Masculinized finger length patterns in human males and females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Hormones and Behavior

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 380-386

  Brown, Windy M ^a   Hines, Melissa ^b,c   Fane, Briony A ^b   Breedlove, S Marc ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Androgen; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Finger ratios; Prenatal hormones

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CALCULATION; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FINGER; HAND; HUMAN; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX DIFFERENCE; VIRILIZATION;

EID: 0036934848     PISSN: 0018506X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/hbeh.2002.1830     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Arnold, A. P. (1996). Genetically triggered sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior. Horm. Behav. 30, 495-505, doi: 10.1006/hbeh.1996.0053.
2. Berenbaum, S. A., and Hines, M. (1992). Early androgens are related to childhood sex-typed toy preferences. Psychol. Sci. 3, 203-206.
3. Breedlove, S. M., Cooke, B. M., and Jordan, C. L. (1998). The orthodox view of sexual differentiation of the brain. Brain Behav. Evol. 54, 8-14.
4. Brookes, M., and Zietman, A. (1998). Clinical Embryology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
5. Brown, W. M., Finn, C. J., and Breedlove, S. M. (2002). Sexual dimorphism in digit-length ratios of laboratory mice. Anat. Rec. 267, 231-234, doi:10.1002/ar.10108.
6. Carson, D. J., Okuno, A., Lee, P. A., Didolkar, S. M., and Migeon, C. J. (1982). Amniotic fluid steroid levels: Fetuses with adrenal hyperplasia, 46, XXY fetuses, and normal fetuses. Am. J Dis. Child. 136, 218-222.
7. nd Ed.). Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
8. Collaer, M. L., and Hines, M. (1995). Human behavioral sex differences: A role for gonadal hormones during early development? Psychol. Bull. 118, 55-107.
9. Couwenbergs, C., Knussmann, R., and Christiansen, K. (1986). Comparisons of the intra- and inter-individual variability in sex hormone levels of men. Ann. Hum. Biol. 13, 63-72.
10. Dittmann, R. W., Kappes, M. H., Kappes, M. E., Borger, D., Stegner, H., Willig, R. H., and Wallis, H. (1990). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 17, 153-170.
11. Dörr, H. G., and Sippell, W. G. (1993). Prenatal dexamethasone treatment in pregnancies at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: Effect on midgestational amniotic fluid steroid levels. J. Clin. Endorcrinol. Metab. 76, 117-120.
12. Ecker, A. (1875). Some remarks about a varying character in the hands of humans. Arch. Anthropol. 8, 68-74.
13. Ehrhardt, A. A., and Baker, S. W. (1974). Fetal androgens, human central nervous system differentiation, and behavioral sex differences. In R. C. Friedman, R. M. Richart, and R. L. Vande Wield (Eds.), Sex Differences in Behavior, pp. 33-51. Wiley, New York.
14. Ehrhardt, A. A., Epstein, R., and Money, J. (1968). Fetal androgens and female gender identity in the early-treated adrenogenital syndrome. Johns Hopkins Med. J. 122, 160-167.
15. Garn, S. M., Burdi, A. R., Babler, W. J., and Stinson, S. (1975). Early prenatal attainment of adult metacarpal-phalangeal rank and proportions. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 43, 327-332.
16. George, R. (1930). Human finger types. Anat. Rec. 46, 199-204.
17. Griffin, J. E., and Ojeda, S. R. (2000). Textbook of Endocrine Physiology. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
18. Hines, M., and Kaufman, F. R. (1994). Androgen and the development of human sex-typical behavior: Rough-and-tumble play and sex of preferred playmates in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Child Dev. 65, 1042-1053.
19. Hughes, I. A., Coleman, N., Ahmed, S. F., Ng, K. L., Cheng, A., Lim, H. N., and Hawkins, J. R. (1999). Sexual dimorphism in the neonatal gonad. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 88, 23-30.
20. Li, M., Shen, Y., Halloran, B. P., Baumann, B. D., Miller, K., and Wronski, T. J. (1996). Skeletal response to corticosteroid deficiency and excess in growing male rats. Bone 19, 81-88.
21. Manning, J. T. (2002). Digit Ratio: A Pointer to Fertility, Behavior, and Health, Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ.
22. Manning, J. T., in Juncan, B. (2001). Finger length ratios may predict early myocardial risk. Intern. Med. News 34(13), 16.
23. Manning, J. T., Scott, D., Wilson, J., and Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: A predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Hum. Reprod. 13, 3000-3004.
24. Marcus, J., Maccoby, E. E., Jacklin, C. N., and Doering, C. H. (1985). Individual differences in mood in early childhood: Their relation to gender and neonatal sex steroids. Dev. Psychobiol. 18, 327-340.
25. McFadden, D. (2002). Masculinization effects in the auditory system. Arch Sex Behav. 31, 99-111
26. Mesiano, S., and Jaffe, R. B. (1997). Development and functional biology of the human adrenal cortex. Endocr. Rev. 18, 378-403.
27. Pasqualini, J. R., and Kincl, F. (1985). Hormones and the Fetus, Vol. 1. Pergamon Press, New York.
28. Peichel, C. L., Prabhakaran, B., and Voght, T. F. (1997). The mouse Ulnaless mutation deregulates posterior HoxD gene expression and alters appendicular patterning. Development 124, 3481-3492.
29. Reyes, F. I., Winter, J. S. D., and Faiman, C. (1973). Studies on human sexual development. II. Fetal and maternal serum gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 38, 612-617.
30. Sakai, L. M., Baker, L. A., Jacklin, C. N., and Shulman, L. (1991). Sex steroids at birth: Genetic and environmental variation and covariation. Dev. Psychobiol. 24, 559-570.
31. Siiteri, P. K., and Wilson, J. D. (1974). Testosterone formation and metabolism during male sexual differentiation in the human embryo. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 38, 113-125.
32. Williams, T. J., Pepitone, M. E., Christensen, B. M., Cooke, B. M., Huberman, A. D., Breedlove, N. J., Breedlove, T. J., Jordan, C. L., and Breedlove, S. M. (2000). Finger length patterns indicate an influence of fetal androgens on human sexual orientation. Nature 30, 455-456.
33. Wilson, G. D. (1983). Finger-length as an index of assertiveness in women. Pers. Individual Differences 4, 111-112.
34. Winchester, A. M. (1976). Heredity, Evolution and Humankind. West, San Francisco.
35. Woodson, J. C., and Gorski, R. A. (1999). Structural sex differences in the mammalian brain: Reconsidering the male/female dichotomy. In A. Matsumoto (Ed.), Sexual Differentiation of the Brain pp. 229-255. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
36. Wudy, S. A., Dörr, H. G., Solleder, C., Djalali, M., and Homoki, J. (1999). Profiling steroid hormones in amniotic fluid of midpregnancy by routine stable isotope dilution/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Reference values and concentrations in fetuses at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J. Clin. Endrcrinol. Metab. 84, 2724-2728.