The genesis of two Picea-Cladina forests in northern Sweden

Journal of Ecology

Volumn 87, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 800-814

  Hornberg G ^a   Ostlund L ^a   Zackrisson, O ^a   Bergman, I ^b  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b Torget ^*  (Sweden)

Author keywords

Fire; Forest history; Forest types; Picea abies; Vegetation dynamics

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE; FIRE; FOREST; HERBIVORY; HISTORY; POLLEN ANALYSIS; SWEDEN;

DISTURBANCE; FIRE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; VEGETATION HISTORY;

SWEDEN;

CLADINA; PICEA; PICEA ABIES; PINUS;

EID: 0345581436     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00399.x     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Ahti, T. (1959) Studies on the caribou lichen stands of Newfoundland. Annales Botanici Fennici Vannamo, 30, 1-44.
2. Ahti, T. (1977) Lichens of the boreal coniferous zone. Lichen Ecology (ed. M.R.D. Seaward), pp. 145-181. Academic Press, London, UK.
3. Ahti, T. & Oksanen, J. (1990) Epigeic lichen communities of taiga and tundra regions. Vegetatio, 86, 39-70.
4. Andersson, M.K. (1994) Prehistoric anthropogenic wildland burning by hunter-gatherer societies in the temperate regions. Chemosphere, 29, 913-934.
5. Anonymous (1932) Uppskattning av Sveriges skogstillgångar verkställd åren 1923-29. Redogörelse avgiven av Riksskogstaxeringsnämnden. SOU, 26, Kungliga Boktryckeriet PA Norstedt & Söner, Stockholm, Sweden.
6. Anonymous (1996) Väder Och Vatten. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden.
7. Aronsson, K.-Å. (1991) Forest reindeer herding AD 1-1800. An archeological and palaeoecological study in northern Sweden. Archeology and Environment, 10, 1-124.
8. Aronsson, K.-Å. (1994) Pollen evidence of Saami settlement and reindeer herding in the boreal forests of northernmost Sweden - an example of modern pollen rain studies as an aid in the interpretation of marginal human interference from fossil pollen data. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 82, 37-45.
9. Behre, K.-E. (1988) The role of man in European vegetation history. Vegetation History (eds B. Huntley & T. Webb III), pp. 633-672. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
10. Bergman, I. (1995) Från Döudden till Varghalsen. En studie av kontinuitet och förändring inom ett fångstsamhälle i övre norrlands inland, 5200 f. Kr 400 e. Kr. Studia Archaeologica Universitatis Umensis, 7, 1-245.
11. Bonan, G.B. (1992) Processes in boreal forests. System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest (eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan), pp. 85-125. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
12. Bos, J.A.A. & Janssen, C.R. (1996) Local impact of Paleolithic man on the environment during the end of the last glacial in the Netherlands. Journal of Archaeological Science. 23, 731-739.
13. Bowman, S. (1990) Radiocarbon Dating. British Museum Publications Ltd, London, UK.
14. Bradshaw, R.H.W. (1988) Spatially precise studies of forest dynamics. Vegetation History (eds B. Huntley & T. Webb III), pp. 725-751. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
15. Bylund, E. (1956) Koloniseringen av Pite lappmark t o m 1867. Geographica, 30, 1-447.
16. Cajander, A.K. (1909) Uber waldtypen. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 1 (1), 1-175.
17. Cajander, A.K. (1926) The theory of forest types. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 29 (3), 1-108.
18. Cajander, A.K. & Ilvessalo, Y. (1922) Uber waldtypen. II. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 20 (1), 1-77.
19. Campbell, Å. (1948) Från Vildmark Till Bygd. Skrifter utgivna genom landsmål-och folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala, Serie B: 5. Bokförlaget Hermes AB, Uddevalla, pp. 1-272. Einar Munksgaard, Köpenhamn, Denmark.
20. Campbell, I.D. & McAndrews, J.H. (1993) Forest disequilibrium caused by rapid Little Ice Age cooling. Nature, 366, 336-338.
21. Carcaillet, C. (1998) A spatially precise study of Holocene fire history, climate and human impact within the Maurienne valley, North French Alps. Journal of Ecology, 86, 384-396.
22. Carpelan, C. & Hicks, S. (1995) Ancient Saami in Finnish Lapland and their impact on the forest vegetation. Ecological Relations in Historic Times (eds R.A. Butlin & N. Roberts), pp. 193-205. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
23. Chung, M.S. (1981) Flowering characteristics of Pinus sylvestris L. with special emphasis on the reproductive adaptation to local temperature factor. Acta Forestalia Fennia, 169, 5-68.
24. Du Rietz, G.E. (1921) Zur Methodologishen Grundlage der Modernen Pflanzensoziologie. Du Rietz, Uppsala, Sweden.
25. Ebeling, F. (1978) Nordsvenska skogstyper. Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift, 76, 340-381.
26. Emanuelsson, U. (1987) Human influence on vegetation in the Torneträsk area during the last three centuries. Ecological Bulletins, 38, 95-111.
27. Erdtman, G. (1943) Pollenspektra från Svenska växtsamhällen jämte pollenanalytiska markstudier i södra Lappland. Geologiska Föreningens Förhandlingar, 65, 37-66.
28. Erlandsson, U. (1953) Bidrug till kännedom om heddegenerationen i övre Dalarnas tallskogar. Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift, 51, 275-295.
29. Foster, D.R. (1985) Vegetation development following fire in Picea mariana (Black spruce) - Pleurozium forests of south-eastern Labrador, Canada. Journal of Ecology, 73, 517-534.
30. Frödin, J. (1952) Skogar och myrar i norra Sverige i deras funktion som betesmark och slåtter. Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning Serie B 66: Skrifter, pp. 1-256. H. Aschenhoug, Oslo, Norway.
31. Gadd, P.A. (1780) Upgift för nybyggare i Sveriges fjälltrakter til et lämpeligt landtbruk. Kungliga Vetenskaps Akademiens Nya Handlingar, 1780, 143-156.
32. Granström, A. (1993) Spatial and temporal variation in lightning ignitions in Sweden. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 737-744.
33. Grundström. H. (1948) Lulelapsk ordbok. Skrifter utgivna av Landsmål och folkminnesarkiret i Uppsala. Serie C: 1. Lundequistska bokh, Uppsala, Sweden.
34. Haapasaari, M. (1988) The oligotrophic heath vegetation of northern Fennoscandia and its zonation. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 135, 1-219.
35. Hägglund, B. & Lundmark, J.-E. (1984) Handledning I Bonitering. Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping, Sweden.
36. Hicks, S. (1988) The representation of different farming practices in pollen diagrams from northern Finland. The Cultural Landscape - Past, Present and Future (eds H.H. Birks, H.J.B. Birks, P.E. Kaland & D. Moe), pp. 189-207. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
37. Hicks, S. (1993) Pollen evidence of localized impact on the vegetation of norhernmost Finland by hunter-gatherers. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2, 137-144.
38. Hicks, S. (1995) The history of a wilderness area in Finnish Lapland as revealed by pollen analysis. Arctic Centre Publications, 7, 126-140.
39. Hoeg, O.A. (1975) Planter Og Tradisjon. Floran I Levende Tale Og Tradisjon I Norge 1925-73. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway.
40. Hoppe, G. (1944) Den äldsta fasta bosättningen inom Norrbottens läns lappmarker. Geographica, 15, 1-123.
41. Hörnberg, G., Ohlson, M. & Zackrisson, O. (1995) Stand dynamics, regeneration patterns and long-term continuity in boreal old-growth Picea abies swamp-forests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 291-298.
42. Hultblad, F. (1968) Övergång från nomadism till agrar bosätlning i Jokkmokks socken. Acta Lapponica, 14, 1-451.
43. Kimmins, J.P. (1997) Forest Ecology. Macmillan, New York, NY.
44. Korsman, T. & Segerström, U. (1998) Forest fire and lake-water acidity in a northern Swedish boreal area: Holocene changes in lake-water quality at Makkasjön. Journal of Ecology, 86, 113-124.
45. Kullman, L. (1992) High-latitude environments and environmental-change. Progress in Physical Geography, 16, 478-488.
46. Kullman, L. (1995) Climatically induced regeneration patterns of marginal populations of Pinus sylvestris in northern Sweden. Oecologica Montana, 1, 5-10.
47. Kullman, L. (1996) Norway spruce present in the Scandes mountains, Sweden at 8000 BP: new light on Holocene spread. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 5, 94-101.
48. Kullman, L. (1998) The occurrence of thermophilous trees in the Scandes Mountains during the early Holocene: evidence for a diverse tree flora from macroscopic remains. Journal of Ecology. 86, 421-428.
49. Kvist, R. (1983) Friktion och samexistens. Den fjällsamiska markanvändningen och relationerna till nybyggarna i Jokkmokk 1760-1860. Tre kulturer: medlemshok för Johan Nordlander-sällskapet (ed. J. Nordlander-sällskapet), pp. 113-150. Umeå Sallsk. Umeå, Sweden.
50. Laestadius, L.L. (1824) Om Möjligheten Och Fördelen Af Allmänna Uppodlingar I Lappmarken. Haeggström, Stockholm, Sweden.
51. Linder, P., Elfving, B. & Zackrisson, O. (1997) Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management, 98, 17-33.
52. Linder, P. & Östlund, L. (1998) Structural changes in three mid-boreal Swedish forest landscapes. 1885-1996. Biological Conservation, 85, 9-19.
53. Malmström, C. (1949) Studier över skogstyper och trädslagsfördelning inom Västerbottens län. Meddelanden Från Statens Skogsforskningsinstitut, 37 (11), 1-231.
54. Malmström, C. (1956) Kort översikt över svenska skogssamhällen. Meddelanden Från Statens Skogsforskningsinstitut, Serien Uppsatser, 42, 1-23.
55. Mellars, P. (1976) Fire ecology, animal populations and man: a study of some ecological relationships in prehistory. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 42, 15-45.
56. Mikola, P. (1978) Consequences of climatic fluctuations in forestry. Fennia, 150, 39-43.
57. Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. & Collinson, M.E. (1991) Pollen Analysis, 2nd edn. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
58. Morneau, C. & Payette, S. (1988) Postfire lichen-spruce woodland recovery at the limit of the boreal forest in northern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 2770-2782.
59. Mulk, I.-M. (1994) Sirkas - ett samiskt fångstsamhälle i förändring Kr.f. - 1600 e. Kr. Studia Archaeologica Universitatis Umensis, 6, 1-305.
60. Niklasson, M. (1998) Dendroecological studies in forest and fire history. PhD thesis. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Silvestria 52. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
61. Niklasson, M., Zackrisson, O. & Östlund, L. (1994) A dendrochronological reconstruction of the use by Saami of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) inner bark over the last 350 years at Sädvajaure, N. Sweden. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 3, 183-190.
62. Östlund, L. (1993) Exploitation and structural changes in the North Swedish boreal forest 1800-1992. PhD thesis. Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
63. Östlund, L., Zackrisson, O. & Axelsson, A.-L. (1997) The history and transformation of a Scandinavian boreal forest landscape since the 19th century. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 1198-1206.
64. Påhlsson, L. (1994) Vegetationstyper I Norden. Tema Nord 1994: 665. Nordiska ministerrådet, Köpenhamn, Denmark.
65. Ponge, J.-F., André, J., Zackrisson, O., Bernier, N., Nilsson, M.-C. & Gallet, C. (1998) The forest regeneration puzzle - biological mechanisms in humus layer and forest vegetation dynamics. Bioscience, 48, 532-530.
66. Pyne, S. (1997) Vestal fire - an environmental history, told through fire, of Europe and Europe's Encounter with the World. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
67. Rudberg, S. (1957) Ödemarkerna och den perifera bebyggelsen i inre Nordsverige. Geographica, 33, 1-190.
68. Ruong, I. (1975) Samerna. Aldus/Bonniers, Stockholm, Sweden.
69. Segerström, U. (1990) The post-glacial history of vegetation and agriculture in the Luleälv river valley. Archeology and Environment, No. 7, pp. 1-79. Department of Archeology, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.
70. Simmons, I.G. & Innes, J.B. (1996) Prehistoric charcoal in peat profiles at North Gill, North Yorkshire Moors, England. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2, 193-197.
71. Sirén, G. (1951) On the biology of undergrown spruce. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 58, 1-90 [In Finnish with English summary].
72. Steijlen, I. & Zackrisson, O. (1987) Long-term regeneration dynamics and successional trends in a northern Swedish coniferous forest stand. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65, 839-848.
73. Storli, I. (1996) On the historiography of Saami reindeer pastoralism. Acta Borealia, 1, 81-115.
74. Strang, R.M. (1973) Succession in unburned subarctic forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 3, 444-464.
75. Tamm, O. (1937) Om de lågproduktiva sandmarkerna å Hökensås och i övre Lagadalen. Meddelanden Från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt, 30 (1), 1-66.
76. Tamm, O. (1950) Northern Coniferous Forest Soils. Scrivener, Oxford, UK.
77. Tamm, C.O. (1991) Nitrogen in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
78. Trass, H.H. & Malmer, N. (1973) North European approaches to classification. Handbook of Vegetation Science 5: Ordination and Classification of Communities (ed. R.H. Whittaker), pp. 529-574. Dr W. Junk, The Hague, the Netherlands.
79. Treter, U. (1995) Fire-induced succession of lichen-spruce woodland in Central Labrador-Ungava, Canada. Phytocoenologia, 25, 161-183.
80. Väre, H., Ohtonen, R. & Mikkola, K. (1996) The effect and extent of heavy grazing by reindeer in oligotrophic pine heaths in northeastern Fennoscandia. Ecography, 19, 245-253.
81. Väre, H., Ohtonen, R. & Oksanen, J. (1995) Effects of reindeer grazing on understorey vegetation in dry Pinus sylvestris forests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 523-530.
82. Vasari, Y. (1986) Stratigraphical indications of the former use of wetlands. Anthropogenic Indicators in Pollen Diagrams (ed. K.-E. Behre), pp. 65-71. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
83. Vasari, Y. (1988) The role of peatlands and flooded meadows in the economic history of Kuusamo. Oulanka Reports, 8, 96-102.
84. Wahlgren, A. & Schotte, G. (1928) Sveriges Skogar Och Huru Vi Utnyttja Dem. Första delen. Lars Hökerbergs Förlag, Stockholm, Sweden.
85. Wardle, D., Zackrisson, O., Hörnberg, G. & Gallet, C. (1997) The influence of island area on ecosystem properties. Science, 277, 1296-1299.
86. Wretlind, J.E. (1931) Bidrag till belysande av de norrländska tallhedsproblemen. Norrlands Skogsvårds-förenings Tidskrift, 18, 263-314.
87. Wretlind, J.E. (1934a) Naturbetingelserna för de nordsvenska järnpodsolerade moränmarkernas tallhedar och mossrika skogssamhällen. Norrlands Skogsvårdsforenings Tidskrift, 21, 331-394.
88. Wretlind, J.E. (1934b) Bidrag till belysande av föryngringsbetingelserna på övre Norrlands tallhedsmarker. Norrlands Skogsvårdsförenings Tidskrift, 19, 331-394.
89. Wretlind, J.E. (1935) Om de geologiska betingelserna för de nordsvenska, ej påtagligt grundvatteninfluerade markernas skogstyper. Svenska Skogsrårdsföreningens Tidskrift, 33, 265-302.
90. Zackrisson, O. (1976) Vegetationsdynamik på kulturmark i Övre norrland under historisk tid. Internordiskt Symposium Om Gjengroing Av Kulturmark. (ed. M. Bruun), pp. 1-20. NLH, Ås, Norway
91. Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., Jäderlund, A. & Wardle, D. (1999) Nutritional effects of seed fall during mast years in boreal forest. Oikos, 84, 17-26.
92. Zackrisson, O., Steijlen, I., Nilsson, M.-C. & Hörnberg, G. (1995) Regeneration pulses and climate-vegetation interactions in non-pyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands. Journal of Ecology, 83, 469-483.
93. Zasada, J.C., Sharik, T.L. & Nygren, M. (1992) The reproductive process in boreal forest trees. System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest (eds H.H. Shugart, R. Leemans & G.B. Bonan), pp. 85-125. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
94. Zoltai, S.C. (1975) Structure of subarctic forests on hummocky permafrost terrain in Northwestern Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 5, 1-9.