Limits to flight energetics of hummingbirds hovering in hypodense and hypoxic gas mixtures

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 199, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 2285-2295

  Chai, Peng ^a   Dudley, Robert ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

Author keywords

air density; Archilochus colubris; heliox; helium; hovering flight; hummingbird; hypoxia; muscle power; oxygen consumption

Indexed keywords

HELIUM; OXYGEN;

AIR; ANIMAL; BIRD; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLYING; MUSCLE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW;

AIR; ANIMALS; BIRDS; ENERGY METABOLISM; FLIGHT, ANIMAL; HELIUM; MUSCLES; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION;

ANIMALIA; ARCHILOCHUS COLUBRIS; AVES; TROCHILIDAE; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0030267801     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

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