How active are rural children in Australian physical education?

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 253-265

  Barnett, L M ^a   Beurden, E Van ^b   Zask, A ^a   Brooks, L O ^b   Dietrich, U C ^a  

^a Northern Rivers Area Health Service   (Australia)

^b SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BODY MOVEMENT; CURRICULUM; FEMALE; FITNESS; HUMAN; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; RURAL AREA; SCHOOL CHILD; SKILL;

EID: 0036750228     PISSN: 14402440     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(02)80011-1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Australian Health Promoting Schools Association. (2000). A National Framework for Health Promoting Schools (2000-2003). Brisbane: Australian Health Promoting Schools Association, School of Public Health. Queensland University of Technology.
2. Bauman, A., Bellew, B., Booth, M., Hahn, A., Stoker, L., & Thomas, M. (1996). Physical Activity in NSW: Current Data and Strategies for Action: Towards Best Practice for the Promotion of Physical Activity. Sydney: National Centre for Health Promotion, Centre for Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, NSW Health.
3. Blair, S.N., Kohl, H.W., Paffenbarger, R.S., Clark, D.G., Cooper, K.H., & Gibbons, L.W. (1989). Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and women. Journal of the American Medical Association 262(17): 2395-2401.
4. Booth, M., Macaskill, P., McLellan, L., Phongsavan, P., Okely, T., Patterson, J., Wright J., Bauman, A., & Baur, L. (1997). NSW Schools Fitness And Physical Activity Survey 1997. Sydney: NSW Department of Education and Training.
5. Brooks, L. (2000). An Introduction to Multilevel Data Analysis. In Instructional Seminar Series 2000. Southern Cross University, Lismore: Southern Cross University.
6. Cale, L. & Almond, L. (1992). Physical activity levels of young children: a review of the evidence. Health Education Journal 51 (2): 94-99.
7. Cavill, N., Biddle, S., & Sallis, J.F. (2001). Health enhancing physical activity for young people: Statement of the United Kingdom expert consensus conference. Pediatric Exercise Science 13 (1): 12-25.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. (2000). Physical Activity and Fitness. In Healthy People 2010. US Department of Health & Human Services, Washington: US Department of Health & Human Services.
9. Commonwealth Department of Health & Aged Care. (1999). National Physical Activity Guidelines for Australians. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health & Aged Care.
10. Denman, S., Pearson, J., Hopkins, D., Wallbanks, C., & Skuriat, V. (1999). The management and organisation of health promotion: a survey of school policies in Nottinghamshire, Health Education Journal 58 (2): 165-176.
11. Donnelly, J.E., Jacobsen, D.J., Whatley, J.E., Hill, J.O., Swift, L.L., Cherrington, A., Polk, B., Tran, Z.V., & Reed, G. (1996). Nutrition and physical activity program to attenuate obesity and promote physical and metabolic fitness in elementary school children. Obesity Research 4 (3): 229-243.
12. Dworetzky, J.P. (1990). Conditioning and Learning. In Psychology, (3rd edn), New York: West Publishing Company.
13. Goldstein, H. (1995). Multilevel Statistical Models. New York: Wiley.
14. Goldstein, H. & Rasbash, J. (1996). Improved approximations for multilevel models with binary responses. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 159 (3): 505-513.
15. Luepker, R.V., Perry, C.L., McKinlay, S.M., Nader, P.R., Parcel, G.S., Stone, E.J., Webber, L.S., Elder, J.P., Feldman, H.A., Johnson, C.C., Kelder, S.H., & Wu, M. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health (CATCH). JAMA 275 (10): 768-776.
16. Malina, R.M. (1996). Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 67 (Supp 3): S48-S57.
17. McBride, N., Midford, R., & James, R. (1995). Structural and management changes that encourage schools to adopt comprehensive health promotion programs, Health Promotion Journal of Australia 5 (1): 17-23.
18. McKenzie, T.L., Feldman, H., Woods, S.E., & Romero, K.A. (1995). Children's activity levels and lesson context during third-grade physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 66 (3): 184-193.
19. McKenzie, T.L., Marshall, S.J., Sallis, J.F., & Conway, T.L., Conway. (2000). Leisure-time physical activity in school environments: an observational study using SOPLAY. Preventive Medicine 30: 70-77.
20. McKenzie, T.L., Nader, P.R., Strikmiller, P.K., Yang, M., Stone, E.J., Perry, C.L., Taylor, W.C., Epping, J.N., Feldman, H.A., Leupker, R.V., & Kelder, S.H. (1996). School physical education: effect of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. Preventive Medicine 25 (4): 423-431.
21. McKenzie, T.L., Sallis, J.F., & Nader, P.R. (1991). SOFIT - System for observing fitness instruction time. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 11: 195-205.
22. McKenzie, T.L., Strikmiller, P.K., Stone, E.J., et al. (1994). CATCH: physical activity process evaluation in a multicenter trial. Health Educ Q (Suppl 2): S73-S89.
23. Pate, R.R., Baranowski, T., Dowda, M., & Trost, S.G. (1996). Tracking of physical activity in young children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28 (1): 92-96.
24. Rowland, T.W. (1990). Exercise and Children's Health. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Books.
25. Sallis, J.F., McKenzie, T.L., Alcaraz, J.E., Kolody, B., Faucett, N. & Hovell M.F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health 87 (8): 1328-1334.
26. Sarkin, J.A., McKenzie, T.L., & Sallis, J.F. (1994). Gender differences in children's physical activity levels in a structured and unstructured setting, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26 Supplement: S143.
27. Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts. (1992). Physical and Sport Education: A Report by the Senate Standing Committee on Environment, Recreation and the Arts. Canberra: The Senate - Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia.
28. Simons-Morton, B.G., Parcel, G.S., Baranowski, T., Forthofer, R., & O'Hara, N.M. (1991). Promoting physical activity and a healthful diet among children: Results of a school-based intervention study. Am J Public Health 81 (8): 986-991.
29. Simons-Morton, B.G., Taylor, W.C., Snider, S.A., & Huang I.W. (1993). The physical activity of fifth-grade students during physical education classes. American Journal of Public Health 83 (2): 262-264.
30. Simons-Morton, B.G., Taylor, W.C., Snider, S.A., Huang, I.W., & Fulton, J.E. (1994). Observed levels of elementary and middle school children's physical activity during physical education classes. Preventive Medicine 23: 437-441.
31. Sleap, M. & Warburton, P. (1992). Physical activity levels of 5-11-year old children in England as determined by continuous observation. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 63 (3): 238-245.
32. Snijders, T.A.B. & Bosker R. (1999). Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic & Advanced Multilevel Modelling. London: Sage Publications,.
33. Stone, E.J., McKenzie, T.L., Welk, G.J., & Booth, M.L. (1998). Effects of physical activity interventions in youth. Review and synthesis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 15 (4): 298-315.
34. US Department of Health & Human Services. (1996). Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
35. Washburn, R.A., Heath, G.W., & Jackson, A.W. 2000. Reliability and validity issues concerning large-scale surveillance of physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport 71 (2): 104-113.