Hovering flight mechanics of neotropical flower bats (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) in normodense and hypodense gas mixtures

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 205, Issue 23, 2002, Pages 3669-3677

  Dudley, Robert ^a,b   Winter, York ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aerodynamics; Bat; Density; Flight; Glossophagine; Hovering; Hyperoxia; Leptonycteris curasoae; Power

Indexed keywords

OXYGEN;

AIR; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BAT; BIOMECHANICS; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLYING; FORELIMB; PHYSIOLOGY;

AIR; ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; CHIROPTERA; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLIGHT, ANIMAL; OXYGEN; WING;

ANIMALIA; GLOSSOPHAGINAE; LEPTONYCTERIS; LEPTONYCTERIS CURASOAE; PHYLLOSTOMIDAE; VERTEBRATA; VILLA;

EID: 0036909384     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Altshuler, D. and Dudley, R. (2002). The ecological and evolutionary interface of hummingbird flight physiology. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 2325-2336.
2. Chai, P., Altshuler, D. L., Stephens, D. B. and Dillon, M. E. (1999). Maximal horizontal flight performance of hummingbirds: Effects of body mass and molt. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 72, 145-155.
3. Chai, P., Chen, J. S. C. and Dudley, R. (1997). Transient hovering performance of hummingbirds under conditions of maximal loading. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 921-929.
4. Chai, P. and Dudley, R. (1995). Limits to vertebrate locomotor energetics suggested by hummingbirds hovering in heliox. Nature 377, 722-725.
5. Chai, P. and Dudley, R. (1996). Limits to flight energetics of hummingbirds hovering in hypodense and hypoxic gas mixtures. J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2285-2295.
6. Chai, P. and Dudley, R. (1999). Maximum flight performance of hummingbirds: Capacities, constraints, and trade-offs. Am. Nat. 153, 398-411.
7. Chai, P., Harrykissoon, R. and Dudley, R. (1996). Hummingbird hovering performance in hyperoxic heliox: Effects of body mass and sex. J. Exp. Biol. 199, 2745-2755.
8. Dobat, K. and Peikert-Holle, T. (1985). Blüten und Fledermäuse (Chiropterophilie). Frankfurt: Kramer Verlag.
9. Dickinson, M. H., Lehmann, F. O. and Sane, S. P. (1999). Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight. Science 84, 1954-1960.
10. 2). J. Exp. Biol. 198, 1065-1070.
11. Dudley, R. (2000). The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
12. Dudley, R. (2002). Mechanisms and implications of animal flight maneuverability. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42, 135-140.
13. Dudley, R. and Chai, P. (1996). Animal flight mechanics in physically variable gas mixtures. J. Exp. Biol. 199, 1881-1885.
14. Ellington, C. P. (1984a). The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. II. Morphological parameters. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, 17-40.
15. Ellington, C. P. (1984b). The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. III. Kinematics. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, 41-78.
16. Ellington, C. P. (1984c). The aerodynamics of hovering insect flight. VI. Lift and power requirements. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, 145-181.
17. Ellington, C. P. (1991). Limitations on animal flight performance. J. Exp. Biol. 160, 71-91.
18. Ferrarezzi, H. and Gimenez, E. A. (1996). Systematic patterns and the evolution of feeding habits in Chiroptera (Archonta: Mammalia). J. Comp. Biol. 1, 75-94.
19. Gould, E. (1978). Foraging behavior of Malaysian nectar-feeding bats. Biotropica 10, 184-193.
20. Herrera Montalvo, L. G. (1997). Evidence of altitudinal movements of Leptonycteris curasoae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in central Mexico. Rev. Mex. Mastozool. 2, 116-118.
21. Norberg, U. M. (1990). Vertebrate Flight. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
22. Norberg, U. M., Kunz, T. H., Steffensen, J. F., Winter, Y. and von Helversen, O. (1993). The cost of hovering and forward flight in a nectar-feeding bat, Glossophaga soricina, estimated from aerodynamic theory. J. Exp. Biol. 182, 207-227.
23. Norberg, U. M. and Rayner, J. M. V. (1987). Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Wing adaptations, flight performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 316, 335-427.
24. Pennycuick, C. J., Heine, C. E., Kirkpatrick, S. J. and Fuller, M. R. (1992). The profile drag of a hawk's wing, measured by wake sampling in a wind tunnel. J. Exp. Biol. 165, 1-19.
25. Reid, F. A. (1997). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America and Southeast Mexico. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
26. Sahley, C. T., Horner, M. A. and Fleming, T. H. (1993). Flight speeds and mechanical power outputs of the nectar-feeding bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae). J. Mamm. 74, 594-600.
27. Schondube, J. E., Herrera, L. G. and Martínez del Rio, C. (2001). Diet and the evolution of digestion and renal function in phyllostomid bats. Zoology 104, 59-73.
28. Smith, J. D. and Starrett, A. (1979). Morphometric analysis of chiropteran wings. In Biology of Bats of the New World Family Phyllostomidae, vol. 3 (ed. R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones and D. C. Carter), pp. 427-437. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University.
29. Strahan, R. E. (1983). The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
30. Thollesson, M. and Norberg, U. M. (1991). Moments of inertia of bat wings and body. J. Exp. Biol. 158, 19-35.
31. Usherwood, J. R. and Ellington, C. P. (2002a). The aerodynamics of revolving wings. I. Model hawkmoth wings. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1547-1564.
32. Usherwood, J. R. and Ellington, C. P. (2002b). The aerodynamics of revolving wings. II. Propeller force coefficients from mayfly to quail. J. Exp. Biol. 205, 1565-1576.
33. Voigt, C. C. (2000). Intraspecific scaling of flight power in the bat Glossophaga soricina. J. Comp. Physiol. B 170, 403-410.
34. Voigt C. C. and von Helversen, O. (1999). Storage and display of odor in male Saccopteryx bilineata (Chiroptera, Emballonuridae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 47, 29-40.
35. Voigt, C. C. and Winter, Y. (1999). Energetic cost of hovering flight in nectar-feeding bats (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) and its scaling in moths, birds and bats. J. Comp. Physiol. B 169, 38-48.
36. von Helversen, O. (1986). Blü tenbesuch bei blumenfledermäusen: Kinematik des schwirrfluges und energiebudget im Freiland. In Biona-report 5: Fledermausflug-bat Flight (ed. W. Nachtigall), pp. 107-126. Stuttgart: G. Fischer.
37. von Helversen, O. (1993). Adaptations of flowers to the pollination by glossophagine bats. In Animal-Plant Interactions in Tropical Environments (ed. W. Barthlott), pp. 41-59. Bonn: Museum Koenig.
38. von Helversen, O. and Winter, Y. Glossophagine bats and their flowers: Cost and benefit for plant and pollinator. In Ecology of Bats (ed. T. H. Kunz and M. B. Fenton). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. In press.
39. Wetterer, A. L., Rockman, M. V. and Simmons, N. B. (2000). Phylogeny of phyllostomid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data from diverse morphological systems, sex chromosomes, and restriction sites. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist. 248, 1-200.
40. Winter, Y. (1998). Energetic cost of hovering flight in a nectar-feeding bat measured with fast-response respirometry. J. Comp. Physiol. B 168, 434-444.
41. Winter, Y. and von Helversen, O. (1998). The energy cost of flight: Do small bats fly more cheaply than birds? J. Comp. Physiol. B 168, 105-111.
42. Winter, Y. and von Helversen, O. (2001). Bats as pollinators: Foraging energetics and floral adaptations. In Cognitive Ecology of Pollination (ed. L. Chittka and J. Thomson), pp. 148-170. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
43. Winter, Y., Voigt, C. and von Helversen, O. (1998). Gas exchange during hovering flight in a nectar-feeding bat Glossophaga soricina. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 237-244.