus essential for song learning contains neurons with physiological characteristics of both striatum and globus pallidus. J Neurosci 22:3776-3787
42. Fortune ES, Margoliash D (1995) Parallel pathways and convergence onto HVc and adjacent neostriatum of adult zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Neurol 360:413-441
43. Foster EF, Bottjer SW (1998) Axonal connections of the high vocal center and surrounding cortical regions in juvenile and adult male zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 397:118-138
44. Gahr M (2000) Neural song control system of hummingbirds: comparison to swifts, vocal learning (songbirds) and nonlearning (suboscines) passerines, and vocal learning (budgerigars) and nonlearning (dove, owl, gull, quail, chicken) nonpasserines. J Comp Neurol 426:182-196
45. Gentner TQ, Hulse SH (2000) Female European starling preference and choice for variation in conspecific male song. Anim Behav 59:443-458
46. Gentner TQ, Hulse SH, Duffy D, Ball GF (2001) Response biases in auditory forebrain regions of female songbirds following exposure to sexually relevant variation in male song. J Neurobiol 46:48-58
47. George JM, Jin H, Woods WS, Clayton DF (1995) Characterization of a novel protein regulated during the critical period for song learning in the zebra finch. Neuron 15:361-372
48. Ghosh A, Ginty DD, Bading H, Greenberg ME (1994) Calcium regulation of gene expression in neuronal cells. J Neurobiol 25:294-303
49. Goelet P, Castellucci VF, Schacher S, Kandel ER (1986) The long and the short of long-term memory - a molecular framework. Nature 322:419-422
50. Grisham W, Arnold AP (1994) Distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the song system of the zebra finch. Brain Res 651:115-122
51. Güttinger HR (1985) Consequences of domestication on the song structures in the canary. Behaviour 94:254-278
52. Hall WS, Cohen PL, Brauth SE (1993) Auditory projections to the anterior telencephalon in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Brain Behav Evol 41:97-116
53. Hall WS, Brauth SE, Heaton JT (1994) Comparison of the effects of lesions in nucleus basalis and field 'L' on vocal learning and performance in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Brain Behav Evol 44:133-148
54. Heil P, Scheich H (1991) Functional organization of the avian auditory cortex analogue. II. Topographic distribution of latency. Brain Res 539:121-125
55. Heil P, Scheich H (1992) Spatial representation of frequency-modulated signals in the tonotopically organized auditory cortex analogue of the chick. J Comp Neurol 322:548-565
56. Herrera DG, Robertson HA (1996) Activation of c-fos in the brain. Prog Neurobiol 50:83-107
57. Hessler NA, Doupe AJ (1999) Social context modulates singing-related neural activity in the songbird forebrain. Nat Neurosci 2:209-211
58. Jarvis ED, Mello CV (2000) Molecular mapping of brain areas involved in parrot vocal communication. J Comp Neurol 419:1-31
59. Jarvis ED, Nottebohm F (1997) Motor-driven gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:4097-4102
60. Jarvis ED, Schwabl H, Ribeiro S, Mello CV (1997) Brain gene regulation by territorial singing behavior in freely ranging songbirds. Neuroreport 8:2073-2077
61. Jarvis ED, Scharff C, Grossman MR, Ramos JA, Nottebohm F (1998) For whom the bird sings: context-dependent gene expression. Neuron 21:775-788
62. Jarvis ED, Ribeiro S, Silva ML da, Ventura D, Vielliard J, Mello CV (2000) Behaviourally driven gene expression reveals song nuclei in hummingbird brain. Nature 406:628-632
63. Jin H, Clayton DF (1997) Localized changes in immediate-early gene regulation during sensory and motor learning in zebra finches. Neuron 19:1049-1059
64. Jones MW, Errington ML, French PJ, Fine A, Bliss TV, Garel S, Charnay P, Bozon B, Laroche S, Davis S (2001) A requirement for the immediate early gene Zif268 in the expression of late LTP and long-term memories. Nat Neurosci 4:289-296
65. Karten HJ (1967) The organization of the ascending auditory pathway in the pigeon (Columba livia). I. Diencephalic projections of the inferior colliculus (nucleus mesencephali lateralis, pars dorsalis). Brain Res 6:409-427
66. Karten HJ (1968) The ascending auditory pathway in the pigeon (Columba livia). II. Telencephalic projections of the nucleus ovoidalis thalami. Brain Res 11:134-153
67. Karten HJ, Hodos W (1967) A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
68. Karten HJ, Shimizu T (1989) The origins of neocortex: connections and lamination as distinct events in evolution. J Cogn Neurosci 1:291-301
69. Katz LC, Gurney ME (1981) Auditory responses in the zebra finch's motor system for song. Brain Res 221:192-197
70. Kelley DB, Nottebohm F (1979) Projections of a telencephalic auditory nucleus-field L in the canary. J Comp Neurol 183:455-469
71. Kimpo RR, Doupe AJ (1997) FOS is induced by singing in distinct neuronal populations in a motor network. Neuron 18:315-325
72. Kroodsma DE, Konishi M (1991) A suboscine bird (eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe) develops normal song without auditory feedback. Anim Behav 42:477-487
73. Kruse AA, Stripling R, Clayton DF (2000) Minimal experience required for immediate-early gene induction in zebra finch neostriatum. Neurobiol Learn Mere 74:179-184
74. Kuenzel WJ, Masson M (1988) A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the chick (Gallus domesticus). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
75. Lanerolle N de, Andrew RJ (1975) Midbrain structures controlling vocalization in the domestic chick. Brain Behav Evol 10:354-376
76. Lemaire P, Revelant O, Bravo R, Charnay P (1988) Two mouse genes encoding potential transcription factors with identical DNA-binding domains are activated by growth factors in cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:4691-4695
77. Lewald J (1990) Neural mechanisms of directional hearing in the pigeon. Exp Brain Res 82:423-436
78. Li XC, Jarvis ED, Alvarez-Borda B, Lim DA, Nottebohm F (2000) A relationship between behavior, neurotrophin expression, and new neuron survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:8584-8589
79. Lidsky TI, Manetto C, Schneider JS (1985) A consideration of sensory factors involved in motor functions of the basal ganglia. Brain Res 356:133-146
80. Long KD, Salbaum JM (1998) Evolutionary conservation of the immediate-early gene ZENK. Mol Biol Evol 15:284-292
81. Luo M, Perkel DJ (1999) A GABAergic, strongly inhibitory projection to a thalamic nucleus in the zebra finch song system. J Neurosci 19:6700-6711
82. MacDougall-Shackleton SA, Hulse SH, Ball GF (1998) Neural bases of song preferences in female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Neuroreport 9:3047-3052
83. Margoliash D (1983) Acoustic parameters underlying the responses of song-specific neurons in the white-crowned sparrow. J Neurosci 3:1039-1057
84. Margoliash D (1997) Functional organization of forebrain pathways for song production and perception. J Neurobiol 33:671-693
85. Marler P, Peters S (1977) Selective vocal learning in a sparrow. Science 198:519-521
86. McCasland JS (1987) Neuronal control of bird song production. J Neurosci 7:23-39
87. Mello CV (1993) Analysis of immediate early gene expression in the songbird brain following song presentation. PhD Thesis, The Rockefeller University, New York
88. Mello CV (1998) Auditory experience, gene regulation and auditory memories in songbirds. J Braz Assoc Adv Sci 50:189-196
89. Mello CV, Clayton DF (1994) Song-induced ZENK gene expression in auditory pathways of songbird brain and its relation to the song control system. J Neurosci 14:6652-6666
90. Mello CV, Clayton DF (1995) Differential induction of the ZENK gene in the avian forebrain and song control circuit after metrazole-induced depolarization. J Neurobiol 26:145-161
91. Mello CV, Ribeiro S (1998) ZENK protein regulation by song in the brain of songbirds. J Comp Neurol 393:426-438
92. Mello CV, Vicario DS, Clayton DF (1992) Song presentation induces gene expression in the songbird forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6818-6822
93. Mello C, Nottebohm F, Clayton D (1995) Repeated exposure to one song leads to a rapid and persistent decline in an immediate early gene's response to that song in zebra finch telencephalon. J Neurosci 15:6919-6925
94. Mello CV, Jarvis ED, Denisenko N, Rivas M (1997) Isolation of song-regulated genes in the brain of songbirds. Methods Mol Biol 85:205-217
95. Mello CV, Pinaud R, Ribeiro S (1998a) Noradrenergic system of the zebra finch brain: immunocytochemical study of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. J Comp Neurol 400:207-228
96. Mello CV, Vates GE, Okuhata S, Nottebohm F (1998b) Descending auditory pathways in the adult male zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Neurol 395:137-160
97. Milbrandt J (1987) A nerve growth factor-induced gene encodes a possible transcriptional regulatory factor. Science 238:797-799
98. Moiseff A, Konishi M (1981) Neuronal and behavioral sensitivity to binaural time differences in the owl. J Neurosci 1:40-48
99. Morgan JI, Curran T (1989) Stimulus-transcription coupling in neurons: role of cellular immediate early genes. TINS 12:459-462
100. Morgan JI, Curran T (1991) Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system: involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Annu Rev Neurosci 14:421-451
101. Müller CM (1988) Distribution of GABAergic perikarya and terminals in the centers of the higher auditory pathway of the chicken. Cell Tissue Res 252:99-106
102. Müller CM, Leppelsack HJ (1985) Feature extraction and tonotopic organization in the avian auditory forebrain. Exp Brain Res 59:587-599
103. Nastiuk KL, Mello CV, George JM, Clayton DF (1994) Immediate-early gene responses in the avian song control system: cloning and expression analysis of the canary c-jun cDNA. Mol Brain Res 27:299-309
104. Nguyen PV, Abel T, Kandel ER (1994) Requirement of a critical period of transcription for induction of a late phase of LTP. Science 265:1104-1107
105. Nottebohm F (1972) The origins of vocal learning. Am Nat 106:116-140
106. Nottebohm F (1996) The King Solomon lectures in neuroethology. A white canary on Mount Acropolis. J Comp Physiol A 179:149-156
107. Nottebohm F, Nottebohm ME (1978) Relationship between song repertoire and age in the canary, Serinus canaria. Z Tierpsychol 46:298-305
108. Nottebohm F, Stokes TM, Leonard CM (1976) Central control of song in the canary, Serinus canarius. J Comp Neurol 165:457-486
109. Nottebohm F, Kelley DB, Paton JA (1982) Connections of vocal control nuclei in the canary telencephalon. J Comp Neurol 207:344-357
110. Okuhata S, Saito N (1987) Synaptic connections of thalamo-cerebral vocal nuclei of the canary. Brain Res Bull 18:35-44
111. Paton JA, Manogue KR, Nottebohm F (1981) Bilateral organization of the vocal control pathway in the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus. J Neurosci 1:1279-1288
112. Pavletich NP, Pabo CO (1991) Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 A. Science 252:809-817
113. Reiner A, Medina L, Veenman CL (1998) Structural and functional evolution of the basal ganglia in vertebrates. Brain Res Rev 28:235-285
114. Ribeiro S, Mello CV (2000) Gene expression and synaptic plasticity in the auditory forebrain of songbirds. Learn Mem 7:235-243
115. Ribeiro S, Cecchi CA, Magnasco MO, Mello CV (1998) Toward a song code: evidence for a syllabic representation in the canary brain. Neuron 21:359-371
116. Roberts LA, Higgins MJ, O'Shaughnessy CT, Stone TW, Morris BJ (1996) Changes in hippocampal gene expression associated with the induction of long-term potentiation. Mol Brain Res 42:123-127
117. Saffen DW, Cole AJ, Worley PF, Christy BA, Ryder K, Baraban JM (1988) Convulsant-induced increase in transcription factor messenger RNAs in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:7795-7799
118. Saini KD, Leppelsack HJ (1981) Cell types of the auditory caudomedial neostriatum of the starling (Sturnus vulgaris). J Comp Neurol 198:209-229
119. Scharff C, Nottebohm F (1991) A comparative study of the behavioral deficits following lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: implications for vocal learning. J Neurosci 11:2896-2913
120. Scheich H, Bonke BA, Bonke D, Langner G (1979) Functional organization of some auditory nuclei in the guinea fowl demonstrated by the 2-deoxyglucose technique. Cell Tissue Res 204:17-27
121. Schmidt MF, Konishi M (1998) Gating of auditory responses in the vocal control system of awake songbirds. Nat Neurosci 1:513-518
122. Searcy WA, McArthur D, Peters S, Marler P (1981) Response of male song and swamp sparrows to neighbour, stranger and self songs. Behaviour 77:152-163
123. Sen K, Theunissen FE, Doupe AJ (2001) Feature analysis of natural sounds in the songbird auditory forebrain. J Neurophysiol 86:1445-1458
124. Sheng M, Greenberg ME (1990) The regulation and function of c-fos and other immediate early genes in the nervous system. Neuron 4:477-485
125. Sohrabji F, Nordeen EJ, Nordeen KW (1990) Selective impairment of song learning following lesions of a forebrain nucleus in the juvenile zebra finch. Behav Neural Biol 53:51-63
126. Sonnenberg JL, Rauscher FJ, Morgan JI, Curran T (1989) Regulation of proenkephalin by fos and jun. Science 246:1622-1625
127. Sossinka R, Bohner J (1980) Song types in the zebra finch (Poephila guttata castanotis). Z Tierpsychol 53:123-132
128. Striedter GF (1994) The vocal control pathways in budgerigars differ from those in songbirds. J Comp Neurol 343:35-56
129. Stripling R, Volman SF, Clayton DF (1997) Response modulation m the zebra finch neostriatum: relationship to nuclear gene regulation. J Neurosci 17:3883-3893
130. Stripling R, Kruse AA, Clayton DF (2001) Development of song responses in the zebra finch caudomedial neostriatum: role of genomic and electrophysiological activities. J Neurobiol 48:163-180
131. Sukhatme VP, Cao XM, Chang LC, Tsai-Morris CH, Stamenkovich D, Ferreira PC, Cohen DR, Edwards SA, Shows TB, Curran T, et al (1988) A zinc finger-encoding gene coregulated with c-fos during growth and differentiation, and after cellular depolarization. Cell 53:37-43
132. Swirnoff AH, Milbrandt J (1995) DNA-binding specificity of NGFI-A and related zinc finger transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 15:2275-2287
133. Tchernichovski O, Lints T, Mitra PP, Nottebohm F (1999) Vocal imitation in zebra finches is inversely related to model abundance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:12901-12904
134. Thorpe WH (1958) The learning of song patterns by birds with special reference to the song of the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs. Ibis 100:535-570
135. Tischmeyer W, Grimm R (1999) Activation of immediate early genes and memory formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 55:564-574
136. Vates GE, Broome BM, Mello CV, Nottebohm F (1996) Auditory pathways of caudal telencephalon and their relation to the song system of adult male zebra finches. J Comp Neurol 366:613-642
137. Vicario DS (1991) Organization of the zebra finch song control system. II. Functional organization of outputs from nucleus robustus archistriatalis. J Comp Neurol 309:486-494
138. Vicario DS, Simpson HB (1995) Electrical stimulation in forebrain nuclei elicits learned vocal patterns in songbirds. J Neurophysiol 73:2602-2607
139. Vicario DS, Yohay KH (1993) Song-selective auditory input to a forebrain vocal control nucleus in the zebra finch. J Neurobiol 24:488-505
140. Volman SF (1996) Quantitative assessment of song-selectivity in the zebra finch "high vocal center". J Comp Physiol A 178:849-862
141. Wallace CS, Withers GS, Weiler IJ, George JM, Clayton DF, Greenough WT (1995) Correspondence between sites of NGFI-A induction and sites of morphological plasticity following exposure to environmental complexity. Mol Brain Res 32:211-220
142. Whitney O, Soderstrom K, Johnson F (2000) Post-transcriptional regulation of zenk expression associated with zebra finch vocal development. Mol Brain Res 80:279-290
143. Wild JM (1994) The auditory-vocal-respiratory axis in birds. Brain Behav Evol 44:192-209
144. Wild JM (1997) Neural pathways for the control of birdsong production. J Neurobiol 33:653-670
145. Wild JM, Karten HJ, Frost BJ (1993) Connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (Columba livia). J Comp Neurol 337:32-62
146. Wild JM, Li D, Eagleton C (1997a) Projections of the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex (DM) in relation to respiratory-vocal nuclei in the brainstem of pigeon (Columba livia) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). J Comp Neurol 377:392-413
147. Wild JM, Reinke H, Farabaugh SM (1997b) A non-thalamic pathway contributes to a whole body map in the brain of the budgerigar. Brain Res 755:137-141
148. Williams H, Nottebohm F (1985) Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds. Science 229:279-282
149. Wingfield JC (1985) Short-term changes in plasma levels of hormones during establishment and defense of a breeding territory in male song sparrows, Melospiza melodia. Horm Behav 19:174-187
150. Wisden W, Errington ML, Williams S, Dunnett SB, Waters C, Hitchcock D, Evan G, Bliss TV, Hunt SP (1990) Differential expression of immediate early genes in the hippocampus and spinal cord. Neuron 4:603-614
151. Worley PF, Christy BA, Nakabeppu Y, Bhat RV, Cole AJ, Baraban JM (1991) Constitutive expression of zif268 in neocortex is regulated by synaptic activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:5106-5110
152. Worley PF, Bhat RV, Baraban JM, Erickson CA, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA (1993) Thresholds for synaptic activation of transcription factors in hippocampus: correlation with longterm enhancement. J Neurosci 13:4776-4786
153. Yu AC, Margoliash D (1996) Temporal hierarchical control of singing in birds. Science 273:1871-1875