Carbonate chemistry for sequestering fossil carbon

Annual Review of Energy and the Environment

Volumn 27, Issue , 2002, Pages 193-232

  Lackner, Klaus S ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBONATES; REACTION KINETICS;

ENERGY DEMAND;

FOSSIL FUELS;

EID: 0036455899     PISSN: 10563466     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.27.122001.083433     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. 2 disposal by means of silicates. Nature 345:486.
2. Lackner K.S., Wendt C.H., Butt D.P., Joyce E.L., Sharp D.H. 1995. Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals. Energy 20:1153-70.
3. Dunsmore H.E. 1992. A geological perspective on global warming and the possibility of carbon dioxide removal as calcium carbonate mineral. Energy Convers. Manag. 33:565-72.
4. Lasaga A.C., Soler J.M., Ganor J., Burch T.E., Nagy K.L. 1994. Chemical-weathering rate laws and global geochemical cycles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58:2361-86.
5. Keith D.W. 2000. Geoengineering the climate: history and prospect. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 25:245-84.
6. Allenby B. 2000. Earth systems engineering and management. IEEE Technol. Soc. Mag. 19:10-24.
7. 2 capture and sequestration studies and further activities of the IEA greenhouse gas R&D programme. Energy 22:217-21.
8. Herzog H.J., Drake E.M. 1996. Carbon dioxide recovery and disposal from large energy systems. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 21:145-66.
9. Taylor M., Rubin E., Hounshell D. 2001. Innovation in environmental technology: the influence of government action on invention in sulfur dioxide control technologies. Presented at EPA-DOE-EPRI Comb. Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Symp., Chicago, IL.
10. 2 content. Nature 395:881-84.
11. Hoffert M.I., Potter S.D. 1997. Energy supply. In Engineering Response to Global Climate Change, ed. R.G. Watts. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Lewis.
12. Falkowski P., Scholes R.J., Boyle E., Canadell J., Canfield J., et al. 2000. The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of Earth as a system. Science 290:291-96.
13. 2 and the carbon cycle. In Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, ed. J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, H. Lee, B.A. Callandar, et al., pp. 35-71. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
14. Kleypas J.A., Buddemeier R.W., Archer D., Gattuso J.-P., Langdon C., Opdyke B.N. 1999. Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs. Science 284:118-20.
15. Butler J.N. 1991. Carbon Dioxide Equilibria and Their Applications. Chelsea, MI: Lewis.
16. Langdon C., Takahashi T., Sweeny C., Chipman D., Goddard J., et al. 2000. Effect of calcium carbonate saturation state on the calcification rate of an experimental coral reef. Glob. Biochem. Cycles 14:639-54.
17. Kleypas J.A., Buddemeier R.W., Gattuso J.-P. 2001. The future of coral reefs in an age of global change. Int. J. Earth Sci. 90:426-37.
18. Energy Inf. Adm. 2002. International Energy Outlook 2002. Rep. DOE/EIA-0484(2002). Energy Inf. Adm., Off. Integr. Anal. Forecast, US Dep. Energy, Washington, DC.
19. Houghton J.T., Meira Filho L.G., Brace J., Lee H., Callandar B.A., et al., eds. 1995. Climate Change 1994, Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission Scenario. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
20. Rogner H.-H. 1997. An assessment of world hydrocarbon resources. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 22:217-62.
21. Int. Energy Agency. 2001. World Energy Outlook. Paris.
22. Kvenvolden K.A. 2000. Gas hydrate and humans. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 912:17-22.
23. Yui S., Chung K.H. 2001. Processing oil-sands bitumen is Syncrude's R&D focus. Oil Gas J. 99:46+.
24. Dry M.E. 1987. Update of the Sasol synfuels process. Annu. Rev. Energy 12:1-21.
25. Gray D., Tomlinson G. 2002. Gasification: opening coal to new markets. Proc. 27th Int. Conf. Tech. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., Mar. 4-7, pp. 13-16, Clearwater, Fla.
26. Breshears D.D., Allen C.D. 2002. The impor-tance of rapid, disturbance-induced losses in carbon management and sequestration. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 11:1-5.
27. Hurtt G.C., Pacala S.W., Moorcroft P.R., Caspersen J., Shevliakova E., et al. 2002. Projecting the future of the U.S. carbon sink. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:1389-94.
28. Deleted in proof.
29. 2 in the Oceans, ed. N.R. Andersen, A. Malahoff, pp. 213-41. New York: Plenum.
30. Okrent D. 1999. On intergenerational equity and its clash with intragenerational equity and on the need for policies to guide the regulation of disposal of wastes and other activities posing very long-term risks. Risk Anal. 19:877-901.
31. Schrader-Frechette K. 2000. Duties to future generations, proxy consent, intra- and intergenerational equity: the case of nuclear waste. Risk Anal. 20:771-78.
32. Zhang K., Kogelschatz U., Eliasson B. 2001. Conversion of greenhouse gases to synthesis gas and higher hydrocarbons. Energy Fuels 15:395-402.
33. 2 mitigation from power plants and the transportation sector. Energy Conserv. Manag. 37:843-48.
34. Keith D.W. 2001. Sinks, energy crops and land use: coherent climate policy demands an integrated analysis of biomass. Clim. Chang. 49:1-10.
35. Aycaguer A.-C., Lev-On M., Winer A.M. 2001. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions with enhanced oil recovery projects: a life cycle assessment approach. Energy Fuels 15:303-8.
36. Holloway S. 2001. Storage of fossil fuel-derived carbon dioxide beneath the surface of the earth. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 26:145-66.
37. Kaarstad O. 1992. Emission-free fossil energy from Norway. Energy Conserv. Manag. 33:781-86.
38. Herzog H., Eliasson B., Kaarstad O. 2000. Capturing greenhouse gases. Sci. Am. 282: 72-79.
39. Kongsjorden H., Kaarstad O., Torp T.A. 1997. Saline aquifer storage of carbon dioxide in the Sleipner project. Waste Manag. 17:303-8.
40. 2 injection into natural gas reservoirs for carbon sequestration and enhanced gas recovery. Energy Fuels 15:293-98.
41. 2 in pressurized water flows and the effect of clathrate films. Energy 22:285-93.
42. 2. Science 284:943-45.
43. 2 problem. Clim. Chang. 1:59-68.
44. 2 at intermediate depths. Energy Convers. Manag. 36:447-52.
45. Takahashi T., Broecker W.S., Werner S.R., Bainbridge A.E. 1980. Carbonate chemistry of the surface waters of the world oceans. In Isotope Marine Chemistry, ed. E.D. Goldberg, Y. Horibe, K. Saruhashi, pp. 291-326. Tokyo: Uchida Rokakuho.
46. 2. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24:405-8.
47. Takahashi T., Broecker W.S., Bainbridge A.E. 1981. The alkalinity and total carbon dioxide concentration in the world oceans. In SCOPE 16: Carbon Cycle Modelling, ed. B Bolin, pp. 271-86. New York: Wiley.
48. Deleted in proof.
49. Archer D.E., Takahashi T., Sutherland S., Goddard J., Chipman D., et al. 1996. Daily, seasonal and interannual variability of seasurface carbon and nutrient concentration in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. Part II: Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 43:779-808.
50. Goff F., Lackner K.S. 1998. Carbon dioxide sequestering using ultramafic rocks. Environ. Geosci. 5:89-101.
51. Lackner K.S., Butt D.P., Wendt C.H., Goff F., Guthrie G. 1997. Carbon Dioxide Disposal in Mineral Form: Keeping Coal Competitive. Rep. LA-UR-97-2094. Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
52. 2 as ocean bicarbonate. Energy Convers. Manag. 40:1803-13.
53. Dyni J.R. 1996. Sodium Carbonate Resources of the Green River Formation. Rep. Open File Rep. 96-729, US Geol. Surv., Denver, CO.
54. Berner R.A., Lasaga A.C., Garrels R.M. 1983. The carbonate-silicate geochemical cycle and its effect on atmospheric carbondioxide over the past 100 million years. Am. J. Sci. 283:641-83.
55. Houston E.C. 1945. Magnesium from Olivine. Technical Publ. 1828. Am. Inst. Min. Metall. Eng. New York, NY.
56. Barnes V.E., Shock D.A., Cunningham W.A. 1950. Utilization of Texas Serpentine. Rep. No. 5020. Univ. Tex., Bur. Econ. Geol., Austin, TX.
57. 2 und Wasser. Rev. Roum. Chim. 17:1517-24.
58. 2 in mineral substrates. Energy Convers. Manag. 38(Suppl.):S259-64.
59. Goff F., Guthrie G., Lipin B., Fite M., Chipera S., et al. 2000. Evaluation of Ultramafic Deposits in the Eastern United States and Puerto Rico as Sources of Magnesium for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration. Rep. LA-13694-MS. Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
60. Kling G.W., Clark M.A., Compton H.R., Devine J.D., Evans W.C., et al. 1987. The 1986 Lake Nyos gas disaster in Cameroon, West Africa. Science 236:169-75.
61. Kheshgi H.S. 1995. Sequestering atmospheric carbon-dioxide by increasing ocean alkalinity. Energy 20:915-22.
62. Caldeira K., Rau G.H. 2000. Accelerating carbonate dissolution to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean: geochemical implications. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27:225-28.
63. Ramanathan V. 1988. The greenhouse theory of climate change: a test by an inadvertent global experiment. Science 240:293-99.
64. Hitchon B. 1996. Aquifer Disposal of Carbon Dioxide: Hydrodynamic and Mineral Trapping: Proof of Concept. Sherwood Park, Alta., Can.: Geoscience.
65. Barnes I., O'Neil J.R., Rapp J.B., White D.E. 1973. Silica-carbonate alteration of serpentine: wall rock alteration in mercury deposits of the California coast ranges. Econ. Geol. 68:388-98.
66. Walters R.P. 2001. Carbon dioxide sequestration: mineral carbonation studies. Presented at Zero Emiss. Technol., Oct. 10-11, New Orleans, LA.
67. 2. Am. J. Sci. 267:1083-104.
68. Butt D.P., Lackner K.S., Wendt C.H., Conzone S.D., Kung H., et al. 1996. Kinetics of thermal dehydroxylation and carbonation of magnesium hydroxide. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79:1892-98.
69. Kojima T., Nagamine A., Ueno N., Uemiya S. 1997. Absorption and fixation of carbon dioxide by rock weathering. Energy Conserv. Manag. 38:S461-66.
70. O'Connor W.K., Dahlin D.C., Nilsen D.N., Walters R.P., Turner P.C. 2000. Carbon dioxide sequestration by direct mineral carbonation with carbonic acid. Proc. 25th Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., Mar. 6-9, pp. 153-64. Clearwater, FL.
71. 2 disposal process via artificial weathering of calcium silicate accelerated by acetic acid. Energy 26:341-54.
72. Harris G.B., Peacy G. 1992. Production of Pure Magnesium Chloride Solution From Siliceous Magnesium Minerals. Noranda, Inc. U.S. Patent No. 5,091,161, US Patent Off., Washington, DC.
73. Kelley K.K. 1945. Energy requirements and equilibria in the dehydration, hydrolysis, and decomposition of magnesium chloride. Tech. Pap. 676, Bur. Mines, Washington, DC.
74. 2 melts. Rep. LA-UR-98-4528, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
75. 2 melts. Rep. LA-UR-98-4529, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
76. Peacy J.G., Harris G.B. 1989. Production of Magnesium Metal From Magnesium Containing Materials, Noranda Inc. Patent No. 4,800,003, U.S. Patent Off., Washington, DC.
77. 2 Melts, III. Heat Consumption in Process Design, Rep. LA-UR-98-4529, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
78. Haywood H.M., Eyre J.M., Scholes H. 2001. Carbon dioxide sequestration as stable carbonate minerals-environmental barriers. Environ. Geol. 41:11-16.
79. Wendt C.H., Butt D.P., Lackner K.S., Ziock H.-J. 1998. Thermodynamic considerations of using chlorides to accelerate the carbonate formation from magnesium silicates. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Greenh. Gas Control Technol., ed. P. Riemer, B. Eliasson, A. Wokaun, Aug. 30-Sept. 2, pp. 349-54. Interlaken, Switz.
80. Pundsack F.L. 1967. Recovery of Silica, Iron Oxide and Magnesium Carbonate from the Treament of Serpentine with Ammonium Bisulfate. Johns-Manville Corporation, U.S. Patent No. 3,338,667, US Patent Off., Washington, DC.
81. O'Connor W.K., Dahlin D.C., Nilsen D.N., Gerdemann S.J., Rush G.E., et al. 2001. Research status on the sequestration of carbon dioxide by directed aqueous mineral carbonation. Proc. 18th Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., Dec. 3-7, Sess. 35, Pap. 35-1, 11 pp. Newcastle, Aust.
82. 2 sequestration. Proc. 27th Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., pp. 819-30. Clearwater, FL.
83. Zhang Q., Sugiyama K., Suite F. 1997. Enhancement of acid extraction of magnesium and silicon from serpentine by mechano-chemical treatment. Hydrometallurgy 45:323-31.
84. Deleted in proof.
85. McKelvy M.J., Sharma R., Chizmeshya A.V.G., Carpenter R.W., Streib K. 2001. Magnesium hydroxide dehydroxylation: in situ nanoscale observations of lamellar nucleation and growth. Chem. Mater. 13:921-26.
86. Bearat H., McKelvy M.J., Chizmeshya A.V.G., Sharma R., Carpenter R.W. 2002. Magnesium hydroxide dehydroxylation/carbonation reaction processes: implications for carbon dioxide mineral sequestration. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85:742-48.
87. 2 storage as carbonate minerals. Rep. PH3/17 & 61-0156, IEA Greenh. Gas Res. Des. Programme, London, CSMA Consult. Ltd. Redruth, Cornwall, UK.
88. Ziock H.-J., Lackner K.S. 2000. Zero emission coal. Presented at 5th Int. Conf. Greenh. Gas Technol., Cairns, Aust., Aug. 14-18. Rep. LAUR-00-3573, Los Alamos Natl. Lab., Los Alamos, NM.
89. Deleted in proof.
90. 2 2000," Ship Res. Inst., Mitaka, Jpn.