In which situations should 'contact'-type be set up with patients infected by multiresistant bacteria?;Dans quelles situations instituer des précautions de type « contact » chez les patients porteurs de bactéries multirésistantes?

Reanimation

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 451-463

  Traore O ^a   Souweine, B ^b   Leclercq, R ^c  

^a Service Dhygiène Hospitalière   (France)

^b SERVICE DE RHUMATOLOGIE   (France)

^c CHU CÔTE DE NACRE   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BACITRACIN; CHLORHEXIDINE; COLISTIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; METICILLIN; NALIDIXIC ACID; NEOMYCIN; PAROMOMYCIN; POVIDONE IODINE; PSEUDOMONIC ACID; TRICLOSAN; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION; INFECTION COMPLICATION; INTENSIVE CARE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; REVIEW;

EID: 0036758168     PISSN: 16240693     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1624-0693(02)00276-1     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Working Party Report. Revised guidelines for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitals. J Hosp Infect 1998; 39: 253-90.
2. Teare EL, Barrett SP. Is it time to stop searching for MRSA? Stop the ritual of tracing colonised people. Br Med J 1997; 314: 665-6.
3. Cookson B. Is it time to stop searching for MRSA? Screening is still important. Br Med J 1997; 314: 664-5.
4. Barrett SP, Mummery RV, Chattopadhyay B. Trying to control MRSA causes more problems than it solves. J Hosp Infect 1998; 39: 85-93.
5. Comité Technique National des Infections Nosocomiales, Société Française d'Hygiène Hospitalière. Isolement Septique. Recommandations pour les Établissements de Santé: Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité - Secrétariat d'État à la Santé; 1998.
6. Anonyme. Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada. Supplément: Guide de Prévention des Infections, Pratiques de Base et Précautions Additionnelles Visant à Prévenir la Transmission des Infections dans les Établissements de Santé: Santé Canada; 1999.
7. Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoine MH, et al. The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA 1995; 274: 639-44.
8. Conterno LO, Wey SB, Castelo A. Risk factors for mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19: 32-7.
9. Romero-Vivas J, Rubio M, Fernandez C, Picazo JJ. Mortality associated with nosocomial bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 1417-23.
10. Selvey LA, Whitby M, Johnson B. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Is it any worse than nosocomial methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21: 645-8.
11. Soriano A, Martinez JA, Mensa J, Marco F, Almela M, Moreno-Martinez A, et al. Pathogenic significance of methicillin resistance for patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 368-73.
12. French GL, Cheng AF, Ling JM, Mo P, Donnan S. Hong Kong strains of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus have similar virulence. J Hosp Infect 1990; 15: 117-25.
13. Crossley K, Loesch D, Landesman B, Mead K, Chern M, Strate R. An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides. I. Clinical studies. J Infect Dis 1979; 139: 273-9.
14. Sorrell TC, Packham DR, Shanker S, Foldes M, Munro R. Vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Intern Med 1982; 97: 344-50.
15. Wakefield DS, Helms CM, Massanari RM, Mori M, Pfaller M. Cost of nosocomial infection: Relative contributions of laboratory, antibiotic, and per diem costs in serious Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Infect Control 1988; 16: 185-92.
16. McGowan JE. Economic impact of antimicrobial resistance. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 286-92.
17. World Health Organisation. Antituberculous drug resistance in the world. The WHO/IUATLD Global Project on Antituberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. WHO 1997.
18. Comité Technique National des Infections Nosocomiales. Maîtrise de la Diffusion des Bactéries Multirésistantes aux Antibiotiques. Recommandations pour les Établissements de Santé: Ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité - Secrétariat d'État à la Santé; 1999.
19. Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, Yabuta K, Oguri T, Tenover FC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 135-6.
20. Chesneau O, Morvan A, Solh NE. Retrospective screening for heterogeneous vancomycin resistance in diverse Staphylococcus aureus clones disseminated in French hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45: 887-90.
21. Scanvic A, Denic L, Gaillon S, Giry P, Andremont A, Lucet JC. Duration of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after hospital discharge and risk factors for prolonged carriage. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 1393-8.
22. Sanford MD, Widmer AF, Bale MJ, Jones RN, Wenzel RP. Efficient detection and long-term persistence of the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 1123-8.
23. Neely AN, Maley MP. Survival of enterococci and staphylococci on hospital fabrics and plastic. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38: 724-6.
24. Getchell-White SI, Donowitz LG, Groschel DH. The inanimate environment of an intensive care unit as a potential source of nosocomial bacteria: Evidence for long survival of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1989; 10: 402-7.
25. Fierobe L, Lucet JC, Decre D, Muller-Serieys C, Deleuze A, Joly-Guillou ML, et al. An outbreak of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in critically ill surgical patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 35-40.
26. Hôpital propre II. Rapport d'Études: Stratégies pour la Prévention des Infections à Bactéries Multirésistantes. Paris 1997.
27. Brun-Buisson C, Legrand P, Rauss A, Richard C, Montravers F, Besbes M, et al. Intestinal decontamination for control of nosocomial multiresistant gram-negative bacilli. Study of an outbreak in an intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 873-81.
28. Klein BS, Perloff WH, Maki DG. Reduction of nosocomial infection during pediatric intensive care by protective isolation. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1714-21.
29. Doebbeling BN, Stanley GL, Sheetz CT, Pfaller MA, Houston AK, Annis L, et al. Comparative efficacy of alternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensive care units. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 88-93.
30. Zaragoza M, Salles M, Gomez J, Bayas JM, Trilla A. Handwashing with soap or alcoholic solutions? A randomized clinical trial of its effectiveness. Am J Infect Control 1999; 27: 258-61.
31. Slota M, Green M, Farley A, Janosky J, Carcillo J. The role of gown and glove isolation and strict handwashing in the reduction of nosocomial infection in children with solid organ transplantation. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 405-12.
32. Souweine B, Traore O, Aublet-Cuvelier B, Bret L, Sirot J, Laveran H, et al. Role of infection control measures in limiting morbidity associated with multi-resistant organisms in critically ill patients. J Hosp Infect 2000; 45: 107-16.
33. Larson EL, Early E, Cloonan P, Sugrue S, Parides M. An organizational climate intervention associated with increased handwashing and decreased nosocomial infections. Behav Med 2000; 26: 14-22.
34. Farr BM. Hospital wards spreading vancomycin-resistant enterococci to intensive care units: Returning coals to Newcastle. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 1942-3.
35. Bonilla HF, Zervos MA, Lyons MJ, Bradley SF, Hedderwick SA, Ramsey MA, et al. Colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: Comparison of a long-term-care unit with an acute-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 333-9.
36. Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Chenevert C, King T. Environmental contamination due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Possible infection control implications. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 622-7.
37. Lucet JC, Decre D, Fichelle A, Joly-Guillou ML, Pernet M, Deblangy C, et al. Control of a prolonged outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1411-8.
38. Decré D, Gachot B, Lucet JC, Arlet G, Bergogne-Berezin E, Regnier B. Clinical and bacteriologic epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a medical intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 834-44.
39. Nardi G, Valentinis U, Proietti A, De Monte A, Di Silvestre A, et al. Epidemiological impact of prolonged systematic use of topical SDD on bacterial colonization of the tracheobronchial tree and antibiotic resistance. A three year study. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: 273-8.
40. Chia JK, Nakata MM, Park SS, Lewis RP, McKee B. Use of bacitracin therapy for infection due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 1520.
41. O'Donovan CA, Fan-Havard P, Tecson-Tumang FT, Smith SM, Eng RH. Enteric eradication of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with oral bacitracin. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 18: 105-9.
42. Soto NE, Vaghjimal A, Stahl-Avicolli A, Protic JR, Lutwick LI, Chapnick EK. Bacitracin versus mupirocin for Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20: 351-3.
43. Harbarth S, Dharan S, Liassine N, Herrault P, Auckenthaler R, Pittet D. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy of mupirocin for eradicating carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 1412-6.
44. Hitomi S, Kubota M, Mori N, Baba S, Yano H, Okuzumi K, et al. Control of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit by unselective use of nasal mupirocin ointment. J Hosp Infect 2000; 46: 123-9.
45. Rumbak MJ, Cancio MR. Significant reduction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ventilator-associated pneumonia associated with the institution of a prevention protocol. Crit Care Med 1995; 23: 1200-3.
46. Ayliffe GA, Babb JR, Davies JG, Lilly HA. Hand disinfection: A comparison of various agents in laboratory and ward studies. J Hosp Infect 1988; 11: 226-43.
47. Widmer AF, Wenzel RP, Trilla A, Bale MJ, Jones RN, Doebbeling BN. Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a surgical intensive care unit: Probable transmission via hands of a health care worker. Clin Infect Dis 1993; 16: 372-6.
48. Boyce JM, Potter-Bynoe G, Opal SM, Dziobek L, Medeiros AA. A common-source outbreak of Staphylococcus epidermidis infections among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 493-9.
49. Larson E, Langner SB, Wells RW. How good are handwashing practices? J Adv Nurs 1985; 10: 547-52.
50. Pittet D, Dharan S, Touveneau S, Sauvan V, Perneger TV. Bacterial contamination of the hands of hospital staff during routine patient care. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 821-6.
51. Faoagali JL, George N, Fong J, Davy J, Dowser M. Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% triclosan handwash products in an acute clinical ward. Am J Infect Control 1999; 27: 320-6.
52. Kampf G, Jarosch R, Ruden H. Limited effectiveness of chlorhexidine based hand disinfectants against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Hosp Infect 1998; 38: 297-303.
53. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Lancet 2000; 356: 1307-12.
54. Zafar AB, Butler RC, Reese DJ, Gaydos LA, Mennonna PA. Use of 0.3% triclosan (Bacti-Stat) to eradicate an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal nursery. Am J Infect Control 1995; 23: 200-8.
55. Webster J, Faoagali JL, Cartwright D. Elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit after hand washing with triclosan. J Paediatr Child Health 1994; 30: 59-64.
56. Kampf G, Hofer M, Wendt C. Efficacy of hand disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci in vitro. J Hosp Infect 1999; 42: 143-50.
57. Wade JJ, Desai N, Casewell MW. Hygienic hand disinfection for the removal of epidemic vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and gentamicin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae. J Hosp Infect 1991; 18: 211-8.
58. Tenorio AR, Badri SM, Sahgal NB, Hota B, Matushek M, Hayden MK, et al. Effectiveness of gloves in the prevention of hand carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species by health care workers after patient care. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 32: 826-9.
59. Doebbeling BN, Pfaller MA, Houston AK, Wenzel RP. Removal of nosocomial pathogens from the contaminated glove. Implications for glove reuse and handwashing. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 394-8.
60. Patterson JE, Vecchio J, Pantelick EL, Farrel P, Mazon D, Zervos MJ, Hierholzer WJ. Association of contaminated gloves with transmission of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus in an intensive care unit. Am J Med 1991; 91: 479-83.
61. Thompson BL, Dwyer DM, Ussery XT, Denman S, Vacek P, Schwartz B. Handwashing and glove use in a long-term-care facility. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 97-103.
62. Berthelot P, Grattard F, Patural H, Ros A, Jelassi-Saoudin H, Pozzetto B, et al. Nosocomial colonization of premature babies with Klebsiella oxytoca: Probable role of enteral feeding procedure in transmission and control of the outbreak with the use of gloves. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 148-51.
63. Donowitz LG. Failure of the overgown to prevent nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics 1986; 77: 35-8.
64. Slaughter S, Hayden MK, Nathan C, Hu TC, Rice T, Van Voorhis J, et al. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 448-56.
65. Boyce JM, Opal SM, Chow JW, Zervos MJ, Potter-Bynoe G, Sherman CB, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium with transferable vanB class vancomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1148-53.
66. Devine J, Cooke RP, Wright EP. Is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination of ward-based computer terminals a surrogate marker for nosocomial MRSA transmission and handwashing compliance? J Hosp Infect 2001; 48: 72-5.
67. Barnett J, Thomlinson D, Perry C, Marshall R, MacGowan AP. An audit of the use of manual handling equipment and their microbiological flora - Implications for infection control. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43: 309-13.
68. Beamer JE, Cox RA. MRSA contamination of a laryngoscope blade: A potential vector for cross infection. Anaesthesia 1999; 54: 1010-1.
69. Foweraker JE. The laryngoscope as a potential source of cross-infection. J Hosp Infect 1995; 29: 315-6.
70. Fowler C, McCracken D. US probes: Risk of cross infection and ways to reduce it - Comparison of cleaning methods. Radiology 1999; 213: 299-300.
71. Ohara T, Itoh Y, Itoh K. Contaminated ultrasound probes: A possible source of nosocomial infections. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43: 73.
72. Gaillot O, Maruejouls C, Abachin E, Lecuru F, Arlet G, Simonet M, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiellapneumoniae producing SHV-5 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, originating from a contaminated ultrasonography coupling gel. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 1357-60.
73. Smith MA, Mathewson JJ, Ulert IA, Scerpella EG, Ericsson CD. Contaminated stethoscopes revisited. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 82-4.
74. Sengupta S, Sirkar A, Shivananda PG. Stethoscopes and nosocomial infection. Indian J Pediatr 2000; 67: 197-9.
75. Wright IM, Orr H, Porter C. Stethoscope contamination in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 1995; 29: 65-8.
76. Bernard L, Kereveur A, Durand D, Gonot J, Goldstein F, Mainardi JL, et al. Bacterial contamination of hospital physicians'stethoscopes. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20: 626-8.
77. Marinella MA, Pierson C, Chenoweth C. The stethoscope. A potential source of nosocomial infection? Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 786-90.
78. Gibert C, Valentin JM. Organisation et architecture d'un service de réanimation. In: Offenstadt G, Ed. Réanimation M6dicale. Paris: Masson; 2001. p. 1665-9.
79. Mulin B, Rouget C, Clement C, Bailly P, Julliot MC, Viel JF, et al. Association of private isolation rooms with ventilator-associated Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in a surgical intensive-care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 499-503.
80. Haley RW, Cushion NB, Tenover FC, Bannerman TL, Dryer D, Ross J, et al. Eradication of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections from a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 614-24.
81. Vicca AF. Nursing staff workload as a determinant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spread in an adult intensive therapy unit. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43: 109-13.
82. Harbarth S, Sudre P, Dharan S, Cadenas M, Pittet D. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 2: 598-603.
83. Eckmanns T, Rath A, Ruden H, Gastmeier P, Daschner F. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21: 305-7.
84. Dorsey G, Borneo HT, Sun SJ, Wells J, Steele L, Howland K, et al. A heterogeneous outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21: 465-9.
85. Garner JS. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17: 53-80.
86. Rupp ME, Marion N, Fey PD, Bolam DL, Iwen PC, Overfelt CM, et al. Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22: 301-3.
87. Ayliffe GA, Babb JR, Taylor L, Wise R. A unit for source and protective isolation in a general hospital. Br Med J 1979; 2: 461-5.
88. Selkon JB, Stokes ER, Ingham HR. The role of an isolation unit in the control of hospital infection with methicillin-resistant staphylococci. J Hosp Infect 1980; 1: 41-6.
89. Duckworth GJ, Lothian JL, Williams JD. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Report of an outbreak in a London teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect 1988; 11: 1-15.
90. Sakata H, Fujita K, Maruyama S, Kakehashi H, Mori Y, Yoshioka H. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus biovar anitratus septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit: Epidemiology and control. J Hosp Infetc 1989; 14: 15-22.
91. Pankhurst CL, Philpott-Howard J. The environmental risk factors associated with medical and dental equipment in the transmission of Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia in cystic fibrosis patients. J Hosp Infetc 1996; 32: 249-55.
92. Fitzpatrick F, Murphy OM, Brady A, Prout S, Fenelon LE. A purpose built MRSA cohort unit. J Hosp Infect 2000; 46: 271-9.
93. Byers KE, Durbin LJ, Simonton BM, Anglim AM, Adal KA, Farr BM. Disinfection of hospital rooms contaminated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19: 261-4.
94. Maki DG, Alvarado C, Hassemer C. Double-bagging of items from isolation rooms is unnecessary as an infection control measure: A comparative study of surface contamination with single- and double-bagging. Infect Control 1986; 7: 535-7.
95. Khatib M, Jamaleddine G, Abdallah A, Ibrahim Y. Hand washing and use of gloves while managing patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Chest. 1999; 116: 172-5.
96. Pittet D, Safran E, Harbarth S, Borst F, Copin P, Rohner P, et al. Automatic alerts for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus surveillance and control: Role of a hospital information system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17: 496-502.
97. Sproat LJ, Inglis TJ. A multicentre survey of hand hygiene practice in intensive care units. J Hosp Infect 1994; 26: 137-48.
98. Reboli AC, John JF, Platt CG, Cantey JR. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak at a Veterans'Affairs Medical Center: Importance of carriage of the organism by hospital personnel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990; 11: 291-6.
99. Prévention des infections à bactéries multirésistantes en réanimation. XVI-conférence de consensus en réanimation etmédecine d'urgence. Réanim Urg 1997; 6: 167-73.
100. Austin DJ, Bonten MJ, Weinstein RA, Slaughter S, Anderson RM. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in intensive-care hospital settings: Transmission dynamics persistence, and the impact of infection control programs. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 6908-13.
101. Girou E, Pujade G, Legrand P, Cizeau F, Brun-Buisson C. Selective screening of carriers for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in high-risk hospital areas with a high level of endemic MRSA. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 543-50.
102. Ieven M, Vercauteren E, Descheemaeker P, Van Laer F, Goossens H. Comparison of direct plating and broth enrichment culture for the detection of intestinal colonization by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1436-40.
103. th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Abstract 2336, page 436, 17-20 September 2000, Toronto, Canada.
104. Lemaître N, Legrand P. Dépistage des patients porteurs de Klebsielles productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu à l'entrée dans les unités de réanimation: Problèmes techniques et rendements. In: Grosset J, Kitzis M, Lambert N, Sinègre M, Eds. Infections nosocomiales en chirurgie et prévention contre les germes multirésistants. Paris: Arnette; 1995.