Bias effects in word fragment completion in young and older adults

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 30, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1204-1218

  Light, Leah L ^a   Kennison, Robert F ^b   Healy, Michael R ^b  

^a PITZER COLLEGE   (United States)

^b CLAREMONT GRADUATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEMORY; NORMAL HUMAN; RECALL; TASK PERFORMANCE; VERBAL MEMORY;

EID: 0036932394     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/BF03213403     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. ANDERSON, M. C., & BJORK, R. A. (1994). Mechanisms of inhibition in long-term memory. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 265-325). San Diego: Academic Press.
2. BOWERS, J. S. (1999). Priming is not all bias: Commentary on Ratcliff and McKoon (1997). Psychological Review, 106, 582-596.
3. BURKE, D. M. (1997). Language, aging, and inhibitory deficits: Evaluation of a theory. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52B, P254-P264.
4. BURKE, D. M., MACKAY, D. G., WORTHLEY, J. S., & WADE, E. (1991). On the tip of the tongue: What causes word finding failures in young and older adults? Journal of Memory & Language, 30, 542-579.
5. COHEN, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
6. CONNELLY, S. L., HASHER, L., & ZACKS, R. T. (1991). Age and reading: The impact of distraction. Psychology & Aging, 6, 533-541.
7. DELL, G. S., & O'SEAGHDHA, P. G. (1994). Inhibition in interactive activation models of linguistic selection and sequencing. In D. Dagenbach & T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 409-453). San Diego: Academic Press.
8. FLEISCHMAN, D. A., & GABRIELI, J. D. E. (1998). Repetition priming in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease: A review of findings and theories. Psychology & Aging, 13, 88-119.
9. FRANCIS, W. N., & KUČERA, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
10. GABRIELI, J. D. E., KEANE, M. M., STANGER, B. Z., KJELGAARD, M. M., CORKIN, S., & GROWDON, J. H. (1994). Dissociations among structuralperceptual, lexical-semantic, and event-fact memory systems in Alzheimer, amnesic, and normal subjects. Cortex, 30, 75-103.
11. GABRIELI, J. D. E., VAIDYA, C. J., STONE, M., FRANCIS, W. S., THOMPSONSCHILL, S. L., FLEISCHMAN, D. A., TINKLENBERG, J. R., YESAVAGE, J. A., & WILSON, R. A. (1999). Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 479-498.
12. GERARD, L., ZACKS, R. T., HASHER, L., & RADVANSKY, G. A. (1991). Age deficits in retrieval: The fan effect. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 46, P131-P136.
13. GOLDINGER, S. D., LUCE, P. A., & PISONI, D. B. (1989). Priming lexical neighbors of spoken words: Effects of competition and inhibition. Journal of Memory & Language, 28, 501-518.
14. HARTMAN, M. (1995). Aging and interference: Evidence from indirect memory tests. Psychology & Aging, 10, 659-669.
15. HARTMAN, M., & HASHER, L. (1991). Aging and suppression: Memory for previously relevant information. Psychology & Aging, 6, 587-594.
16. KEANE, M. M., VERFAELLIE, M., GABRIELI, J. D. E., & WONG, B. M. (2000). Bias effects in perceptual identification: A neuropsychological investigation of the role of explicit memory. Journal of Memory & Language, 43, 316-344.
17. KELLEY, C. M., & LINDSAY, D. S. (1993). Remembering mistaken for knowing: Ease of retrieval as a basis for confidence in answers to general knowledge questions. Journal of Memory & Language, 32, 1-24.
18. KINOSHITA, S., & TOWGOOD, K. (2001). Effects of dividing attention on the memory-block effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 27, 889-895.
19. LA VOIE, D. J., & LIGHT, L. L. (1994). Adult age differences in repetition priming: A meta-analysis. Psychology & Aging, 9, 539-553.
20. LEVELT, W. J. M., ROELOFS, A., & MEYER, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22, 1-75.
21. LIGHT, L. L., & KENNISON, R. F. (1996). Guessing strategies, aging, and bias effects in perceptual identification. Consciousness & Cognition, 5, 463-499.
22. LIGHT, L. L., PRULL, M. W., LA VOIE, D. J., & HEALY, M. R. (2000). Dual-process theories of memory in old age. In T. J. Perfect & E. A. Maylor (Eds.), Models of cognitive aging (pp. 238-300). New York: Oxford University Press.
23. LIGHT, L. L., SINGH, A., & CAPPS, J. L. (1986). Dissociation of memory and awareness in young and older adults. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 62-74.
24. MASSON, M. E. J., & FRIEDMAN, L. (1990). Fluent identification of repeated words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 16, 355-373.
25. MCCLELLAND, J. L., & RUMELHART, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
26. MULLIGAN, N. W., & HARTMAN, M. (1996). Divided attention and indirect memory tests. Memory & Cognition, 24, 453-465.
27. NELSON, M. J., & DENNY, E. C. (1960). The Nelson-Denny reading test (rev. by J. I. Brown). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
28. RATCLIFF, R., ALBRITTON, D., & MCKOON, G. (1997). Bias in auditory priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory, & Cognition, 23, 143-152.
29. RATCLIFF, R., & MCKOON, G. (1996). Bias effects in implicit memory tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 403-421.
30. RATCLIFF, R., & MCKOON, G. (1997). A counter model for implicit priming in perceptual word identification. Psychological Review, 104, 319-343.
31. RATCLIFF, R., MCKOON, G., & VERWOERD, M. (1989). A bias interpretation of facilitation in perceptual identification. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 15, 378-387.
32. REITAN, R. M. (1992). Trail Making Test: Manual for administration and scoring. South Tucson, AZ: Reitan Neuropsychology Lab.
33. SALTHOUSE, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428.
34. SCHNEIDER, W. (1995). MEL Professional, Version 2.0. Pittsburgh: Psychology Software Tools.
35. SMITH, S. M., & TINDELL, D. R. (1997). Memory blocks in word fragment completion caused by involuntary retrieval of orthographically related primes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 23, 355-370.
36. VERHAEGHEN, P., MARCOEN, A., & GOOSSENS, L. (1993). Facts and fiction about memory aging: A quantitative integration of research findings. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 48, P157-P171.
37. VERHAEGHEN, P., & SALTHOUSE, T. A. (1997). Meta-analyses of agecognition relations in adulthood: Estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 231-249.
38. WHEELDON, L. R., & MONSELL, S. (1994). Inhibition of spoken word production by priming a semantic competitor. Journal of Memory & Language, 33, 332-356.
39. WINOCUR, G., MOSCOVITCH, M., & STUSS, D. T. (1996). Explicit and implicit memory in the elderly: Evidence for double dissociation involving medial temporal- and frontal-lobe functions. Neuropsychology, 10, 57-65.
40. ZACKS, R., & HASHER, L. (1997). Cognitive gerontology and attentional inhibition: A reply to Burke and McDowd. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52B, P274-P283.
41. ZACKS, R. T., HASHER, L., & LI, K. Z. H. (2000). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (2nd ed., pp. 293-357). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
42. ZACKS, R. T., RADVANSKY, G., & HASHER, L. (1996). Studies of directed forgetting in older adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 22, 143-156.
43. ZEELENBERG, R., WAGENMAKERS, E.-J. M., & RAAIJMAKERS, J. G. W. (2002). Priming in implicit memory tasks: Prior study causes enhanced discriminability, not only bias. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 131, 38-47.