Is late onset depression a prodrome to dementia?

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Volumn 17, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 997-1005

  Schweitzer, Isaac ^a,c   Tuckwell, Virginia ^a   O'Brien, John ^b   Ames, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b Department of Psychiatry ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c Melbourne Clinic   (Australia)

Author keywords

Apolipoprotein E gene; Dementia; Late life depression; Neuroimaging

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E4;

ALLELE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN ATROPHY; BRAIN CORTEX ATROPHY; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN VENTRICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FOLLOW UP; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GERIATRIC PATIENT; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LONG TERM CARE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MULTIINFARCT DEMENTIA; ONSET AGE; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; PSEUDODEMENTIA; REVIEW; TEMPORAL LOBE; WHITE MATTER;

AGE OF ONSET; AGED; APOLIPOPROTEINS E; ATROPHY; CEREBRAL CORTEX; COGNITION DISORDERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MIDDLE AGED; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 0036848842     PISSN: 08856230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/gps.525     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Abas MA, Sahakian BJ, Levy R. 1990. Neuropsychological deficits and CT changes in elderly depressives. Psychol Med 20: 507-520.
2. Alexopoulos GSS, Meyers B, Young RC, Campbell S, Silberweig D, Charlson M. 1997. 'Vascular depression' hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 915-922.
3. Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Young RC, Mattis S, Kakuma T. 1993a. The course of geriatric depression with 'reversible dementia': a controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 150: 1693-1699.
4. Alexopoulos GS, Young RC, Meyers BS. 1993b. Geriatric depression: age of onset and dementia. Biol Psychiatry 34: 141-145.
5. Alexopoulos GS, Young RC, Shindledecker RD. 1992. Brain computed tomography findings in geriatric depression and primary degenerative dementia. Biol Psychiatry 31: 591-599.
6. Ashtari M, Greenwald BS, Kramer-Ginsberg E, Hu J, Wu H, Patel M, et al. 1999. Hippocampal/amygdala volumes in geriatric depression. Psychol Med 29: 629-638.
7. Axelson DA, Doraiswamy PM, McDonald WM, Boyko OB, Tupler LA, Patterson LJ, et al. 1993. Hypercortisolemia and hippocampal changes in depression. Psychiatry Res 47: 163-173.
8. Baldwin RC, Walker S, Simpson SW, Jackson A, Burns A. 2000. The prognostic significance of abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging in late life depression: clinical outcome, mortality and progression to dementia at three years. Int J Ger Psych 15: 1097-1104.
9. Baldwin B. 1990. Age of onset of depression in the elderly. Brit J Psychiatry 156: 445-446.
10. Bremner JD, Narayan M, Anderson ER, Staib LH, Miller HL, Charney DS. 2000. Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression. Am J Psychiatry 157: 115-117.
11. Buntinx F, Kester A, Bergers J, Knottnerus JA. 1996. Is depression in elderly people followed by dementia? A retrospective cohort study based in general practice. Age Ageing 25: 231-233.
12. Chen P, Ganguli M, Mulsant BH, DeKosky ST. 1999. The temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia. A community-based prospective study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56: 261-266.
13. Chimowitz MI, Estes ML, Furlan AJ. 1992. Further observations on the pathology of subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Neurol 49, 747-752.
14. Coffey CE, Figiel GS, Djang WT, Weiner RD. 1990. Subcortical hyperintensity on MRI: a comparison of normal and depressed elderly subjects. Am J Psychiatry 147: 187-189.
15. Coffey CE, Wilkinson WE, Weiner RD, Parashos IA, Djang WT, Webb M, et al. 1993. Quantitative cerebral anatomy in depression: a controlled magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiat 50: 7-16.
16. Desmond P, Tress B, Ames D, O'Brien J, Clement J, Clement P, et al. 1994. Volumetric and visual assessment of the mesial temporal structures in Alzheimer's disease. Aust NZ J Med 25: 547-553.
17. Devanand DP, Sano M, Tang M-X, Taylor S, Gurland BJ, Wilder D, et al. 1996. Depressed mood and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly living in the community. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 175-182.
18. Dufouil C, Fuhrer R, Dartigues JF, Alperovitch A. 1996. Longitudinal analysis of the association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive deterioration. Am J Epidemiol 144: 634-641.
19. Elkis H, Friedman L, Wise A, Meltzer HY. 1995. Meta-analyses of studies of ventricular enlargement and cortical sulcal prominence in mood disorders. Comparisons with controls or patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiat 52: 735-746.
20. Emery VO, Oxman TE. 1992. Update on the dementia spectrum of depression. Am J Psychiatry 149: 305-317.
21. Fazekas F, Kleimert R, Offenbacher H. 1993. Pathologic correlates of incidential MRI white matter hyperintensities. Neurology 43: 1683-1689.
22. Figiel GS, Krishnan KR, Doraiswamy PM, Rao VP, Nemeroff CB, Boyko OB. 1991. Subcortical hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison between late age onset and early onset elderly depressed subjects. Neurobiol Aging 12: 245-247.
23. Greenwald BS, Kramer-Ginsberg E, Bogerts B, Ashtari M, Aupperle PM, Wu H, et al. 1997. Qualitative magnetic resonance imaging findings in geriatric depression. Possible link between later-onset depression and Alzheimer's disease? Psychol Med 27: 421-431.
24. Greenwald BS, Kramer-Ginsberg E, Krishnan KRR, Ashtari M, Aupperle PM, Patel M. 1996. MRI signal hyperintensities in geriatric depression. Am J Psychiatry 153: 1212-1215.
25. Henderson AS, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Mackinnon AJ, Jorm AF, Christensen H, Rodgers B. 1997. The course of depression in the elderly: a longitudinal community-based study in Australia. Psychol Med 27: 119-129.
26. Heun R, Kockler M, Papassotiropoulos A. 2000. Distinction of early- and late-onset depression in the elderly by their lifetime symptomatology. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15: 1138-1142.
27. Heun R, Mazanek M, Atzor K-R, Tintera J, Gawehn J, Burkart M, et al. 1997. Amygdala-hippocampal atrophy and memory performance in dementia of Alzheimer type. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 8: 329-336.
28. Hickie I, Scott E, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Austin M-P, Bennett, B. 1995. Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical correlates and prognostic significance in patients with severe depression. Biol Psychiatry 37: 151-160.
29. Hickie I, Scott E, Wilhelm K, Brodaty H. 1997. Subcortical hyper-intensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe depression - A longitudinal evaluation. Biol Psychiatry 42: 367-374.
30. Holmes C, Russ C, Kirov G, Aitchison KJ, Powell JF, Collier DA, Lovestone S. 1998. Apolipoprotein E, depressive illness, depressive symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 43: 159-164.
31. Holroyd S, Duryff JJ. 1997. Differences in geriatric psychiatry outpatients with early- vs late-onset depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 12: 1100-1106.
32. Jack C, Petersen R, O'Brien P, Andlos E. 1992. MR-based hippocampal volumetry in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 42: 183-188.
33. Jorm AF, Duijn CMV, Chandra V, Fratiglioni L, Graves AB, Heyman A, et al. 1991. Psychiatric history and related exposures as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a collaborative re-analysis of case control studies. Int J Epidemiol 20 (Suppl. 2): S43-S47.
34. Kiloh LG. 1961. Pseudodementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 37: 336-351.
35. Kokmen E, Beard CM, Chandra V, Offord KP, Schoenberg BS, Ballard DJ. 1991. Clinical risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-control study. Neurology 41: 1393-1397.
36. Kral VA, Emery OB. 1989. Long-term follow-up of depressive pseudodementia of the aged. Can J Psychiatry 34: 445-446.
37. Krishnan KR, Hays JC, Blazer DG. 1997. MRI-defined vascular depression. Am J Psychiatry 154: 497-501.
38. Krishnan KRR, Tupler LA, Ritchie JC, McDonald WM, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB, Carroll BJ. 1996. Apolipoprotein E e4 frequency in geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry 40: 69-71.
39. Krishnan KRR, Hays JC, Tupler LA, George LK, Blazer DG. 1995. Clinical and phenomenological comparisons of late-onset and early-onset depression. Am J Psychiatry 152: 785-788.
40. Kumar A, Bilker W, Jin Z, Udupa J, Gottlieb G. 1999. Age of onset of depression and quantitative neuroanatomic measures: absence of specific correlates. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 91: 101-110.
41. Laakso MP, Soininen H, Partanen K, Helkala E-L, Hartikainen P, Vainio P, et al. 1995. Volumes of hippocampus, amygdala and frontal lobes in the MRI-based diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease: correlation with memory function. J Neural Transm 9: 73-86.
42. Lesser IM, Boone KB, Mehringer M, Wohl MA, Miller BL, Berman NG. 1996. Cognition and white matter hyperintensities in older depressed patients. Am J Psychiatry 153: 1280-1287.
43. Lyness JM, Pearson JL, Lebowitz BD, Kupfer DJ. 1994. Age at onset of late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2: 4-8.
44. Miller DS, Kumar A, Yousem DM, Gottlieb GL. 1994. MRI high-intensity signals in late-life depression and Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2: 332-337.
45. O'Brien JT. 1997. The 'glucocorticoid cascade' hypothesis in man. Br J Psychiatry 170: 199-201.
46. O'Brien J, Ames D, Desmond P, Schweitzer I, Tress B. 1997. Magnetic Resonance Imaging correlates in memory impairment in the healthy elderly: associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy but not white matter lesions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 12: 369-374.
47. O'Brien J, Ames D, Schweitzer I. 1996a. White matter changes in depression and Alzheimer's disease: a review of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 11: 681-694.
48. O'Brien JT, Desmond P, Ames D, Schweitzer I, Harrigan S, Tress B. 1996b. A magnetic resonance imaging study of white matter lesions in depression and Alzheimer's disease. Brit J Psychiatry 168: 477-485.
49. O'Brien JT, Desmond P, Ames D, Schweitzer I, Tuckwell V, Tress B. 1994. The differentiation of depression from dementia by temporal lobe magnetic resonance imaging. Psychol Med 24: 633-640.
50. Pantel J, Schröder J, Schad LR, Friedlinger MKMV, Schmitt R, Geissler M, et al. 1997. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological functions in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychol Med 27: 221-229.
51. Papassotiropoulos A, Bagli M, Jessen F, Rao ML, Schwab S, Huen R. 1999. Early-onset and late-onset depression are independent of the genetic polymorphism of Apolipoprotein E. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10: 258-261.
52. Rabins PV, Pearlson GD, Aylward E, Kumar AJ, Dowell K. 1991. Cortical magnetic resonance imaging changes in elderly inpatients with major depression. Am J Psychiatry 148: 617-620.
53. Salloway S, Malloy P, Kohn R, Gillard E, Duffy J, Rogg J, et al. 1996. MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late life-onset geriatric depression. Neurology 46: 1567-1574.
54. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen B. 1986. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endo Rev 7: 284-301.
55. Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Leys D. 1995. Histopathologic correlates of white matter changes on MRI in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Neurology 45: 883-888.
56. Schmand B, Hooijer C, Jonker C, Lindeboom J, Havekes LM. 1998. Apolipoprotein E phenotype is not related to late-life depression in a population-base sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33: 21-26.
57. Sheline YI, Sanghavi M, Mintun MA, Gado MH. 1999. Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women. J Neurosci 19:5034-5043.
58. Speck CE, Kukull WA, Brenner DE, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, et al. 1995. History of depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiol 6: 366-369.
59. Steffens DC, Byrum CE, McQuoid DR, Greenberg DL, Payne ME, Blitchington TF, et al. 2000. Hippocampal volume in geriatric depression. Biol Psychiatry 48: 301-309.
60. Steffens DC, Plassman BL, Helms MJ, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Saunders AM, Breitner JCS. 1997. A twin study of late-onset depression and Apolipoprotein E e4 as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 41: 851-856.
61. Steingart A, Herrmann N. 1991. Major depressive disorder in the elderly: the relationship between age of onset and cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 6: 593-598.
62. Swann A, O'Brien J, Ames D, Schweitzer I, Desmond P, Tress B. 1997. Does hippocampal atrophy on MRI predict cognitive decline? A prospective follow-up study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 12: 1182-1188.
63. van Exel E, Stek ML, Deeg DJ, Beekman AT. The implication of selection bias in clinical studies of late life depression: an empirical approach. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15: 488-492.
64. van Ojen R, Hooijer C, Bezemer D, Jonker C, Lindeboom J, Van Tilburg W. 1995. Late life depressive disorder in the community I The relationship between MMSE score and depression in subjects with and without psychiatric history. Br J Psychiatry 166: 311-315.
65. van Reekum R, Simard M, Clarke D, Binns MA, Conn D. 1999. Late-life depression as a possible predictor of dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 7: 151-159.
66. van Swieten JC, Geyskes GG, Derix MMA, Peeck BM, Ramos LMP, van Latum JC, van Gijn J. 1991. Hypertension in the elderly is associated with white matter lesions and cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 30: 825-830.
67. Wells CE. 1979. Pseudodementia. Am J Psychiatry 136: 895-900.
68. Zubenko GS, Henderson R, Stiffler JS, Stabler S, Rosen J, Kaplan BB. 1996. Association of the APOE e4 allele with clinical subtypes of late life depression. Biol Psychiatry 40: 1008-1016. w