The ecological consequences of unpalatable prey: Phytoplankton response to nutrient and predator additions

Oikos

Volumn 99, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 59-68

  Bell, Thomas ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTTOM-UP APPROACH; PALATABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; TOP-DOWN APPROACH; TROPHIC LEVEL;

EID: 0036773876     PISSN: 00301299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.990106.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1993. Effects of increased productivity on the abundances of trophic levels. - Am. Nat. 141: 351-371.
2. Abrams, P. A. and Walters, C. J. 1996. Invulnerable prey and the paradox of enrichment. - Ecology 77: 1125-1133.
3. Agrawal, A. A. 1998. Algal defense, grazers, and their interactions in aquatic trophic cascades. - Acta Oecologica 19: 331-337.
4. Agren, J. and Schemske, D. W. 1993. The cost of defense against herbivores: An experimental study of trichome production in Brassica rapa. - Am. Nat. 141: 338-350.
5. Attayde, J. L. and Hansson, L.-A. 2001. Press perturbation experiments and the indeterminacy of ecological interactions: Effects of taxonomic resolution and experimental duration. - Oikos 92: 235-244.
6. Bohannan, B. J. M. and Lenski, R. E. 1999. Effect of prey heterogeneity on the response of a model food chain to resource enrichment. - Am. Nat. 153: 73-82.
7. Bohannan, B. J. M. and Lenski, R. E. 2000. The relative importance of competition and predation varies with productivity in a model community. - Am. Nat. 156: 329-340.
8. Brett, M. T. and Goldman, C. R. 1996. A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. - Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7723-7726.
9. Burns, C. W. 1968. The relationship between body size of filter-feeding Cladocera and the maximum size of particle ingested. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 675-678.
10. Coley, P. D., Bryant, J. P. and Chapin, I. F. S. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. - Science 230: 895-899.
11. Cottingham, K. L. and Schindler, D. E. 2000. Effects of grazer community structure on phytoplankton response to nutrient pulses. - Ecology 81: 183-200.
12. Diehl, S. 1995. Direct and indirect effects of omnivory in a littoral lake community. - Ecology 76: 1727-1740.
13. Diehl, S. and Feißel, M. 2000. Effects of enrichment on three-level food chains with omnivory. - Am. Nat. 155: 200-218.
14. Elser, J. J. and Goldman, C. R. 1991. Zooplankton effect on phytoplankton in lakes of contrasting trophic status. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 36: 64-90.
15. Genkai-Kato, M. and Yamamura, N. 1999. Unpalatable prey resolves the paradox of enrichment. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266: 1215-1219.
16. Grover, J. P. 1995. Competition, herbivory, and enrichment: Nutrient-based models for edible and inedible plants. - Am. Nat. 145: 746-774.
17. Hairston, N. G. Jr. and Hairston, N. G. Sr. 1993. Cause-effect relationships in energy flow, trophic structure, and interspecific interactions. - Am. Nat. 142: 379-411.
18. Hairston, N. G. Jr. and Hairston, N. G. Sr. 1997. Does food web complexity eliminate trophic-level dynamics? - Am. Nat. 149: 1001-1007.
19. Hansson, L.-A. 1992. The role of food chain composition and nutrient availability in shaping algal biomass development. - Ecology 73: 241-247.
20. Hansson, L.-A., Brönmark, C., Nystrom, P. et al. 1998. Consumption patterns, complexity and enrichment in aquatic food chains. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 901-906.
21. Holt, R. D. and Lawton, J. H. 1994. The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: 495-520.
22. Holt, R. D. and Polis, G. A. 1997. A theoretical framework for intraguild predation. - Am. Nat. 149: 745-764.
23. Holt, R. D., Grover, J. and Tilman, D. 1994. Simple rules for interspecific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition. - Am. Nat. 144: 741-771.
24. Hulot, F. D., Lacroix, G., Lescher-Moutoué, F. and Loreau, M. 2000. Functional diversity governs ecosystem response to nutrient enrichment. - Nature 405: 340-344.
25. Hunter, M. D. and Price, P. W. 1992. Playing chutes and ladders: Heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. - Ecology 73: 724-732.
26. Huxel, G. R. 1999. On the influence of food quality in consumer-resource interactions. - Ecol. Letters 2: 256-261.
27. Kaunzinger, M. K. and Morin, P. J. 1998. Productivity controls food-chain properties in microbial communities. Nature 395: 495-497.
28. Kretzschmar, M., Nisbet, R. M. and McCauley, E. 1993. A predator-prey model for zooplankton grazing on competing algal populations. - Theor. Pop. Biol. 44: 32-66.
29. Lehman, J. T. and Sandgren, C. D. 1985. Species-specific rates of growth and grazing loss among freshwater algae. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30: 34-46.
30. Leibold, M. A. 1989. Resource edibility and the effects of predators and productivity on the outcome of trophic interactions. - Am. Nat. 134: 922-949.
31. Leibold, M. A. 1996. A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: Trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. - Am. Nat. 147: 784-812.
32. Leibold, M. A. and Wilbur, H. W. 1992. Interactions between food-web structure and nutrients on pond organisms. - Nature 360: 341-343.
33. MacKay, N. A. and Elser, J. J. 1998. Factors potentially preventing trophic cascades: Food quality, invertebrate predation and their interaction. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 339-347.
34. Masson, S., Pinel-Alloul, B. and Smith, V. H. 2000. Total phosphorus-chlorophyll a relationships in southern Quebec lakes. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 45: 732-740.
35. McCann, K. S., Hastings, A. and Strong, D. R. 1998. Trophic cascades and trophic trickles in pelagic food webs. - Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 205-209.
36. McCauley, E. and Downing, J. 1985. The prediction of cladoceran grazing rate spectra. - Limnol. Oceanogr. 30: 202-212.
37. McCauley, E., Murdoch, W. W. and Watson, S. 1988. Simple models and variation in plankton densities among lakes. - Am. Nat. 132: 383-403.
38. McQueen, D. J., Post, J. R. and Mills, E. L. 1986. Trophic relationships in freshwater pelagic ecosystems. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43: 1571-1581.
39. Morin, P. 1999. Productivity, intraguild predation, and population dynamics in experimental food webs. - Ecology 80: 752-760.
40. Morin, P. J. and Lawler, S. P. 1995. Food web architecture and population dynamics: Theory and empirical evidence. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26: 505-529.
41. Mutikainen, P. and Walls, M. 1995. Growth, reproduction and defence in nettles: Responses to herbivory modified by competition and fertilization. - Oecologia 104: 487-495.
42. Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y. and Lalli, C. M. 1984. A Manual of Chemical and Biological Methods for Seawater Analysis. - Pergamon Press.
43. Persson, A., Hansson, L.-A., Brönmark, C. et al. 2001. Effects of enrichment on simple aquatic food webs. - Am. Nat. 157: 654-669.
44. Polis, G. A. 1994. Food webs, trophic cascades and community structure. - Aust. J. Ecol. 19: 121-136.
45. Polis, G. A. and Holt, R. D. 1992. Intraguild predation: The dynamics of complex trophic interactions. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 151-154.
46. Rosenheim, J. A., Wilhoit, L. R. and Armer, C. A. 1993. Influence of intraguild predation among generalist insect predators on the suppression of an herbivore population. - Oecologia 96: 439-449.
47. Schluter, D. 1993. Adaptive radiation in stickleback size, shape, and habitat use efficiency. - Ecology 74: 699-709.
48. Schmitz, O. J. 1994. Resource edibility and trophic exploitation in an old-field food web. - Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5364-5367.
49. Schmitz, O. J., Hambäck, P. A. and Beckerman, A. P. 2000. Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: A review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. - Am. Nat. 155: 141-153.
50. Strong, D. R. 1992. Are trophic cascades all wet? Differentiation and donor-control in speciose ecosystems. - Ecology 73: 747-754.
51. Tilman, D., Knops, J., Wedin, D. and Reich, P. 2002. Experimental and observational studies of diversity, productivity, and stability. - In: Kinzig, A. P., Pacala, S. W. and Tilman, D. (eds), The Functional Consequences of Biodiversity. Princeton Univ. Press, pp. 42-70.
52. Vanderploeg, H. A. 1981. Seasonal particle-size selection by Diaptomus sicilis in offshore Lake Michigan. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 504-517.
53. Walters, C. J., Krause, E., Neill, W. E. and Northcote, T. G. 1987. Equilibrium models for seasonal dynamics of plankton biomass in four oligotrophic lakes British Columbia, Canada. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 44: 1002-1017.
54. Watson, S., McCauley, E. and Downing, J. A. 1988. Contrasting patterns of net and nannoplankton production and biomass among lakes. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 915-920.
55. Watson, S., McCauley, E. and Downing, J. A. 1992. Sigmoid relationship between phosphorus, algal biomass, and algal community structure. - Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49: 2605-2610.