The Relationship between Animal Abundance and Body Size: A Review of the Mechanisms

Advances in Ecological Research

Volumn 28, Issue C, 1999, Pages 181-210

  Blackburn, T M ^a   Gaston, K J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956768532     PISSN: 00652504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60033-1     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Barlow N.D. Size distributions of butterfly species and the effect of latitude on species sizes. Oikos. 71 (1994) 326-332
2. Basset Y., and Kitching R.L. Species number, species abundance and body length of arboreal arthropods associated with an Australian rainforest tree. Ecol. Ent. 16 (1991) 391-402
3. Blackburn T.M., and Gaston K.J. Animal body size distributions: Patterns, mechanisms and implications. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9 (1994) 471-474
4. Blackburn T.M., and Gaston K.J. Abundance-body size relationships: The area you census tells you more. Oikos. 75 (1996) 303-309
5. Blackburn T.M., and Gaston K.J. A sideways look at patterns in species richness, or why there are so few species outside the tropics. Biodiv. Lett. 3 (1996) 44-53
6. Blackburn T.M., and Gatson K.J. Spatial patterns in the body sizes of bird species in the New World. Oikos. 77 (1996) 436-446
7. Blackburn T.M., and Gaston K.J. A critical assessment of the form of the interspecific relationship between abundance and body size in animals. J. Anim. Ecol. 66 (1997) 233-249
8. Blackburn T.M., and Gaston K.J. Who is rare? Artefacts and complexities in rarity determination. In: Kunin W.E., and Gaston K.J. (Eds). The Biology of Rarity. (1997), Chapman and Hall, London 48-60
9. Blackburn T.M., and Lawton J.H. Population abundance and body size in animal assemblages. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 343 (1994) 33-39
10. Blackburn T.M., Harvey P.H., and Pagel M.D. Species number, population density and body size in natural communities. J. Anim. Ecol. 59 (1990) 335-346
11. Blackburn T.M., Brown V.K., Doube B.M., Greenwood J.J.D., Lawton J.H., and Stork N.E. The relationship between body size and abundance in natural animal assemblages. J. Anim. Ecol. 62 (1993) 519-528
12. Blackburn T.M., Lawton J.H., and Pimm S.L. Non-metabolic explanations for the relationship between body size and animal abundance. J. Anim. Ecol. 62 (1993) 694-702
13. Blackburn T.M., Gates S., Lawton J.H., and Greenwood J.J.D. Relations between body size, abundance and taxonomy of birds wintering in Britain and Ireland. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 343 (1994) 135-144
14. Blackburn T.M., Lawton J.H., and Gregory R.D. Relationships between abundances and life histories of British birds. J. Anim. Ecol. 65 (1996) 52-62
15. Bock C.E., Cruz A., Grant M.C., Aid C.S., and Strong T.R. Field experimental evidence for diffuse competition among southwestern riparian birds. Am. Nat. 140 (1992) 815-828
16. Brown J.H. Macroecology. (1995), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
17. Brown J.H., and Maurer B.A. Body size, ecological dominance and Cope's Rule. Nature. 324 (1986) 248-250
18. Brown J.H., and Maurer B.A. Evolution of species assemblages: Effects of energetic constraints and species dynamics on the diversification of the American avifauna. Am. Nat. 130 (1987) 1-17
19. Brown J.H., and Maurer B.A. Macroecology: The division of food and space among species on continents. Science. 243 (1989) 1145-1150
20. Cope E.D. The Origin of the Fittest. (1887), D. Appleton and Co., New York
21. Cope E.D. The Primary Factors of Organic Evolution. (1896), Open Court Publ. Co., Chicago
22. Cotgreave P. The relationship between body size and population abundance in animals. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8 (1993) 244-248
23. Cotgreave P. The relationship between body size and abundance in a bird community: The effects of phytogeny and competition. Proc. R. Soc. B. 256 (1994) 147-149
24. Cotgreave P. Population density, body mass and niche overlap in Australian birds. Fund. Ecol. 9 (1995) 285-289
25. Cotgreave P., and Harvey P.H. Bird community structure. Nature. 353 (1991) 123
26. Cotgreave P., and Harvey P.H. Phylogeny and the relationship between body size and abundance in bird communities. Fund. Ecol. 8 (1994) 219-228
27. Cotgreave P., and Stockley P. Body size, insectivory and abundance in assemblages of small mammals. Oikos. 71 (1994) 89-96
28. Currie D.J. What shape is the relationship between body size and population density?. Oikos. 66 (1993) 353-358
29. Currie D.J., and Fritz J.T. Global patterns of animal abundance and species energy use. Oikos. 67 (1993) 56-68
30. Cushman J.H., Lawton J.H., and Manly B.F.J. Latitudinal patterns in European ant assemblages: Variation in species richness and body size. Oecologica. 95 (1993) 30-37
31. Cyr H., and Pace M.L. Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nature. 361 (1993) 148-150
32. Damuth J. Population density and body size in mammals. Nature. 290 (1981) 699-700
33. Damuth J. Interspecific allometry of population density in mammals and other animals: The independence of body mass and population energy use. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 31 (1987) 193-246
34. Diamond J., and Pimm S.L. Survival times of bird populations: A reply. Am. Nat. 142 (1993) 1030-1035
35. Elgar M.A., and Harvey P.H. Basal metabolic rates in mammals: Allometry, phylogeny and ecology. Funct. Ecol. 1 (1987) 25-36
36. Gaston K.J. Patterns in the local and regional dynamics of moth populations. Oikos. 53 (1988) 49-57
37. Gaston K.J. Rarity. (1994), Chapman and Hall, London
38. Gaston K.J., and Blackburn T.M. Birds, body size and the threat of extinction. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. bond. B. 347 (1995) 205-212
39. Gaston K.J., and Blackburn T.M. Global scale macroecology: Interactions between population size, geographic range size and body size in the Anseriformes. J. Anim. Ecol. 65 (1996) 701-714
40. Gaston K.J., and Blackburn T.M. Some conservation implications of geographic range size-body size relationships. Conserv. Biol. 10 (1996) 638-646
41. Gray J.S. Species-abundance patterns. In: Gee J.H.R., and Giller P.S. (Eds). The Organisation of Communities: Past and Present. (1987), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 53-67
42. Greenwood J.J.D., Gregory R.D., Harris S., Morris P.A., and Yalden D.W. Relations between abundance, body size and species number in British birds and mammals. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 351 (1996) 265-278
43. Gregory R.D. Species abundance patterns of British birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 257 (1994) 299-301
44. Gregory R.D. Phylogeny and relations among abundance, geographical range and body size of British breeding birds. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 349 (1995) 345-351
45. Gregory R.D., and Blackburn T.M. Abundance and body size in British birds: Reconciling regional and ecological densities. Oikos. 72 (1995) 151-154
46. Gumbel E.J. The distribution of the range. Ann. Mathemat. Stat. 18 (1947) 384-412
47. Haila Y. Calculating and miscalculating density: The role of habitat geometry. Ornis Scand. 19 (1988) 88-92
48. Haila Y., and Hanski I.K. Birds breeding on small islands and extinction risks. Am. Nat. 142 (1993) 1025-1029
49. Harvey P.H. Phylogenies for ecologists. J. Anim. Ecol. 65 (1996) 255-263
50. Harvey P.H., and Godfray H.C.J. How species divide resources. Am. Nat. 129 (1987) 318-320
51. Harvey P.H., and Lawton J.H. Patterns in three dimensions. Nature. 324 (1986) 212
52. Hawkins B.A., and Lawton J.H. Latitudinal gradients in butterfly body sizes: Is there a general pattern?. Oecologia. 102 (1995) 31-36
53. Hutchinson G.E. Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals?. Am. Nat. 93 (1959) 145-159
54. Juanes F. Population density and body size in birds. Am. Nat. 128 (1986) 921-929
55. Kaspari M., and Vargo E.L. Colony size as a buffer against seasonality: Bergmann's rule in social insects. Am. Nat. 145 (1995) 610-632
56. Kleiber M. The Fire of Life. (1962), Wiley, New York
57. Kozlowski J., and Weiner J. Interspecific allometries are byproducts of body size optimization. Am. Nat. (1996) (in press).
58. Lawton J.H. What is the relationship between population density and body size in animals?. Oikos. 55 (1989) 429-434
59. Lawton J.H. Species richness and population dynamics of animal assemblages. Patterns in body-size: Abundance space. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B. 330 (1990) 283-291
60. McNaughton S.J., Oesterheld M., Frank D.A., and Williams K.J. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats. Nature. 341 (1989) 142-144
61. Marquet P.A., Navarette S.A., and Castilla J.C. Scaling population density to body size in rocky intertidal communities. Science. 250 (1990) 1125-1127
62. Marquet P.A., Navarette S.A., and Castilla J.C. Body size, population density, and the energetic equivalence rule. J. Anim. Ecol. 64 (1995) 325-332
63. May R.M. Patterns of species abundance and diversity. In: Cody M.L., and Diamond J.M. (Eds). Ecology and Evolution of Communities. (1975), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 81-120
64. May R.M. The dynamics and diversity of insect faunas. In: Mound L.A., and Waloff N. (Eds). Diversity of Insect Faunas. (1978), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 188-204
65. Medel R.G., Bozinovic F., and Novoa F.F. The mass exponent in population energy use: The fallacy of averages reconsidered. Am. Nat. 145 (1995) 155-162
66. Morse D.R., Stork N.E., and Lawton J.H. Species number, species abundance and body length relationships of arboreal beetles in Bornean lowland rain forest trees. Ecol. Entomol. 13 (1988) 25-37
67. Nagy K.A. Field metabolic rate and food requirement scaling in mammals and birds. Ecol. Mon. 57 (1987) 111-128
68. Nee S., Harvey P.H., and Cotgreave P. Population persistence and the natural relationships between body size and abundance. In: Sandlund O.T., Hindar K., and Brown A.H.D. (Eds). Conservation of Biodiversity for Sustainable Development. (1992), Scandinavian University Press, Oslo 124-136
69. Nee S., Harvey P.H., and May R.M. Lifting the veil on abundance patterns. Proc. R. Soc. Land. B. 243 (1991) 161-163
70. Nee S., Read A.F., Greenwood J.J.D., and Harvey P.H. The relationship between abundance and body size in British birds. Nature. 351 (1991) 312-313
71. Pagel M.D., Harvey P.H., and Godfray H.C.J. Species abundance, biomass and resource use distributions. Am. Nat. 138 (1991) 836-850
72. Peters R.H. The Ecological Implications of Body Size. (1983), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
73. Peters R.H., and Raelson J.V. Relationships between individual size and mammalian population density. Am. Nat. 124 (1984) 498-517
74. Peters R.H., and Wassenberg K. The effect of body size on animal abundance. Oecologia. 60 (1983) 89-96
75. Pimm S.L., Jones H.L., and Diamond J. On the risk of extinction. Am. Nat. 132 (1988) 757-785
76. Poulin R. Evolutionary influences on body size in free-living and parasitic isopods. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 54 (1995) 231-244
77. Preston F.W. The commonness, and rarity, of species. Ecology. 29 (1948) 254-283
78. Preston F.W. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity. Ecology. 43 (1962) 185-215 410-432
79. Reiss M.J. The Allometry of Growth and Reproduction. (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
80. Robbins C.S., Bystrak D., and Geissler P.H. The Breeding Bird Survey: Its First Fifteen Years, 1965-1979 (1986), U. S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication 157, Washington, DC
81. Robinson S.K., and Terborgh J. Interspecific aggression and habitat selection by Amazonian birds. J. Anim. Ecol. 64 (1995) 1-11
82. Schonewald-Cox C., Azari R., and Blume S. Scale, variable density, and conservation planning for mammalian carnivores. Cons. Biol. 5 (1991) 491-495
83. Seber G.A.F. The Estimation of Animal Abundance and Related Parameters. 2nd edn. (1982), Macmillan, New York
84. Silva M., and Downing J.A. Allometric scaling of minimal mammal densities. Conserv. Biol. 8 (1994) 732-743
85. Silva M., and Downing J.A. The allometric scaling of density and body mass: A nonlinear relationship for terrestrial mammals. Am. Nat. 145 (1995) 704-727
86. Smallwood K.S., and Schonewald C. Scaling population density and spatial pattern for terrestrial mammalian carnivores. Oecologia. 105 (1996) 329-335
87. Smallwood K.S., Jones G., and Schonewald C. Spatial scaling of allometry for terrestrial, mammalian carnivores. Oecologia. 107 (1996) 588-594
88. Solonen T. Finnish bird fauna-species dynamics and adaptive constraints. Ornis Fenn. 71 (1994) 81-94
89. Stanley S.M. An explanation for Cope's Rule. Evolution. 27 (1973) 1-26
90. Strayer D.L. Body size and abundance of benthic animals in Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Freshw. Biol. 32 (1994) 83-90
91. Sugihara G. Minimal community structure: An explanation of species abundance patterns. Am. Nat. 116 (1980) 770-787
92. Sugihara G. How do species divide resources?. Am. Nat. 133 (1989) 458-463
93. Taylor C.M., and Gotelli N.J. The macroecology of Cyprinella: Correlates of phylogeny, body size and geographical range. Am. Nat. 144 (1994) 549-569
94. Tippett L.H.C. On the extreme individuals and the range of samples taken from a normal population. Biometrika. 17 (1925) 364-387
95. Tokeshi M. Niche apportionment or random assortment: Species abundance patterns revisited. J. Anim. Ecol. 59 (1990) 1129-1146
96. Tracy C.R., and George T.L. On the determinants of extinction. Am. Nat. 139 (1992) 102-122
97. Tracy C.R., and George T.L. Extinction probabilities for British Island birds: A reply. Am. Nat. 142 (1993) 1036-1037
98. Wagner H.M. Principles of Operation Research. (1969), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
99. Welsh A.H., Peterson A.T., and Altmann S.A. The fallacy of averages. Am. Nat. 132 (1988) 277-288
100. Zeveloff S.I., and Boyce M.S. Body size patterns in North American mammal faunas. In: Boyce M.S. (Ed). Evolution of Life Histories of Mammals. (1988), Yale University Press, New Haven, CT 123-146