Lowering plasma homocysteine with folic acid in cardiovascular disease: What will the trials tell us?

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 165, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 1-3

  Doshi, Sagar N ^a   Moat, Stuart J ^b   McDowell, Ian F W ^b   Lewis, Malcolm J ^b   Goodfellow, Jonathan ^b  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; FOLIC ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD LEVEL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIETARY INTAKE; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOTHELIUM INJURY; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; META ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SHORT SURVEY; THROMBOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

EID: 0036839888     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00191-0     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. Boushey C.J., Beresford S.A., Omenn G.S., Motulsky A.G. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 274:(13):1995;1049-1057.
2. Anderson J.L., Muhlestein J.B., Horne B.D., Carlquist J.F., Bair T.L., Madsen T.E., Pearson R.R. Plasma homocysteine predicts mortality independently of traditional risk factors and C-reactive protein in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Circulation. 102:(11):2000;1227-1232.
3. Alfthan G., Pekkanen J., Jauhiainen M., Pitkaniemi J., Karvonen M., Tuomilehto J., Salonen J.T., Ehnholm C. Relation of serum homocysteine and lipoprotein(a) concentrations to atherosclerotic disease in a prospective Finnish population based study. Atherosclerosis. 106:(1):1994;9-19.
4. Evans R.W., Shaten B.J., Hempel J.D., Cutler J.A., Kuller L.H. Homocyst(e)ine and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17:(10):1997;1947-1953.
5. Folsom A.R., Nieto F.J., McGovern P.G., Tsai M.Y., Malinow M.R., Eckfeldt J.H., Hess D.L., Davis C.E. Prospective study of coronary heart disease incidence in relation to fasting total homocysteine, related genetic polymorphisms, and B vitamins: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Circulation. 98:(3):1998;204-210.
6. Graham I.M., Daly L.E., Refsum H.M., et al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 277:(22):1997;1775-1781.
7. Brattstrom L.E., Israelsson B., Jeppsson J.O., Hultberg B.L. Folic acid - an innocuous means to reduce plasma homocysteine. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 48:(3):1988;215-221.
8. Department of Health. Report on Health and Social Subjects 41. Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrient for te UK. London: HMSO, 1991;111. Ref Type: Report.
9. Ministry of Agriculture FaF. National food survey 1997. Annual report on food expenditure, consumption and nutrient intakes. London: The Stationary Office, 1998;120. Ref Type: Report.
10. Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' Collaboration. Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements;meta-analysis of randomised trials. Br Med J 1998; 316:894-898.
11. Malinow M.R., Duell P.B., Hess D.L., Anderson P.H., Kruger W.D., Phillipson B.E., Gluckman R.A., Block P.C., Upson B.M. Reduction of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels by breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid in patients with coronary heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 338:(15):1998;1009-1015.
12. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature. 362:(6423):1993;801-809.
13. Zeiher A.M., Drexler H., Saurbier B., Just H. Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 92:(2):1993;652-662.
14. Reddy K.G., Nair R.N., Sheehan H.M., Hodgson J.M. Evidence that selective endothelial dysfunction may occur in the absence of angiographic or ultrasound atherosclerosis in patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 23:(4):1994;833-843.
15. Heitzer T., Schlinzig T., Krohn K., Meinertz T., Munzel T. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 104:(22):2001;2673-2678.
16. Schachinger V., Britten M.B., Zeiher A.M. Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 101:(16):2000;1899-1906.
17. Doshi S.N., Lewis M.J., Goodfellow J. Improving endothelial vasomotor function. Br. Med. J. 323:(7309):2001;352-353.
18. Celermajer D.S., Sorensen K.E., Gooch V.M., Spiegelhalter D.J., Miller O.I., Sullivan I.D., Lloyd J.K., Deanfield J.E. Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet. 340:(8828):1992;1111-1115.
19. Chambers J.C., Ueland P.M., Obeid O.A., Wrigley J., Refsum H., Kooner J.S. Improved vascular endothelial function after oral B vitamins: an effect mediated through reduced concentrations of free plasma homocysteine. Circulation. 102:(20):2000;2479-2483.
20. Doshi S.N., McDowell I.F., Moat S.J., Lang D., Newcombe R.G., Kredan M.B., Lewis M.J., Goodfellow J. Folate improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease: an effect mediated by reduction of intracellular superoxide? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 21:(7):2001;1196-1202.
21. Title L.M., Cummings P.M., Giddens K., Genest J.J., Nassar B.M. Effect of folic acid and antioxidant vitamins on endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 36:(3):2000;758-765.
22. Doshi S.N., McDowell I.F.W., Moat S.J., Payne N., Durrant H.J., Lewis M.J., Goodfellow J. Folic acid improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease via mechanisms largely independent of homocysteine lowering. Circulation. 105:2002;22-26.
23. Usui M., Matsuoka H., Miyazaki H., Ueda S., Okuda S., Imaizumi T. Endothelial dysfunction by acute hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia: restoration by folic acid. Clin. Sci. (Colch.). 96:(3):1999;235-239.
24. Verhaar M.C., Wever R.M., Kastelein J.J., van Dam T., Koomans H.A., Rabelink T.J. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation. 97:(3):1998;237-241.
25. Stroes E.S., van Faassen E.E., Yo M., Martasek P., Boer P., Govers R., Rabelink T.J. Folic acid reverts dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Circ. Res. 86:(11):2000;1129-1134.