Colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: Comparison of a long-term-care unit with an acute-care hospital

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Volumn 18, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 333-339

  Bonilla, Hector F ^a   Zervos, Marcus A ^b   Lyons, Michael J ^a   Bradley, Suzanne F ^a   Hedderwick, Sara A ^a   Ramsey, Mary A ^a   Paul, Laura K ^a   Kauffman, Carol A ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DISEASE CARRIER; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EQUIPMENT; GENETICS; HAND; HOSPITAL BED CAPACITY; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HOSPITAL SUBDIVISIONS AND COMPONENTS; HUMAN; INJURY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; LONG TERM CARE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MICROBIOLOGY; PUBLIC HOSPITAL; RECTUM; RISK; STATISTICS; TIME; UNITED STATES;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; HAND; HOSPITAL BED CAPACITY, 100 TO 299; HOSPITAL UNITS; HOSPITALS, VETERANS; HUMANS; LONG-TERM CARE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MICHIGAN; ODDS RATIO; PERSONNEL, HOSPITAL; RECTUM; TIME FACTORS; VANCOMYCIN; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 0031132012     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/30141227     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990;3:46-65.
2. Moellering RC. Emergence of Enterococcus as a significant pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:1173-1178.
3. Zervos MJ, Kauffman CA, Therasse PM, Bergman AG, Mikesell TS, Schaberg DS. Nosocomial infection by gentamicin-resistant Streptococcus faecalis: an epidemiologic study. Ann Intern Med 1987;106:687-691.
4. Emori TG, Gaynes RE An overview of nosocomial infections, including the role of the microbiology laboratory. Clin Microbiol Rev 1993;6:428-442.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin - United States, 1989-1993. MMWR 1993;42:597-599.
6. Karanfil LV, Murphy M, Josephson A, et al. A cluster of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:195-200.
7. Handwerger S, Raucher B, Altarac D, et al. Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin, penicillin, and gentamicin. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16:750-755.
8. Montecalvo MA, Horowitz H, Gedris C, et al. Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:1363-1367.
9. Edmond MB, Ober JF, Weinbaum DL, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: risk factors for infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995;20:1126-1133.
10. Boyce JM, Opal SM, Chow JW, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium with transferable vanB class vancomycin resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32:1148-1153.
11. Boyle JF, Soumakis SA, Rendo A, et al. Epidemiologic analysis and genotypic characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1280-1285.
12. Chow JW, Kuritza A, Shlaes DM, Green M, Sahm DF, Zervos MJ. Clonal spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium between patients in three hospitals in two states. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;31:1609-1611.
13. Moreno F, Grota P, Crisp C, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium during its emergence in a city in southern Texas. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:1234-1237.
14. Livornese LL, Dias S, Samel C, et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:112-116.
15. Yamaguichi E, Valena F, Smith SM, Simmons A, Eng RH. Colonization pattern of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Am J Infect Control 1994;22:202-206.
16. Noskin GA, Stosor V, Cooper I, Peterson LR. Recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci on fingertips and environmental surfaces. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:577-581.
17. Jordens JZ, Bates J, Griffiths DT. Faecal carriage and nosocomial spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994;34:515-528.
18. Gordts B, Van Landuyt H, Ieven M, Vandamme P, Goossens H. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:2842-2846.
19. Larson EL, Strom MS, Evans CA. Analysis of three variables in sampling solutions used to assay bacteria of hands: type of solution, use of antiseptic neutralizers, and solution temperature. J Clin Microbiol 1980;12:335-360.
20. Facklam RR, Collins MD. Identification of Enterococcus species isolated from human infections by a conventional test scheme. J Clin Microbiol 1989;27:731-734.
21. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing for bacteria that grow aerobically. Villanova, PA: NCCLS; 1993. Document M7-A3.
22. Donabedian SM, Chow JW, Boyce JM, et al. Molecular typing of ampicillin-resistant, non-β-lactamase-producing Enterococcus faecium isolates from diverse geographic areas. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:2757-2761.
23. Donabedian S, Chow JW, Shlaes DM, et al. DNA hybridization and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis for identification of enterococci to the species level. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:141-145.
24. Green M, Barbadora K, Donabedian S, et al. Comparison of field inversion gel electrophoresis with contour-clamped homogenous electric field electrophoresis as a typing method for Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:1554-1557.
25. Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:2233-2239.
26. Leclercq R, Derlot E, Duval J, Courvalin P. Plasmid-mediated resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in Enterococcus faecium. N Engl J Med 1988;319:157-161.
27. Morris JT Jr, Shay DK, Hebden JN, et al. Enterococci resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, including vancomycin. Establishment of endemicity in a university medical center. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:250-259.
28. Shay DK, Maloney SA, Montecalvo M, et al. Epidemiology and mortality risk of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal blood-stream infections. J Infect Dis 1995;172:993-1000.
29. Wells CL, Juni BA, Cameron SB, et al. Stool carriage, clinical isolation, and mortality during an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized medical and/or surgical patients. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:45-50.
30. Noskin GA, Cooper I, Peterson LR. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium sepsis following persistent colonization. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1445-1447.
31. Montecalvo MA, de Lencastre H, Carraher M, et al. Natural history of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:680-685.
32. Sargent SJ, Baselski VS, Reed LD, Wong L, Sahm DF. Simultaneous hospital and community emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:729. Abstract.
33. Revuelta MP, Nord JA, Yarrish RL, Kislak JW, LaBombardi V. Recycling of hospital-acquired colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci via nursing home residents. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:730. Abstract.
34. Quale J, Patel K, Zaman M, et al. Fecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in nursing home and hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:733. Abstract.
35. Boyce JM, Mermel LA, Zervos MJ, et al. Controlling vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:634-637.
36. Slaughter S, Hayden MK, Nathan C, et al. A comparison of the effect of universal use of gloves and gowns with that of glove use alone on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a medical intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:448-456.
37. Bonilla HF, Zervos MA, Kauffman CA. Long-term survival of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on a contaminated surface. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996;17:770-772. Letter.
38. Wright W, Korb S, Karabaic M, et al. Prospective study of the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization among ICU patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:P18. Abstract.
39. Rubin LG, Tucci V, Cercenado E, Eliopoulos G, Isenberg HD. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in hospitalized children. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:700-705.
40. Locksley RM, Cohen ML, Quinn TC, et al. Multiply antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: introduction, transmission, and evolution of nosocomial infection. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:317-324.
41. Ward TT, Winn RE, Hartstein AI, Sewell DL. Observations relating to an inter-hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: role of antimicrobial therapy in infection control. Infect Control 1981;2:453-459.
42. Bradley SF, Terpenning MS, Ramsey MA, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: colonization and infection in a long-term care facility. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:417-422.
43. Spindel SJ, Strausbaugh LJ, Jacobson C. Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a Veterans' Affairs nursing home care unit: a 5-year experience. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16:217-223.
44. Muder RR, Brennen C, Wagener MM, et al. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization and infection in a long-term care facility. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:107-112.
45. Barg NL. Environmental contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and outbreaks: the cause or the effect? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14:367-368.
46. Crossley K, Landesman B, Zaske D. An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides, II: epidemiologic studies. J Infect Dis 1979;139:280-287.
47. Opal SM, Mayer KH, Stenberg MJ, et al. Frequent acquisition of multiple strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by healthcare workers in an endemic hospital environment Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990;11:479-485.