메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 1431-1439

Axonal pathfinding mechanisms at the cortical midline and in the development of the corpus callosum

Author keywords

Corpus callosum; Glial sling; Glial wedge; Indusium griseum glia; Midline glia; Perforating pathway

Indexed keywords

CHEMOATTRACTANT;

EID: 0036904373     PISSN: 0100879X     EISSN: 1414431X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2002001200004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 0032483979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterning of cortical efferent projections by semaphorin-neuropilin interactions
    • Polleux F, Giger RJ, Ginty DD, Kolodkin AL & Ghosh A (1998). Patterning of cortical efferent projections by semaphorin-neuropilin interactions. Science, 282: 1904-1906.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1904-1906
    • Polleux, F.1    Giger, R.J.2    Ginty, D.D.3    Kolodkin, A.L.4    Ghosh, A.5
  • 2
    • 0023640707 scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological findings associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum
    • Jeret JS, Serur D, Wisniewski KE & Lubin RA (1987). Clinicopathological findings associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Brain and Development, 9: 256-264.
    • (1987) Brain and Development , vol.9 , pp. 256-264
    • Jeret, J.S.1    Serur, D.2    Wisniewski, K.E.3    Lubin, R.A.4
  • 4
    • 0029858435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sek4 and Nuk receptors cooperate in guidance of commissural axons and in palate formation
    • Orioli D, Henkemeyer M, Lemke G, Klein R & Pawson T (1996). Sek4 and Nuk receptors cooperate in guidance of commissural axons and in palate formation. EMBO Journal, 15: 6035-6049.
    • (1996) EMBO Journal , vol.15 , pp. 6035-6049
    • Orioli, D.1    Henkemeyer, M.2    Lemke, G.3    Klein, R.4    Pawson, T.5
  • 7
    • 0037122889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slit proteins prevent midline crossing and determine the dorsoventral position of major axonal pathways in the mammalian forebrain
    • Bagri A, Marin O, Plump AS, Mak J, Pleasure SJ, Rubenstein JL & Tessier-Lavigne M (2002). Slit proteins prevent midline crossing and determine the dorsoventral position of major axonal pathways in the mammalian forebrain. Neuron, 33: 233-248.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 233-248
    • Bagri, A.1    Marin, O.2    Plump, A.S.3    Mak, J.4    Pleasure, S.J.5    Rubenstein, J.L.6    Tessier-Lavigne, M.7
  • 13
    • 0029855582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forebrain patterning defects in Small eye mutant mice
    • Stoykova A, Fritsch R, Walther C & Gruss P (1996). Forebrain patterning defects in Small eye mutant mice. Development, 122: 3453-3465.
    • (1996) Development , vol.122 , pp. 3453-3465
    • Stoykova, A.1    Fritsch, R.2    Walther, C.3    Gruss, P.4
  • 14
    • 0033386714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The homeodomain protein vax1 is required for axon guidance and major tract formation in the developing forebrain
    • Bertuzzi S, Hindges R, Mui SH, O'Leary DD & Lemke G (1999). The homeodomain protein vax1 is required for axon guidance and major tract formation in the developing forebrain. Genes and Development, 13: 3092-3105.
    • (1999) Genes and Development , vol.13 , pp. 3092-3105
    • Bertuzzi, S.1    Hindges, R.2    Mui, S.H.3    O'Leary, D.D.4    Lemke, G.5
  • 15
    • 0032583202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nervous system defects of AnkyrinB (-/-) mice suggest functional overlap between the cell adhesion molecule L1 and 440-kD AnkyrinB in premyelinated axons
    • Scotland P, Zhou D, Benveniste H & Bennett V (1998). Nervous system defects of AnkyrinB (-/-) mice suggest functional overlap between the cell adhesion molecule L1 and 440-kD AnkyrinB in premyelinated axons. Journal of Cell Biology, 143: 1305-1315.
    • (1998) Journal of Cell Biology , vol.143 , pp. 1305-1315
    • Scotland, P.1    Zhou, D.2    Benveniste, H.3    Bennett, V.4
  • 16
    • 0033564746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in neuronal process extension, hippocampal development, and the ventricular system of L1 knockout mice
    • Demyanenko GP, Tsai AY & Maness PF (1999). Abnormalities in neuronal process extension, hippocampal development, and the ventricular system of L1 knockout mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 19: 4907-4920.
    • (1999) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 4907-4920
    • Demyanenko, G.P.1    Tsai, A.Y.2    Maness, P.F.3
  • 20
    • 0036138058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-associated protein-43 is required for commissural axon guidance in the developing vertebrate nervous system
    • Shen Y, Mani S, Donovan SL, Schwob JE & Meiri KF (2002). Growth-associated protein-43 is required for commissural axon guidance in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Journal of Neuroscience, 22: 239-247.
    • (2002) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.22 , pp. 239-247
    • Shen, Y.1    Mani, S.2    Donovan, S.L.3    Schwob, J.E.4    Meiri, K.F.5
  • 25
    • 0031018336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality
    • Chae T, Kwon YT, Bronson R, Dikkes P, Li E & Tsai LH (1997). Mice lacking p35, a neuronal specific activator of Cdk5, display cortical lamination defects, seizures, and adult lethality. Neuron, 18: 29-42.
    • (1997) Neuron , vol.18 , pp. 29-42
    • Chae, T.1    Kwon, Y.T.2    Bronson, R.3    Dikkes, P.4    Li, E.5    Tsai, L.H.6
  • 27
    • 0031916557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Fgf8 mutant allelic series generated by Cre- and Flp-mediated recombination
    • Meyers EN, Lewandoski M & Martin GR (1998). An Fgf8 mutant allelic series generated by Cre- and Flp-mediated recombination. Nature Genetics, 18: 136-141.
    • (1998) Nature Genetics , vol.18 , pp. 136-141
    • Meyers, E.N.1    Lewandoski, M.2    Martin, G.R.3
  • 28
    • 0030664841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired brain development and reduced astrocyte response to injury in transgenic mice expressing IGF binding protein-1
    • Ni W, Rajkumar K, Nagy JI & Murphy LJ (1997). Impaired brain development and reduced astrocyte response to injury in transgenic mice expressing IGF binding protein-1. Brain Research, 769: 97-107.
    • (1997) Brain Research , vol.769 , pp. 97-107
    • Ni, W.1    Rajkumar, K.2    Nagy, J.I.3    Murphy, L.J.4
  • 29
    • 0032695993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis of gradient detection by growth cones
    • Goodhill GJ & Urbach JS (1999). Theoretical analysis of gradient detection by growth cones. Journal of Neurobiology, 41: 230-241.
    • (1999) Journal of Neurobiology , vol.41 , pp. 230-241
    • Goodhill, G.J.1    Urbach, J.S.2
  • 30
    • 0029959555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular biology of axon guidance
    • Tessier-Lavigne M & Goodman CS (1996). The molecular biology of axon guidance. Science, 274: 1123-1133.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1123-1133
    • Tessier-Lavigne, M.1    Goodman, C.S.2
  • 32
    • 0030877318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cAMP-induced switching in turning direction of nerve growth cones
    • Song HJ, Ming GL & Poo MM (1997). cAMP-induced switching in turning direction of nerve growth cones. Nature, 388: 275-279.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 275-279
    • Song, H.J.1    Ming, G.L.2    Poo, M.M.3
  • 33
    • 0032559219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors
    • Kidd T, Brose K, Mitchell KJ, Fetter RD, Tessier-Lavigne M, Goodman CS & Tear G (1998). Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors. Cell, 92: 205-215.
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 205-215
    • Kidd, T.1    Brose, K.2    Mitchell, K.J.3    Fetter, R.D.4    Tessier-Lavigne, M.5    Goodman, C.S.6    Tear, G.7
  • 34
    • 0033582907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slit is the midline repellent for the robo receptor in Drosophila
    • Kidd T, Bland KS & Goodman CS (1999). Slit is the midline repellent for the robo receptor in Drosophila. Cell, 96: 785-794.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 785-794
    • Kidd, T.1    Bland, K.S.2    Goodman, C.S.3
  • 37
    • 0033582915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical purification of a mammalian slit protein as a positive regulator of sensory axon elongation and branching
    • Wang KH, Brose K, Arnott D, Kidd T, Goodman CS, Henzel W & Tessier-Lavigne M (1999). Biochemical purification of a mammalian slit protein as a positive regulator of sensory axon elongation and branching. Cell, 96: 771-784.
    • (1999) Cell , vol.96 , pp. 771-784
    • Wang, K.H.1    Brose, K.2    Arnott, D.3    Kidd, T.4    Goodman, C.S.5    Henzel, W.6    Tessier-Lavigne, M.7
  • 40
    • 0037122872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surrounded by Slit - How forebrain commissural axons can be led astray
    • Richards LJ (2002). Surrounded by Slit - how forebrain commissural axons can be led astray. Neuron, 33: 153-155.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 153-155
    • Richards, L.J.1
  • 41
    • 0014223464 scopus 로고
    • Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man
    • Rakic P & Yakolev PI (1968). Development of the corpus callosum and cavum septi in man. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 132: 45-72.
    • (1968) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.132 , pp. 45-72
    • Rakic, P.1    Yakolev, P.I.2
  • 42
    • 0019983715 scopus 로고
    • Axonal guidance during development of the great cerebral commissures: Descriptive and experimental studies, in vivo, on the role of preformed glial pathways
    • Silver J, Lorenz SE, Wahlsten D & Coughlin J (1982). Axonal guidance during development of the great cerebral commissures: Descriptive and experimental studies, in vivo, on the role of preformed glial pathways. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 210: 10-29.
    • (1982) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.210 , pp. 10-29
    • Silver, J.1    Lorenz, S.E.2    Wahlsten, D.3    Coughlin, J.4
  • 43
    • 0025182011 scopus 로고
    • Failure of the subcallosal sling to develop after embryonic X-irradiation is correlated with absence of the cavum septi
    • Schneider BF & Silver J (1990). Failure of the subcallosal sling to develop after embryonic X-irradiation is correlated with absence of the cavum septi. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 299: 462-469.
    • (1990) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.299 , pp. 462-469
    • Schneider, B.F.1    Silver, J.2
  • 44
    • 0023176943 scopus 로고
    • Defects of the fetal forebrain in mice with hereditary agenesis of the corpus callosum
    • Wahlsten D (1987). Defects of the fetal forebrain in mice with hereditary agenesis of the corpus callosum. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 262: 227-241.
    • (1987) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.262 , pp. 227-241
    • Wahlsten, D.1
  • 45
    • 0020622483 scopus 로고
    • Postnatally induced formation of the corpus callosum in acallosal mice on glia-coated cellulose bridges
    • Silver J & Ogawa MY (1983). Postnatally induced formation of the corpus callosum in acallosal mice on glia-coated cellulose bridges. Science, 220: 1067-1069.
    • (1983) Science , vol.220 , pp. 1067-1069
    • Silver, J.1    Ogawa, M.Y.2
  • 46
    • 0023338009 scopus 로고
    • Glial filament protein expression in astroglia in the mouse visual pathway
    • Bovolenta P, Liem RKH & Mason CA (1987). Glial filament protein expression in astroglia in the mouse visual pathway. Developmental Brain Research, 33: 113-126.
    • (1987) Developmental Brain Research , vol.33 , pp. 113-126
    • Bovolenta, P.1    Liem, R.K.H.2    Mason, C.A.3
  • 47
    • 0024207435 scopus 로고
    • Gliogenesis in rat spinal cord: Evidence for origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors
    • Hirano M & Goldman JE (1988). Gliogenesis in rat spinal cord: evidence for origin of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from radial precursors. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 21: 155-167.
    • (1988) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.21 , pp. 155-167
    • Hirano, M.1    Goldman, J.E.2
  • 48
    • 0025280292 scopus 로고
    • Developmental expression of glial fibrillary, acidic protein mRNA in the rat brain analyzed by in situ hybridization
    • Landry CF, Ivy GO & Brown IR (1990). Developmental expression of glial fibrillary, acidic protein mRNA in the rat brain analyzed by in situ hybridization. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 25: 194-203.
    • (1990) Journal of Neuroscience Research , vol.25 , pp. 194-203
    • Landry, C.F.1    Ivy, G.O.2    Brown, I.R.3
  • 50
    • 0027500128 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical demonstration of early appearing astroglial structures that form boundaries and pathways along axon tracts in the fetal brain
    • Silver J, Edwards MA & Levitt P (1993). Immunocytochemical demonstration of early appearing astroglial structures that form boundaries and pathways along axon tracts in the fetal brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 328: 415-436.
    • (1993) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.328 , pp. 415-436
    • Silver, J.1    Edwards, M.A.2    Levitt, P.3
  • 51
    • 0030901652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the anterior commissure in the opossum: Midline extracellular space and glia coincide with early axon decussation
    • Cummings DM, Malun D & Brunjes PC (1997). Development of the anterior commissure in the opossum: midline extracellular space and glia coincide with early axon decussation. Journal of Neurobiology, 32: 403-414.
    • (1997) Journal of Neurobiology , vol.32 , pp. 403-414
    • Cummings, D.M.1    Malun, D.2    Brunjes, P.C.3
  • 52
    • 0032556048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular tunnels and boundaries for growing axons in the anterior commissure of hamster embryos
    • Pires-Neto M, Braga-De-Souza S & Lent R (1998). Molecular tunnels and boundaries for growing axons in the anterior commissure of hamster embryos. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 399: 176-188.
    • (1998) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.399 , pp. 176-188
    • Pires-Neto, M.1    Braga-De-Souza, S.2    Lent, R.3
  • 53
    • 0028042384 scopus 로고
    • Glial domains and axonal reordering in the chiasmatic region of the developing ferret
    • Reese BE, Maynard TM & Hocking DR (1994). Glial domains and axonal reordering in the chiasmatic region of the developing ferret. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 349: 303-324.
    • (1994) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.349 , pp. 303-324
    • Reese, B.E.1    Maynard, T.M.2    Hocking, D.R.3
  • 54
    • 0029034860 scopus 로고
    • Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: Uncrossed axons diverge from crossed axons within a midline glial specialization
    • Marcus RC, Blazeski R, Godement P & Mason CA (1995). Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: uncrossed axons diverge from crossed axons within a midline glial specialization. Journal of Neuroscience, 15: 3716-3729.
    • (1995) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.15 , pp. 3716-3729
    • Marcus, R.C.1    Blazeski, R.2    Godement, P.3    Mason, C.A.4
  • 55
    • 0029582959 scopus 로고
    • Crossed and uncrossed retinal axons respond differently to cells of the optic chiasm midline in vitro
    • Wang LC, Dani J, Godement P, Marcus RC & Mason CA (1995). Crossed and uncrossed retinal axons respond differently to cells of the optic chiasm midline in vitro. Neuron, 15: 1349-1364.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.15 , pp. 1349-1364
    • Wang, L.C.1    Dani, J.2    Godement, P.3    Marcus, R.C.4    Mason, C.A.5
  • 57
    • 0027793503 scopus 로고
    • Glia-neuron interactions at the midline of the developing mammalian brain and spinal cord
    • Silver J (1993). Glia-neuron interactions at the midline of the developing mammalian brain and spinal cord. Perspectives on Developmental Neurobiology, 1: 227-236.
    • (1993) Perspectives on Developmental Neurobiology , vol.1 , pp. 227-236
    • Silver, J.1
  • 58
    • 0035871282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical axon guidance by the glial wedge during development of the corpus callosum
    • Shu T & Richards LJ (2001). Cortical axon guidance by the glial wedge during development of the corpus callosum. Journal of Neuroscience, 21: 2749-2758.
    • (2001) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.21 , pp. 2749-2758
    • Shu, T.1    Richards, L.J.2
  • 59
    • 0020523906 scopus 로고
    • The indusium griseum and anterior hippocampal continuation in the rat
    • Wyss JM & Sripanidkulchai K (1983). The indusium griseum and anterior hippocampal continuation in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 219: 251-272.
    • (1983) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.219 , pp. 251-272
    • Wyss, J.M.1    Sripanidkulchai, K.2
  • 60
    • 0021258415 scopus 로고
    • The indusium griseum in the mouse: Architecture, Timm's histochemistry and some afferent connections
    • Adamek GD, Shipley MT & Sanders MS (1984). The indusium griseum in the mouse: architecture, Timm's histochemistry and some afferent connections. Brain Research Bulletin, 12: 657-668.
    • (1984) Brain Research Bulletin , vol.12 , pp. 657-668
    • Adamek, G.D.1    Shipley, M.T.2    Sanders, M.S.3
  • 61
    • 0017877398 scopus 로고
    • Development of the indusium griseum. I. A quantitative light microscopy study of neurons and glia
    • Sturrock RR (1978). Development of the indusium griseum. I. A quantitative light microscopy study of neurons and glia. Journal of Anatomy, 125: 293-298.
    • (1978) Journal of Anatomy , vol.125 , pp. 293-298
    • Sturrock, R.R.1
  • 62
    • 0017883224 scopus 로고
    • Development of the indusium griseum. II. A semi-thin light microscope and electron microscope study
    • Sturrock RR (1978). Development of the indusium griseum. II. A semi-thin light microscope and electron microscope study. Journal of Anatomy, 125: 433-445.
    • (1978) Journal of Anatomy , vol.125 , pp. 433-445
    • Sturrock, R.R.1
  • 63
    • 0024396624 scopus 로고
    • Transient pioneer neurons are essential for formation of an embryonic peripheral nerve
    • Klose M & Bentley D (1989). Transient pioneer neurons are essential for formation of an embryonic peripheral nerve. Science, 245: 982-984.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 982-984
    • Klose, M.1    Bentley, D.2
  • 64
    • 0022461523 scopus 로고
    • Cell recognition by neuronal growth cones in a simple vertebrate embryo
    • Kuwada J (1986). Cell recognition by neuronal growth cones in a simple vertebrate embryo. Science, 233: 740-746.
    • (1986) Science , vol.233 , pp. 740-746
    • Kuwada, J.1
  • 65
    • 0025122930 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for subplate neurons in the formation of thalamocortical connections
    • Ghosh A, Antonini A, McConnell SK & Shatz CJ (1990). Requirement for subplate neurons in the formation of thalamocortical connections. Nature, 347: 179-181.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 179-181
    • Ghosh, A.1    Antonini, A.2    McConnell, S.K.3    Shatz, C.J.4
  • 66
    • 0027510443 scopus 로고
    • A role for subplate pioneers in the patterning of connections from thalamus to neocortex
    • Ghosh A & Shatz CJ (1993). A role for subplate pioneers in the patterning of connections from thalamus to neocortex. Development, 117: 1031-1047.
    • (1993) Development , vol.117 , pp. 1031-1047
    • Ghosh, A.1    Shatz, C.J.2
  • 67
    • 0027942159 scopus 로고
    • Axons of early generated neurons in cingulate cortex pioneer the corpus callosum
    • Koester SE & O'Leary DDM (1994). Axons of early generated neurons in cingulate cortex pioneer the corpus callosum. Journal of Neuroscience, 14: 6608-6620.
    • (1994) Journal of Neuroscience , vol.14 , pp. 6608-6620
    • Koester, S.E.1    O'Leary, D.D.M.2
  • 68
    • 0032547697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing and origin of the first cortical axons to project through the corpus callosum and the subsequent emergence of callosal projection cells in mouse
    • Ozaki HS & Wahlstein D (1998). Timing and origin of the first cortical axons to project through the corpus callosum and the subsequent emergence of callosal projection cells in mouse. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 400: 197-206.
    • (1998) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.400 , pp. 197-206
    • Ozaki, H.S.1    Wahlstein, D.2
  • 69
    • 0035963067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for cingulate pioneering axons in the development of the corpus callosum
    • Rash BG & Richards LJ (2001). A role for cingulate pioneering axons in the development of the corpus callosum. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 434: 147-157.
    • (2001) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.434 , pp. 147-157
    • Rash, B.G.1    Richards, L.J.2
  • 70
    • 0023943126 scopus 로고
    • Development of intersecting CNS fiber tracts: The corpus callosum and its perforating fiber pathway
    • Hankin MH & Silver J (1988). Development of intersecting CNS fiber tracts: the corpus callosum and its perforating fiber pathway. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 272: 177-190.
    • (1988) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.272 , pp. 177-190
    • Hankin, M.H.1    Silver, J.2
  • 71
    • 0035817422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the perforating pathway: An ipsilaterally projecting pathway between the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca and the cingulate cortex that intersects the corpus callosum
    • Shu T, Shen WB & Richards LJ (2001). Development of the perforating pathway: an ipsilaterally projecting pathway between the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca and the cingulate cortex that intersects the corpus callosum. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 436: 411-422.
    • (2001) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.436 , pp. 411-422
    • Shu, T.1    Shen, W.B.2    Richards, L.J.3
  • 72
    • 0029972557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commissureless controls growth cone guidance across the CNS midline in Drosophila and encodes a novel membrane protein
    • Tear G, Harris R, Sutaria S, Kilomanski K, Goodman CS & Seeger MA (1996). Commissureless controls growth cone guidance across the CNS midline in Drosophila and encodes a novel membrane protein. Neuron, 16: 501-514.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 501-514
    • Tear, G.1    Harris, R.2    Sutaria, S.3    Kilomanski, K.4    Goodman, C.S.5    Seeger, M.A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.