메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2002, Pages 1399-1406

Hill-Robertson interference is a minor determinant of variations in codon bias across Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans genomes

Author keywords

Caenorhabditis; Codon usage; Drosophila; Hill Robertson interference; Mutation patterns; Recombination

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS; CODON USAGE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CROSSING OVER; DNA FLANKING REGION; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC SELECTION; HILL ROBERTSON INTERFERENCE; INTRON; MUTATION RATE; NONHUMAN; POPULATION GENETICS; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CODON; DNA BASE COMPOSITION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; GENOME; GENOMICS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION;

EID: 0036725703     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004203     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 0034708480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster
    • ADAMS, M. D., S. E. CELNIKER, R. A. HOLT et al. (95 coauthors). 2000. The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287:2185-2195.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 2185-2195
    • Adams, M.D.1    Celniker, S.E.2    Holt, R.A.3
  • 2
    • 0028797897 scopus 로고
    • Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA
    • AKASHI, H. 1995. Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA. Genetics 139:1067-1076.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.139 , pp. 1067-1076
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 3
    • 7344242178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation pressure, natural selection, and the evolution of base composition in Drosophila
    • AKASHI, H., R. M. KLIMAN, and A. EYRE-WALKER. 1998. Mutation pressure, natural selection, and the evolution of base composition in Drosophila. Genetica 102/103:49-60.
    • (1998) Genetica , vol.102-103 , pp. 49-60
    • Akashi, H.1    Kliman, R.M.2    Eyre-Walker, A.3
  • 4
    • 0035107550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of X-linked and autosomal nucleotide variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
    • ANDOLFATTO, P. 2001. Contrasting patterns of X-linked and autosomal nucleotide variation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:279-290.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 279-290
    • Andolfatto, P.1
  • 5
    • 0033828706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Genome-wide departure from the standard neutral model in natural populations of Drosophila
    • ANDOLFATTO, P., and M. PRZEWORSKI. 2000. A Genome-wide departure from the standard neutral model in natural populations of Drosophila. Genetics 156:257-268.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.156 , pp. 257-268
    • Andolfatto, P.1    Przeworski, M.2
  • 6
    • 0029098961 scopus 로고
    • Meiotic recombination, noncoding DNA and genomic organization in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • BARNES, T. M., Y. KOHARA, A. COULSON, and S. HEKIMI. 1995. Meiotic recombination, noncoding DNA and genomic organization in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 141:159-179.
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.141 , pp. 159-179
    • Barnes, T.M.1    Kohara, Y.2    Coulson, A.3    Hekimi, S.4
  • 7
    • 0031010660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering of meiotic double-strand breaks on yeast chromosome III
    • BAUDAT, F., and A. NICOLAS. 1997. Clustering of meiotic double-strand breaks on yeast chromosome III. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:5213-5218.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 5213-5218
    • Baudat, F.1    Nicolas, A.2
  • 8
    • 0031879857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient repair of all types of single-base mismatches in recombination intermediates in Chinese Hamster ovary cells. Competition between long-patch and G-T glycosylase-mediated repair of G-T mismatches
    • BILL, C. A., W. A. DURAN, N. R. MISELIS, and J. A. NICKOLOFF. 1998. Efficient repair of all types of single-base mismatches in recombination intermediates in Chinese Hamster ovary cells. Competition between long-patch and G-T glycosylase-mediated repair of G-T mismatches. Genetics 149:1935-1943.
    • (1998) Genetics , vol.149 , pp. 1935-1943
    • Bill, C.A.1    Duran, W.A.2    Miselis, N.R.3    Nickoloff, J.A.4
  • 9
    • 0023803187 scopus 로고
    • Different base/base mispairs are corrected with different efficiencies and specificities in monkey kidney cells
    • BROWN, T. C., and J. JIRICNY. 1988. Different base/base mispairs are corrected with different efficiencies and specificities in monkey kidney cells. Cell 54:705-711.
    • (1988) Cell , vol.54 , pp. 705-711
    • Brown, T.C.1    Jiricny, J.2
  • 10
    • 0025941139 scopus 로고
    • The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage
    • BULMER, M. 1991. The selection-mutation-drift theory of synonymous codon usage. Genetics 129:897-907.
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 897-907
    • Bulmer, M.1
  • 11
    • 0032509302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: A platform for investigating biology
    • THE C. ELEGANS SEQUENCING CONSORTIUM. 1998. Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282:2012-2018.
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 2012-2018
  • 12
    • 0344653653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and gene function are related in sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana
    • CHIAPELLO, H., F. LISACEK, M. CABOCHE, and A. HENAUT. 1998. Codon usage and gene function are related in sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 209:GC1-GC38.
    • (1998) Gene , vol.209
    • Chiapello, H.1    Lisacek, F.2    Caboche, M.3    Henaut, A.4
  • 13
    • 0032894285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural selection on synonymous sites is correlated with gene length and recombination in Drosophila
    • COMERON, J. M., M. KREITMAN, and M. AGUADÉ. 1999. Natural selection on synonymous sites is correlated with gene length and recombination in Drosophila. Genetics 151:239-249.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 239-249
    • Comeron, J.M.1    Kreitman, M.2    Aguadé, M.3
  • 15
    • 0035155844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substitution rates in Drosophila nuclear genes: Implications for translational selection
    • DUNN, K. A., J. P. BIELAWSKI, and Z. YANG. 2001. Substitution rates in Drosophila nuclear genes: implications for translational selection. Genetics 157:295-305.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.157 , pp. 295-305
    • Dunn, K.A.1    Bielawski, J.P.2    Yang, Z.3
  • 16
    • 0034237669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • tRNA gene number and codon usage in C. elegans genome are co-adapted for optimal translation of highly expressed genes
    • DURET, L. 2000. tRNA gene number and codon usage in C. elegans genome are co-adapted for optimal translation of highly expressed genes. Trends Genet. 16:287-289.
    • (2000) Trends Genet , vol.16 , pp. 287-289
    • Duret, L.1
  • 17
    • 0030927867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for regulatory elements in human noncoding sequences
    • DURET, L., and P. BUCHER. 1997. Searching for regulatory elements in human noncoding sequences. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 7:399-406.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 399-406
    • Duret, L.1    Bucher, P.2
  • 18
    • 0035035673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elevated GC content at exonic third sites is not evidence against neutralist models of isochore evolution
    • DURET, L., and L. D. HURST. 2001. The elevated GC content at exonic third sites is not evidence against neutralist models of isochore evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:757-762.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 757-762
    • Duret, L.1    Hurst, L.D.2
  • 19
    • 0033551151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis
    • DURET, L., and D. MOUCHIROUD. 1999. Expression pattern and, surprisingly, gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4482-4487.
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 4482-4487
    • Duret, L.1    Mouchiroud, D.2
  • 20
    • 0033804748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An isochore transition in the NF1 gene region coincides with a switch in the extent of linkage disequilibrium
    • EISENBARTH, I., G. VOGEL, W. KRONE, W. VOGEL, and G. ASSUM. 2000. An isochore transition in the NF1 gene region coincides with a switch in the extent of linkage disequilibrium. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 67:873-880.
    • (2000) Am. J. Hum. Genet. , vol.67 , pp. 873-880
    • Eisenbarth, I.1    Vogel, G.2    Krone, W.3    Vogel, W.4    Assum, G.5
  • 21
    • 0027183991 scopus 로고
    • Recombination and mammalian genome evolution
    • EYRE-WALKER, A. 1993. Recombination and mammalian genome evolution. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 252:237-243.
    • (1993) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.252 , pp. 237-243
    • Eyre-Walker, A.1
  • 22
    • 0016110957 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary advantage of recombination
    • FELSENSTEIN, J. 1974. The evolutionary advantage of recombination. Genetics 78:737-756.
    • (1974) Genetics , vol.78 , pp. 737-756
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 23
    • 0025326291 scopus 로고
    • Information content of Caenorhabditis elegans splice site sequences varies with intron length
    • FIELDS, C. 1990. Information content of Caenorhabditis elegans splice site sequences varies with intron length. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:1509-1512.
    • (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.18 , pp. 1509-1512
    • Fields, C.1
  • 24
    • 0034989085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local rates of recombination are positively correlated with GC content in the human genome
    • FULLERTON, S. M., A. BERNARDO CARVALHO, and A. G. CLARK. 2001. Local rates of recombination are positively correlated with GC content in the human genome. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:1139-1142.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 1139-1142
    • Fullerton, S.M.1    Bernardo Carvalho, A.2    Clark, A.G.3
  • 25
    • 0034766004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GC-content evolution in mammalian genomes: The biased gene conversion hypothesis
    • GALTIER, N., G. PIGANEAU, D. MOUCHIROUD, and L. DURET. 2001. GC-content evolution in mammalian genomes: the biased gene conversion hypothesis. Genetics 159:907-911.
    • (2001) Genetics , vol.159 , pp. 907-911
    • Galtier, N.1    Piganeau, G.2    Mouchiroud, D.3    Duret, L.4
  • 26
    • 0034633494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global mapping of meiotic recombination hotspots and coldspots in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • GERTON, J. L., J. DERISI, R. SHROFF, M. LICHTEN, P. O. BROWN, and T. D. PETES. 2000. Global mapping of meiotic recombination hotspots and coldspots in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:11383-11390.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 11383-11390
    • Gerton, J.L.1    Derisi, J.2    Shroff, R.3    Lichten, M.4    Brown, P.O.5    Petes, T.D.6
  • 27
    • 0034013790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory elements required for development of Caenorhabiditis elegans hermaphrodites are conserved in the tra-2 homologue of C. remanei a male/female sister species
    • HAAG, E. S., and J. KIMBLE. 2000. Regulatory elements required for development of Caenorhabiditis elegans hermaphrodites are conserved in the tra-2 homologue of C. remanei a male/female sister species. Genetics 155:105-116.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 105-116
    • Haag, E.S.1    Kimble, J.2
  • 28
    • 0027978722 scopus 로고
    • Selection intensity for codon bias
    • HARTL, D. L., E. N. MORIYAMA, and S. A. SAWYER. 1994. Selection intensity for codon bias. Genetics 138:227-234.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 227-234
    • Hartl, D.L.1    Moriyama, E.N.2    Sawyer, S.A.3
  • 29
    • 0036188913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between natural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila
    • HEY, J., and R. M. KLIMAN. 2002. Interactions between natural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila. Genetics 160:595-608.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 595-608
    • Hey, J.1    Kliman, R.M.2
  • 30
    • 0013979181 scopus 로고
    • The effect of linkage on limits to artificial selection
    • HILL, W. G., and A. ROBERTSON. 1966. The effect of linkage on limits to artificial selection. Genet. Res. 8:269-294.
    • (1966) Genet. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 269-294
    • Hill, W.G.1    Robertson, A.2
  • 31
    • 0034644576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sex
    • KEIGHTLEY, P. D., and A. EYRE-WALKER. 1999. Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sex. Science 290:331-333.
    • (1999) Science , vol.290 , pp. 331-333
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Eyre-Walker, A.2
  • 32
    • 0027383354 scopus 로고
    • Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster
    • KLIMAN, R. M., and J. HEY. 1993. Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:1239-1258.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 1239-1258
    • Kliman, R.M.1    Hey, J.2
  • 33
    • 0028040734 scopus 로고
    • The effects of mutation and natural selection on codon bias in the genes of Drosophila
    • -. 1994. The effects of mutation and natural selection on codon bias in the genes of Drosophila. Genetics 137:1049-1056.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.137 , pp. 1049-1056
  • 35
    • 17444449846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage and the origin of P elements
    • LERAT, E., C. BIÉMONT, and P. CAPY. 2000. Codon usage and the origin of P elements. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:467-468.
    • (2000) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 467-468
    • Lerat, E.1    Biémont, C.2    Capy, P.3
  • 36
    • 0036221199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage by transposable elements and their host genes in five species
    • LERAT, E., P. CAPY, and C. BIÉMONT. 2002. Codon usage by transposable elements and their host genes in five species. J. Mol. Evol. 54:625-637.
    • (2002) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.54 , pp. 625-637
    • Lerat, E.1    Capy, P.2    Biémont, C.3
  • 37
    • 0023064998 scopus 로고
    • Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons
    • LI, W.-H. 1987. Models of nearly neutral mutations with particular implications for nonrandom usage of synonymous codons. J. Mol. Evol. 24:337-345.
    • (1987) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.24 , pp. 337-345
    • Li, W.-H.1
  • 38
    • 0035012056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage, accuracy of translation, and gene length in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • MARAIS, G., and L. DURET. 2001. Synonymous codon usage, accuracy of translation, and gene length in Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Mol. Evol. 52:275-280.
    • (2001) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.52 , pp. 275-280
    • Marais, G.1    Duret, L.2
  • 39
    • 0035826858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does recombination improve selection on codon usage? Lessons from nematode and fly complete genomes
    • MARAIS, G., D. MOUCHIROUD, and L. DURET. 2001. Does recombination improve selection on codon usage? Lessons from nematode and fly complete genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:5688-5692.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 5688-5692
    • Marais, G.1    Mouchiroud, D.2    Duret, L.3
  • 40
    • 0028011767 scopus 로고
    • The organization of Drosophila genes
    • MARONI, G. 1994. The organization of Drosophila genes. DNA Seq. 4:347-354.
    • (1994) DNA Seq. , vol.4 , pp. 347-354
    • Maroni, G.1
  • 41
    • 0034099647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of Hill-Robertson interference between weakly selected mutations on patterns of molecular evolution and variation
    • MCVEAN, G. A. T., and B. CHARLESWORTH. 2000. The effects of Hill-Robertson interference between weakly selected mutations on patterns of molecular evolution and variation. Genetics 155:929-944.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.155 , pp. 929-944
    • Mcvean, G.A.T.1    Charlesworth, B.2
  • 42
    • 0030731696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codon usage bias and tRNA abundance in Drosophila
    • MORIYAMA, E. N., and J. R. POWELL. 1997. Codon usage bias and tRNA abundance in Drosophila. J. Mol. Evol. 45:514-523.
    • (1997) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.45 , pp. 514-523
    • Moriyama, E.N.1    Powell, J.R.2
  • 43
    • 0032126484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene length and codon usage bias in Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli
    • -. 1998. Gene length and codon usage bias in Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 26:3188-3193.
    • (1998) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.26 , pp. 3188-3193
  • 44
    • 0026657738 scopus 로고
    • Splicing signals in Drosophila: Intron size, information content, and consensus sequences
    • MOUNT, S. M., C. BURKS, G. HERTZ, G. D. STORMO, O. WHITE, and C. FIELDS. 1992. Splicing signals in Drosophila: intron size, information content, and consensus sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 20:4255-4262.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.20 , pp. 4255-4262
    • Mount, S.M.1    Burks, C.2    Hertz, G.3    Stormo, G.D.4    White, O.5    Fields, C.6
  • 45
    • 0033962299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium, gene trees and selfing: An ancestral recombination graph with partial self-fertilization
    • NORDBORG, M. 2000. Linkage disequilibrium, gene trees and selfing: an ancestral recombination graph with partial self-fertilization. Genetics 154:923-929.
    • (2000) Genetics , vol.154 , pp. 923-929
    • Nordborg, M.1
  • 46
    • 0033539159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary rate of a gene affected by chromosomal position
    • PERRY, J., and A. ASHWORTH. 1999. Evolutionary rate of a gene affected by chromosomal position. Curr. Biol. 9:987-989.
    • (1999) Curr. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 987-989
    • Perry, J.1    Ashworth, A.2
  • 47
    • 0034753748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplicative versus additive selection in relation to genome evolution: A simulation study
    • PIGANEAU, G., R. WESTRELIN, B. TOURANCHEAU, and C. GAUTIER. 2001. Multiplicative versus additive selection in relation to genome evolution: a simulation study. Genet. Res. 78:171-175.
    • (2001) Genet. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 171-175
    • Piganeau, G.1    Westrelin, R.2    Tourancheau, B.3    Gautier, C.4
  • 48
    • 0030861159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of codon usage bias in Drosophila
    • POWELL, J. R., and E. N. MORIYAMA. 1997. Evolution of codon usage bias in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7784-7790.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 7784-7790
    • Powell, J.R.1    Moriyama, E.N.2
  • 49
    • 0024591558 scopus 로고
    • On the rate of DNA sequence evolution in Drosophila
    • SHARP, P. M., and W. H. LI. 1989. On the rate of DNA sequence evolution in Drosophila. J. Mol. Evol. 28:398-402.
    • (1989) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.28 , pp. 398-402
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Li, W.H.2
  • 50
    • 0027715731 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage: Mutational bias, translational selection, or both?
    • SHARP, P. M., M. STENICO, J. F. PEDEN, and A. T. LLOYD. 1993. Codon usage: mutational bias, translational selection, or both? Biochem. Soc. Trans. 21:835-841.
    • (1993) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.21 , pp. 835-841
    • Sharp, P.M.1    Stenico, M.2    Peden, J.F.3    Lloyd, A.T.4
  • 51
    • 0024974812 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that mutation patterns vary among drosophila transposable elements
    • SHIELDS, D. C., and P. M. SHARP. 1989. Evidence that mutation patterns vary among drosophila transposable elements. J. Mol. Biol. 207:843-846.
    • (1989) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 843-846
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2
  • 52
    • 0024116811 scopus 로고
    • "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: Evidence of selection among synonymous codons
    • SHIELDS, D. C., P. M. SHARP, D. G. HIGGINS, and F. WRIGHT. 1988. "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5:704-716.
    • (1988) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 704-716
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Wright, F.4
  • 53
  • 54
    • 0028359705 scopus 로고
    • Codon usage in Caenorhabditis elegans: Delineation of translational selection and mutational biases
    • STENICO, M., A. T. LLOYD, and P. M. SHARP. 1994. Codon usage in Caenorhabditis elegans: delineation of translational selection and mutational biases. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:2437-2446.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 2437-2446
    • Stenico, M.1    Lloyd, A.T.2    Sharp, P.M.3
  • 55
    • 0035058768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local changes in GC/AT substitution biases and in crossover frequencies on Drosophila chromosomes
    • TAKANO-SHIMIZU, T. 2001. Local changes in GC/AT substitution biases and in crossover frequencies on Drosophila chromosomes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:606-619.
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 606-619
    • Takano-Shimizu, T.1
  • 56
    • 0035865094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps
    • YU, A., C. ZHAO, Y. FAN et al. (11 co-authors). 2001. Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps. Nature 409:951-953.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , pp. 951-953
    • Yu, A.1    Zhao, C.2    Fan, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.