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For injections at depths of <1000 m we used the R/V Point Lobos and ROV Ventana. The 3627-m experiment was carried out using the R/V Western Flyer and the ROV Tiburon. The R/V Western Flyer is a 35.7-m SWATH (small waterplane area twin hull) ship with a center "moon pool" for ROV deployment. Tiburon is a 4000-m capable ROV attached to the mother ship by an armored steel cable with both copper power conductors and single-mode optical fibers for communication and control. Six 3.7-kW electric thrusters supply thrust. The vertical ascent speed is 100 feet/min (30.48 m/min). The experiments were imaged by the vehicle cameras and data were recorded on videotape. The Ventana observations were made with a Sony DXC-3000 three-chip camera, and the Tiburon made observations with two Panasonic VW E5550 three-chip cameras, with data recorded in digital beta format. Ocean temperature, pressure, and conductivity were sensed continually by a CTD package (Falmouth Scientific) attached to either vehicle within 2 m of the experimental chambers.
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0345140433
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Images of the overflow events are posted along with other supplementary material at www.sciencemag. org/feature/data/987369.shl and at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) Web site www.mbari.org/ghgases/deep/release.htm
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0345140431
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note
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2 is incorporated into the hydrate.
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0344710037
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note
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Supported by a grant to MBARI from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. We thank the MBARI engineers, ROV pilots, and ships' crews for their skilled support.
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