Land use history, environment, and tree composition in a tropical forest

Ecological Applications

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 1344-1363

  Thompson, Jill ^a   Brokaw, Nicholas ^a   Zimmerman, Jess K ^a   Waide, Robert B ^b   Everham III, Edwin M ^c   Lodge, D Jean ^d   Taylor, Charlotte M ^e   García Montiel, Diana ^a,g   Fluet, Marcheterre ^f,h  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^c FLORIDA GULF COAST UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d USDA Forest Service Luquillo   (Puerto Rico)

^e MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN   (United States)

^f HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g ECOSYSTEMS CENTER   (United States)

^h Natural Resources Section   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Conservation; Disturbance; Land use history; Luquillo Experimental Forest; Puerto Rico; Soil; Species diversity; Topography; Tree community; Tropical forest

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CONSERVATION PLANNING; DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HISTORICAL ECOLOGY; LAND USE; TREE; TROPICAL FOREST;

LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS; PUERTO RICO;

EID: 0036826034     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[1344:LUHEAT]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Aide, T. M., J. K. Zimmerman, M. Rosario, and H. Marcano, 1996. Forest recovery in abandoned cattle pastures along an elevational gradient in northeastern Puerto Rico. Biotropica 28:537-548.
2. Archivos Generales de Puerto Rico. 1854. Caja 190. Oficio y circular que trata sobre el despojo de los derechos que tiene adquiridos el Duque Mahón Crillón sobre terrenos baldíos que le fueron concedidos. Obras Públicas, Propiedad Pública. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
3. Archivos Generales de Puerto Rico. 1865. Caja 191. Don Juan Césares Rodriguez pidiendo un sobrante de tierra que existe en la estancia denominada "El Verde" que poseía en el Barrio de Guzman. Obras Públicas, Propiedad Pública. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
4. Archivos Generales de Puerto Rico. 1866. Caja 190. Expedientes sobre concesión de terrenos a los hermanos Merle. Obras Públicas. Propiedad Pública. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
5. Archivos Generales de Puerto Rico. 1885. Caja 192. Expediente relativo a una finca de cuerdas que posee el estado en el barrio de Guzman. Obras Públicas, Propiedad Pública. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
6. Archivos Generales de Puerto Rico. 1905. Caja 194. Informe de la investigación practicada en los terrenos públicos de Río Grande. Obras Públicas, Propiedad Pública. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
7. Ashton, P. S. 1969. Speciation among tropical forest trees: some deductions in light of recent evidence. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 1:155-196.
8. Baillie, I. C., P. S. Ashton, M. Court, J. A. R. Anderson, E. A. Fitzpatrick, and J. Tinsely. 1987. Site characteristics and the distribution of tree species in Mixed Dipterocarp Forest of Tertiary sediments in central Sarawak. Journal of Tropical Ecology 3:201-220.
9. Basnet, K. 1992. Effect of topography on the pattern of trees in a tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa) forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 24:31-42.
10. Beard, J. S. 1944. Climax vegetation in tropical America. Ecology 25:127-158.
11. Birdsey, R. A., and P. L. Weaver. 1987. Forest area trends in Puerto Rico. Research note SO-331, USDA Forest Service, Southern Experimental Station, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
12. Boose, E. R., D. R. Foster, and M. Fluet. 1994. Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecological Monographs 64:369-400.
13. Brokaw, N. V. L. 1998. Cecropia schreberiana in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Botanical Review 64:91-120.
14. Brokaw, N. V. L., J. S. Grear, K. J. Tripplett, A. A. Whitman, and E. P. Mallory. 1997. The Quebrada de Oro forest of Belize: exceptional structure and high species richness. Tropical Ecology 38:247-258.
15. Brokaw, N., and J. Thompson. 2000. The H for DBH. Forest Ecology and Management 129:89-91.
16. Brosius, J. P. 1990. After Duwagan: deforestation, succession, and adaptation in upland Luzon, Philippines. Michigan Studies of South and Southeast Asia Number 2, Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
17. Brown, S., and A. E. Lugo. 1990. Tropical secondary forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:1-32.
18. Brown, S., A. E. Lugo, S. Silander, and L. Liegel. 1983. Research history and opportunities in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report SO-44, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
19. Burslem, D. F. R. P., T. C. Whitmore, and N. Denmark. 1998. A thirty year record of forest dynamics from Kolombangara, Solomon Islands. Pages 633-645 in F. Dallmeier and J. A. Comiskey, editors. Forest biodiversity research, monitoring, and modeling: conceptual background and Old World case studies. Man and the Biosphere Series, Volume 20. Parthenon Publishing Group, Pearl River, New York, USA.
20. Bush, M. B., and P. A. Colinvaux. 1994. Tropical forest disturbance: paleoecolgical records from Darien, Panama. Ecology 75:1761-1768.
21. Cannon, C. D., D. R. Peart, and M. Leighton. 1998. Tree species diversity in commercially logged Bornean rainforest. Science 281:1366-1368.
22. Clark, D. A., D. B. Clark, R. Sandoval, and M. V. Castro. 1995. Edaphic and human effects on landscape-scale distributions of tropical rain forest palms. Ecology 76:2581-2594.
23. Clark, D. B. 1996. Abolishing virginity. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12:735-739.
24. Clarke, K. R. 1993. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:117-143.
25. Condit, R. 1995. Research in large, long-term tropical forest plots. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10:18-22.
26. Condit, R. 1998. Tropical forest census plots: methods and results from Barro Colorado Island. Panama, and a comparison with other plots. Springer-Verlag, Bertin, Germany.
27. Condit, R., S. P. Hubbell, J. V. LaFrankie, R. Sukumar, N. Manokoran, R. B. Foster, and P. S. Ashton. 1996. Species-area and species-individual relationships for tropical trees: a comparison of three 50 ha plots. Journal of Ecology 84:549-562.
28. Crow, T. R., and D. F. Grigal. 1979. Numerical analysis of arborescent communities in the rain forest of the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. Vegetatio 40:135-146.
29. Dallmeier, F., and J. A. Comiskey, editors. 1998. Forest biodiversity research, monitoring and modeling: conceptual background and Old World case studies. Man and the Biosphere Series, Volume 20. Parthenon Publishing Group, Pearl River, New York, USA.
30. Doyle, T. W. 1981. The role of disturbance in the gap dynamics of a montane rain forest: an application of a tropical forest succession model. Pages 56-73 in D. C. West, H. H. Shugart, and D. B. Botkin, editors. Forest succession: concepts and application. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
31. Duivenvoorden, J. F. 1996. Patterns of tree species richness in a rain forests of the Middle Caquetá area, Colombia, NW Amazonia. Biotropica 28:142-158.
32. Everham, E. M., III. 1996. Hurricane damage and recovery: an empirical and simulation study of vegetation dynamics in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Dissertation. College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, USA.
33. Ewel, J. J., and J. L. Whitmore. 1973. The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands. Forest Service Research Papers ITF-18. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA.
34. Finegan, B. 1996. Pattern and process in neotropical secondary rain forests: the first 100 years of succession. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:119-124.
35. Foster, D. R. 1992. Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. Journal of Ecology 80:753-771.
36. Foster, D. R., M. Fluet, and E. R. Boose. 1999. Human or natural disturbance: landscape-scale dynamics of the tropical forests of Puerto Rico. Ecological Applications 9:555-572.
37. Foster, R. B., and N. V. L. Brokaw. 1982. Structure and history of the vegetation of Barro Colorado Island. Pages 67-81 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
38. Fujisaka, S., G. Escobar, and E. Veneklaas. 1998. Plant community diversity relative to human land uses in an Amazon forest colony. Biodiversity and Conservation 7:41-57.
39. García-Montiel, D. C. 2002. El legado de la actividad humana en los bosques neotropicales contemporaneos. Pages 97-116 in M. R. Guariguata and G. H. Kattan, editors. Ecología y conservacíon de Bosques. Libro Universitario Regional, Cartago, Costa Rica.
40. García-Montiel, D. C., and F. N. Scatena. 1994. The effect of human activity on the structure and composition of a tropical forest in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management 63:57-78.
41. Gerhart, G. A. 1934. Tract 11. Land Acquisition Supplementary Report, Luquillo Purchase Unit, Caribbean National Forest, USDA Forest Service. Open File Report. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Catalina Service Station, Palmer, Puerto Rico, USA.
42. Glitzenstein, J. S., C. D. Canham, M. J. McDonnell, and D. R. Streng. 1990. Effects of environment and land use history on upland forests of the Cary Arboretum, Hudson Valley, New York. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 117:106-122.
43. Gómez-Pompa, A., and A. Kaus. 1990. Traditional management of tropical forests in Mexico. Pages 45-64 in A. B. Anderson, editor. Alternatives to deforestation: steps toward sustainable use of the Amazon rain forest. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
44. Gordon, B. L. 1982. A Panama forest and shore: natural history and Amerindian culture in Bocas del Toro. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, California, USA.
45. Grieser Johns, A. 1997. Timber production and biodiversity conservation in tropical forests. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
46. Guariguata, M. R. 1990. Landslide disturbance and forest regeneration in the upper Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Journal of Ecology 78:814-832.
47. Hartshorn, G. S. 1978. Treefalls and tropical forest dynamics. Pages 617-638 in P. B. Tomlinson and M. H. Zimmerman, editors. Tropical trees as living systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
48. Hartshorn, G. S. 1980. Neotropical forest dynamics. Biotropica 12:23-30.
49. Henderson, A., G. Galeano, and B. Bernal. 1995. Field guide to the palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
50. Horn, S. P., and R. L. Sanford. 1992. Holocene fires in Costa Rica. Biotropica 24:354-361.
51. Hörnberg, G., L. Östlund, O. Zackrisson, and I. Bergman. 1999. The genesis of two Picea - Cladina forests in northern Sweden. Journal of Ecology 87:800-814.
52. Hubbell, S. P., and R. B. Foster. 1986. Commonness and rarity in a neotropical forest: implications for tropical tree conservation. Pages 205-231 in M. E. Soulé editor. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Press, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
53. Jans, L., L. Poorter, R. S. A. R. van Rompaey, and F. Bongers. 1993. Gaps and forest zones in tropical moist forest in Ivory Coast. Biotropica 25:258-269.
54. Johnston, M. H. 1992. Soil - vegetation relationships in a tabonuco forest community in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 8:253-263.
55. Kellman, M., and R. Tackaberry. 1997. Tropical environments: the functioning and management of tropical ecosystems. Routledge, London, UK.
56. Lambert, J. D. H., and J. T. Arnason. 1982. Ramón and Maya ruins: an ecological, not an economic, relation. Science 216:289-299.
57. Leigh, E. G., Jr. 1999. Tropical forest ecology: a view from Barro Colorado Island. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
58. Liogier, H. A. 1985, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1997. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Volumes I, II, III, IV, and V. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA.
59. Little, E. L., Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth. 1964. Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Agriculture Handbook No. 249, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
60. Little, E. L., Jr., and R. O. Woodbury. 1976. Trees of the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico. Forest Service Research Paper ITF-20. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA.
61. Little, E. L., Jr., R. O. Woodbury, and F. H. Wadsworth. 1974. Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, second volume. Agriculture Handbook No. 449, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C., USA.
62. Lugo, A. E. 1995. Management of tropical biodiversity. Ecological Applications 5:956-961.
63. Lugo, A. E., J. G F. Colón, and F. N. Scatena. 1999. The Caribbean. Pages 593-622 in M. G. Barbour and D. W. Billings, editors. North American terrestrial vegetation. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
64. Lugo, A. E., and F. N. Scatena. 1995. Ecosystem-level properties of the Luquillo Experimental Forest with emphasis on the tabonuco forest. Pages 59-108 in A. E. Lugo and C. Lowe, editors. Tropical forests: management and ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
65. Margalef, R. 1968. Perspectives in ecological theory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
66. Marrero, J. 1947. A survey of the forest plantations of the Caribbean National Forest. Thesis. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
67. McCune, B., and M. J. Mefford. 1997. PC-ORD: multivariate analysis of ecological data. Version 2.0. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
68. Meave, J., and M. Kellman, 1994. Maintenance of rain forest diversity in riparian forests of tropical savannas: implications for species conservation during Pleistocene drought, Journal of Biogeography 21:121-135.
69. Motzkin, G., P. Wilson, D. R. Foster, and A. Allen. 1999. Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: the importance of history and environment. Journal of Vegetation Science 10:903-920.
70. Newbery, D. McC., E. Renshaw, and E. F. Brunig. 1986. Spatial pattern of trees in kerangas forest. Sarawak. Vegetatio 65:77-89.
71. Odum, H. T. 1970. The El Verde study area and the rain forest systems of Puerto Rico. Pages B3-B32 in H. T. Odum and R. F. Pigeon, editors. A tropical rain forest: a study of irradiation and ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
72. Odum, H. T., and R. F. Pigeon, editors. 1970. A tropical rain forest: a study of irradiation and ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
73. Pérez, J. W. 1970. Relation of crown diameter to stem diameter in forests of Puerto Rico, Dominica, Thailand. Pages B105-B122 in H. T. Odum and R. F. Pigeon, editors. A tropical rain forest: a study of irradiation and ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
74. Perfecto, I., R. A. Rice, R. Greenberg, and M. E. Van der Voort. 1996. Shade coffee: a disappearing refuge for biodiversity. BioScience 46:598-608.
75. Peters, C. M. 2000. Precolumbian silviculture and indigenous management of Neotropical forests. Pages 203-223 in D. L. Lentz, editor. Imperfect balance: landscape transformations in the Precolumbian Americas. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.
76. Piperno, D. R. 1990. Fitolitos, arqueología y cambios prehistóricos de la vegetación en un lote de cincuenta hectáreas de la isla de Barro Colorado. Pages 153-156 in E. G. Leigh, Jr., A. S. Rand, and D. M. Windsor, editors. Ecología de un bosque tropical: ciclos estacionales y cambios a largo plazo. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
77. Pitman, N., J. Terborgh, M. R. Silman, and P. Nuñez. 1999. Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest. Ecology 80:2651-2661.
78. Poorter, L., L. Jans, R. S. A. R. van Rompaey, and F. Bongers. 1994. Spatial distribution of gaps along three catenas in the moist forest of Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10:385-398.
79. Proctor, J., and R. P. Miller. 1998. Human occupation on the Ilha de Maracá: preliminary notes. Pages 431-442 in W. Milliken and J. A. Ratter, editors. Maracá: ecology and diversity of an Amazonian rainforest. John Wiley, New York, New York, USA.
80. Saldarriaga, J., D. C. West, M. L. Tharp, and C. Uhl. 1988. Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Río Negro of Colombia and Venezuela, Journal of Ecology 76:938-958.
81. Sanford, R. L., J. Saldarriaga, K. E. Clark, C. Uhl, and R. Herrera. 1985. Amazon rainforest fires. Science 227:53-55.
82. Scatena, F. N., and M. C. Larsen. 1991. Physical aspects of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:317-323.
83. Scatena, F. N., and A. E. Lugo. 1995. Geomorphology, disturbance, and the soil and vegetation of two subtropical wet steepland watersheds of Puerto Rico. Geomorphology 13:199-213.
84. Soil Survey Staff. 1995. Order 1 Soil Survey of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Grid, Puerto Rico. USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
85. Soriano-Ressy, M., A. P. Desmarais, and J. W. Pérez. 1970. A comparison of environments of rain forests in Dominica, British West Indies, and Puerto Rico. Pages B329-B346 in H. T. Odum and R. F. Pigeon, editors. A tropical rain forest: a study of irradiation and ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
86. Taylor, D., R. A. Marchant, and P. Robertshaw. 1999. A sediment-based history of medium altitude forest in central Africa: a record from Kabata Swamp, Ndale volcanic field, Uganda. Journal of Ecology 87:303-315.
87. Thomlinson, J. R., M. I. Serrano, T. del M. López, T. M. Aide, and J. K. Zimmerman. 1996. Land-use dynamics in a post-agricultural Puerto Rican landscape (1936-1988). Biotropica 28:525-536.
88. Turner, I. M., Y. K. Wong, P. T. Chew, and Ali Bin Ibrahim. 1997. Tree species richness in primary and old secondary tropical forest in Singapore. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:537-543.
89. Wadsworth, F. H. 1997. Forest production in tropical America. USDA Handbook 710. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, USA.
90. Wadsworth, R. K. 1970. Point-quarter sampling of forest type-site relations at El Verde. Pages B97-B104 in H. T. Odum and R. F. Pigeon, editors. A tropical rain forest: a study of irradiation and ecology at El Verde, Puerto Rico. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, USA.
91. Waide, R. B., and D. P. Reagan. 1996. The rain forest setting. Pages 1-16 in D. P. Reagan and R. B. Waide, editors. The food web of a tropical rain forest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
92. Walsh, R. P. D. 1996. Climate. Pages 159-205 in P. W. Richards. The tropical rain forest: an ecological study. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
93. Weaver, P. L. 1989. Forest changes after hurricanes in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Interciencia 14:181-192.
94. Weaver, P. L. 2000. Elfin woodland recovery 30 years after a plane wreck in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Caribbean Journal of Science 36:1-9.
95. Whitmore, T. C., and D. F. R. P. Burslem. 1998. Major disturbances in tropical rainforests. Pages 549-565 in D. M. Newbery, H. H. T. Prins, and N. D. Brown, editors. Dynamics of tropical communities. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
96. Whittaker, R. J. 1998. Island biogeography: ecology, evolution, and conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
97. Willig, M. R., D. L. Moorhead, S. B. Cox, and J. C. Zak, 1996. Functional diversity of soil bacterial communities in the tabonuco forest: interaction of anthropogenic and natural disturbance. Biotropica 28:471-483.
98. Zimmerman, J. K., T. M. Aide, M. Rosario, M. Serrano, and L. Herrera. 1995. Effects of land management and a recent hurricane on forest structure and composition in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management 77:65-76.
99. Zimmerman, J. K., E. M. Everham III, R. B. Waide, D. J. Lodge, C. M. Taylor, and N. V. L. Brokaw. 1994. Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical tree life histories. Journal of Ecology 82:911-922.
100. Zou, X., C. P. Zucca, R. B. Waide, and W. H. McDowell. 1995. Long-term influence of deforestation on tree species composition and litter dynamics of a tropical rain forest in Puerto Rico. Forest Ecology and Management 78:147-157.