New concepts in transthoracic defibrillation

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 785-807

  White, Roger D ^a,b  

^a City of Rochester Early Defibrillation Program   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SODIUM CHANNEL;

CARDIOVASCULAR EQUIPMENT; DEFIBRILLATION; ELECTRODE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EXCITATION; HEART DEPOLARIZATION; HEART DISEASE; HEART ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; HEART FUNCTION; HEART INJURY; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HUMAN; IMPEDANCE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REENTRY ARRHYTHMIA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TECHNOLOGY; WAVEFORM;

EID: 0036859398     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00028-7     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Beck CS, Pritchard WH, Feil HS. Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock. JAMA 1947;135:985-6.
2. Gurvich NL, Yuniev GS. Restoration of heart rhythm during fibrillation by a condenser discharge. Am Rev Soviet Med 1947;4:252-6.
3. Zoll PM, Linenthal AJ, Gibson W, et al. Termination of ventricular fibrillation in man by externally applied electric countershock. N Engl J Med 1956;254:727-32.
4. Jude JR, Kouwenhoven WB, Knickerbocker GG. An experimental and clinical study of a portable external cardiac defibrillator. Surg Forum 1962;13:185-7.
5. Kouwenhoven WB. The development of the defibrillator. Ann Intern Med 1969;71:449-57.
6. Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA 1962;182:548-55.
7. Edmark KW, Thomas GI, Jones TW. DC pulse defibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1966;51:326-33.
8. Weaver WD, Cobb LA, Copass MK, et al. Ventricular defibrillation - A comparative trial using 175-J and 320-J shocks. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1101-6.
9. Weaver WD, Copass MK, Hill DL, et al. Cardiac arrest treated with a new automatic external defibrillator by out-of-hospital first responders. Am J Cardiol 1986;57:1017-21.
10. Weaver WD, Hill D, Fahrenbruch CE, et al. Use of the automatic external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 1988;319:661-6.
11. Jalife J. Spatial and temporal organization in ventricular fibrillation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 1999;9:119-27.
12. Jalife J. Ventricular fibrillation: Mechanisms of initiation and maintenance. Annu Rev Physiol 2000;62:25-50.
13. Samie FH, Jalife J. Mechanisms underlying ventricular tachycardia and its transition to ventricular fibrillation in the structurally normal heart. Cardiovasc Res 2001;50:242-50.
14. Witkowski FX, Penkoske PA. Refractoriness prolongation by defibrillation shocks. Circulation 1990;82:1064-6.
15. Weiss JN, Chen PS, Qu Z, et al. Ventricular fibrillation: How do we stop the waves from breaking? Circ Res 2000;87:1103-7.
16. Weiss JN, Chen PS, Qu Z, et al. Electrical restitution and cardiac fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002;13:292-5.
17. Zipes DP, Fischer J, King RM, et al. Termination of ventricular fibrillation in dogs by depolarizing a critical amount of myocardium. Am J Cardiol 1975;36:37-44.
18. Witkowski FX, Penkoske PA, Plonsey R. Mechanism of cardiac defibrillation in open-chest dogs with unipolar DC-coupled simultaneous activation and shock potential recordings. Circulation 1990;82:244-60.
19. Chen P-S, Shibata N, Dixon EG, et al. Comparison of the defibrillation threshold and the upper limit of ventricular vulnerability. Circulation 1986;73:1022-8.
20. Wang NC, Lee M-H, Ohara T, et al. Optical mapping of ventricular defibrillation in isolated swine right ventricles. Demonstration of a postshock isoelectric window after nearthreshold defibrillation shocks. Circulation 2001;104:227-33.
21. Lindblom AE, Roth BJ, Trayanova NA. Role of virtual electrodes in arrhythmogenesis: Pinwheel experiment revisited. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:274-85.
22. Jones JL, Tovar OH. The mechanism of defibrillation and cardioversion. Proc IEEE 1996;84:392-403.
23. Tovar OH, Jones JL. Relationship between "extension of refractoriness" and probability of successful defibrillation. Am J Physiol 1997;272:H1011-9.
24. Dillon SM, Kwaku KF. Progressive depolarization: A unified hypothesis for defibrillation and fibrillation induction by shocks. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998;9:529-52.
25. Dillon SM. Optical recordings in the rabbit heart show that defibrillation strength shocks prolong the duration of depolarization and the refractory period. Circ Res 1991;69:842-56.
26. Kwaku KF, Dillon SM. Shock-induced depolarization of refractory myocardium prevents wave-front propagation in defibrillation. Circ Res 1996;79:957-73.
27. Dillon SM. Synchronized repolarization after defibrillation shocks. A possible component of the defibrillation process demonstrated by optical recordings in rabbit heart. Circulation 1992;85:1865-78.
28. Karagueuzian HS, Chen P-S. Cellular mechanism for reentry induced by a strong electrical stimulus: Implications for fibrillation and defibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2001;50:251-62.
29. Karagueuzian HS, Chen P-S. Fibrillation and defibrillation: The odd couple? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:642-4.
30. Chen P-S, Swerdlow CD, Hwang C, et al. Current concepts of ventricular defibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998;9:553-62.
31. Neunlist M, Tung L. Spatial distribution of cardiac transmembrane potentials around an extracellular electrode: Dependence on fiber orientation. Biophys J 1995;68:2310-22.
32. Keener JP, Lewis TJ. The biphasic mystery: Why a biphasic shock is more effective than a monophasic shock for defibrillation. J Theor Biol 1999;200:1-7.
33. Jones JL, Jones RE, Milne KB. Refractory period prolongation by biphasic defibrillator waveforms is associated with enhanced sodium current in a computer model of the ventricular action potential. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1994;41:60-8.
34. Jones JL, Tovar OH. Electrophysiology of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation. Crit Care Med 2000;28:N219-21.
35. Tovar OH, Jones JL. Biphasic defibrillation waveforms reduce shock-induced response duration dispersion between low and high shock intensities. Circ Res 1995;77:430-8.
36. Efimov IR, Aguel F, Cheng Y, et al. Virtual electrode polarization in the far field: Implications for external defibrillation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;279: H1055-70.
37. Efimov IR, Cheng Y, Van Wagoner DR, et al. Virtual electrode-induced phase singularity. A basic mechanism of defibrillation failure. Circ Res 1998;82:918-25.
38. Efimov IR, Cheng Y, Yamanouchi Y, et al. Direct evidence of the role of virtual electrode-induced phase singularity in success and failure of defibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:861-8.
39. Efimov IR, Gray RA, Roth BJ. Virtual electrodes and deexcitation: New insights into fibrillation induction and defibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:339-53.
40. Lindblom AE, Aguel F, Trayanova NA. Virtual electrode polarization leads to reentry in the far field. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12:946-56.
41. Cheng Y, Mowrey KA, Van Wagoner DR, et al. Virtual electrode-induced reexcitation. A mechanism of defibrillation. Circ Res 1999;85:1056-66.
42. Trayanova N, Skouibine K, Moore P. Virtual electrode effects in defibrillation. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 1998;69:387-403.
43. Skouibine K, Trayanova N, Moore P. Success and failure of the defibrillation shock: Insights from a simulation study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:785-96.
44. Skouibine KB, Trayanova NA, Moore PK. Anode/cathode make and break phenomena in a model of defibrillation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999;46:769-77.
45. Trayanova N. Concepts of ventricular defibrillation. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A 2001;359:1327-37.
46. Anderson C, Trayanova N, Skouibine K. Termination of spiral waves with biphasic shocks: Role of virtual electrode polarization. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:1386-96.
47. Tovar OH, Jones JL. Electrophysiological deterioration during long-duration ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 2000;102:2886-91.
48. Ideker RE, Chattipakorn N, Gray RA. Defibrillation mechanisms: The parable of the blind men and the elephant. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:1008-13.
49. American Heart Association and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 4: The automated external defibrillator. Circulation 2000;102:160-76.
50. Cummins RO, Hazinski MF, Kerber RE, et al. Low-energy biphasic waveform defibrillation: Evidence-based review applied to emergency cardiovascular care guidelines. Circulation 1998;97:1654-67.
51. Yamanouchi Y, Brewer JE, Mowrey KA, et al. Sawtooth first phase biphasic defibrillation waveform: A comparison with standard waveform in clinical devices. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997;8:517-28.
52. Mittal S, Ayati S, Stein KM, et al. Comparison of a novel rectilinear biphasic waveform with a damped sine wave monophasic waveform for transthoracic ventricular defibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1595-601.
53. Mittal S, Ayati S, Stein KM, et al. Transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Comparison of rectilinear biphasic versus damped sine wave monophasic shocks. Circulation 2000;101:1282-7.
54. Bain AC, Swerdlow CD, Love CJ, et al. Multicenter study of principles-based waveforms for external defibrillation. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:5-12.
55. Higgins SL, Herre JM, Epstein AE, et al. A comparison of biphasic and monophasic shocks for external defibrillation. Prehosp Emerg Care 2000;4:305-13.
56. White RD. Early out-of-hospital experience with an impedance-compensating low-energy biphasic waveform automatic external defibrillator. J Intervent Card Electrophysiol 1997;1:203-8.
57. Gliner BE, Jorgenson DB, Poole JE, et al. Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with a low-energy impedance-compensating biphasic waveform automatic external defibrillator. Biomed Instrum Technol 1998;32:631-44.
58. Poole JE, White RD, Kanz K-G, et al. Low-energy impedence-compensating biphasic waveforms terminate ventricular fibrillation at high rates in victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997;8:1373-85.
59. Gliner BE, White RD. Electrocardiographic evaluation of defibrillation shocks delivered to out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation 1999;41:133-44.
60. Schneider T, Martens PR, Paschen H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 150-J biphasic shocks compared with 200- to 360-J monophasic shocks in the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Circulation 2000;102:1780-7.
61. Martens PR, Russell JK, Wolcke B, et al. Optimal response to cardiac arrest study: Defibrillation waveform effects. Resuscitation 2001;49:233-43.
62. White RD, Hankins DG, Atkinson EJ. Patient outcomes following defibrillation with a low energy biphasic truncated exponential waveform in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2001;49:9-14.
63. White RD. Technologic advances and program initiatives in public access defibrillation using automated external defibrillators. Curr Opin Crit Care 2001;7:145-51.
64. Cummins RO, Eisenberg MS, Hallstrom AP, et al. What is a "save"? Outcome measures in clinical evaluations of automatic external defibrillators. Am Heart J 1985;110:1133-8.
65. White RD. External defibrillation: The need for uniformity in analyzing and reporting results. Ann Emerg Med 1998;32:234-6.
66. Jones JL, Milne KB. Dysfunction and safety factor strength-duration curves for biphasic defibrillator waveforms. Am J Physiol 1994;266:H263-71.
67. Jones JL, Jones RE, Balasky G. Microlesion formation in myocardial cells by high-intensity electric field stimulation. Am J Physiol 1987;253:H480-6.
68. Jones JL, Lepeschkin E, Jones RE, et al. Response of cultured myocardial cells to countershock-type electric field stimulation. Am J Physiol 1978;235:H214-22.
69. Jones JL, Proskauer CC, Paull WK, et al. Ultrastructural injury to chick myocardial cells in vitro following "electric countershock". Circ Res 1980;46:387-94.
70. Osswald S, Trouton TG, O'Nunain SS, et al. Relation between shock-related myocardial injury and defibrillation efficacy of monophasic and biphasic shocks in a canine model. Circulation 1994;90:2501-9.
71. Xie J, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. High-energy defibrillation increases the severity of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Circulation 1997;96:683-8.
72. Al-Khadra A, Nikolski V, Efimov IR. The role of electroporation in defibrillation. Circ Res 2000;87:797-804.
73. Tang W, Weil MH, Sun S, et al. The effects of biphasic and conventional monophasic defibrillation on postresuscitation myocardial function. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:815-22.
74. Niemann JT, Burian D, Garner D, et al. Monophasic versus biphasic transthoracic countershock after prolonged ventricular fibrillation in a swine model. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:932-8.
75. Niemann JT, Burian D, Garner D, et al. Transthoracic monophasic and biphasic defibrillation in a swine model: A comparison of efficacy, ST segment changes, and postshock hemodynamics. Resuscitation 2000;47:51-8.
76. Reddy RK, Gleva MJ, Gliner BE, et al. Biphasic transthoracic defibrillation causes fewer ECG ST-segment changes after shock. Ann Emerg Med 1997;30:127-34.