Therapy of chronic hepatitis B: Current challenges and opportunities

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 393-399

  Liaw, Y F ^a,b  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b CHANG GUNG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Hepatitis B virus; Interferon ; Lamivudine; Thymosin 1; YMDD mutations

Indexed keywords

ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ASPARTIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CLEVUDINE; EMTRICITABINE; ENTECAVIR; HEPATITIS B ANTIGEN; LAMIVUDINE; NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVE; NUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE; THYMOSIN ALPHA1; VIRUS DNA;

CHRONIC HEPATITIS; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HISTOLOGY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LONG TERM CARE; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TREATMENT INDICATION; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, VIRAL; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS B, CHRONIC; HUMANS;

EID: 0036435147     PISSN: 13520504     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2002.00388.x     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. World Health Organization Fact Sheet/204. Hepatitis B. October 2000.
2. Core working party for Asia-Pacific Consensus on hepatitis B and C. Consensus statements on the prevention and management of hepatitis B and C in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15: 825-841.
3. Lok ASF, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 34: 1225-1241.
4. Nicoll A, Locarnini S. Present and future directions in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12: 843-854.
5. Liaw YF, Tsai SL. Pathogenesis and clinical significance of acute exacerbations and remissions in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Viral Hep Rev 1997; 3: 143-154.
6. Chisari FV. Viruses, immunity and cancer: Lessons from hepatitis B. Am J Path 2000; 156: 1118-1132.
7. Liaw YF, Chu CM, Su IJ et al. Clinical and histological event preceding hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic type B hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 216-219.
8. Hsu YS, Chien RN, Yeh CT et al. Long-term outcome following spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2002; 35: 1522-1527.
9. Liaw YF. Current trends in therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12: S346-S353.
10. Liaw YF. Chronic hepatitis B guidelines: East versus west. Hepatology 2002; 35: 979-981.
11. Liaw YF, Tai DI, Chu Cm, Chen TJ. The development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: A prospective study. Hepatology 1988; 8: 493-496.
12. Liaw YF, Lin DY, Chen TJ, Chu CM. Natural course after the development of cirrhosis in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: A prospective study. Liver 1989; 9: 235-241.
13. Perry CM, Wagstaff: Interferon-α-nl. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of chronic viral hepatitis. Biodrugs 1998; 9: 125-154.
14. Wong DKH, Cheung AM, O'Rourke K et al. Effect of alpha-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 312-323.
15. Nair S, Perrillo RP. Serum alanine aminotransferase flares during interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B: Is sustained clearance of HBV DNA dependent on levels of pretreatment viremia? Hepatology. 2001; 34: 1021-1026.
16. Liaw YF. Corticosteroid priming in interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Interferons & Cytokines 1994; 25: 17-20.
17. Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S et al. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334: 1422-1427
18. Manesis EK, Hadziyannis SJ. Interferon α treatment and retreatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2001; 121: 101-109.
19. Janssen HL, Gerken G, Carreno V et al. and the European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). Interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B infection: Increased efficacy of prolonged treatment. Hepatology 1999; 30: 238-243.
20. Carreno V, Marcellin P, Hadziyannis S et al. and the Euro-pean Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis. Retreatment of chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. Hepatology 1999; 29: 277-282.
21. Krogsgaard K, The Long-term Follow-up Investigator Group, The European Study Group on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). Executive team on anti-viral treatment. The long-term effect of treatment with interferon-alpha-2a in chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hep 1998; 5: 389-397.
22. Bortolotti F, Jara P, Barbera C et al. Long term effect of alpha interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B. Gut 2000; 46: 715-718.
23. Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM, Waggoner JG et al. Interferon-alpha for patients with clinically apparent cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1116-1121.
24. Perrillo R, Tamburro CC, Regenstein F et al. Low dose, titratable interferon alfa in decompensated liver disease caused by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. Gastroenetrology 1995; 109: 908-916.
25. Lin SM, Sheen IS, Chien RN et al. Long-term beneficial effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Heptology 1999; 29: 971-975.
26. Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis E, Hadziyannis SJ. The long-term outcome of interferon-α treated and untreated patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2001; 34: 306-313.
27. Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Wang YJ et al. KDA peginterferon alfa-2A (PEGASYS®): Efficacy and safety results from a phase II, randomized, actively controlled, multicenter study in the treatment of HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 34: 349A.
28. Lai MY, Cooksley WGE, Piratvisuth T et al. Efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-sA(40KD) (PEGASYS) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB): 48-Week results from a phase II study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; 17(Suppl): A27.
29. Chien RN, Liaw YF, Chen TC, Yeh CT, Sheen IS. Efficacy of thymosin α1 in patients with chronic type B hepatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 1998; 27: 1383-1387.
30. Andreone P, Cursaro C, Gramenzi A et al. A randomized controlled trial of thymosin-alpha1 versus interferon alfa treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen antibody-and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1996; 24: 774-777.
31. Chan HL, Tang JL, Tam W et al. The efficacy of thymosin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A meta-analysis. Alim Pharm Ther 2001; 15: 1899-1905.
32. Doong SL, Tsai CH, Schinazi RF, Liotta DC, Cheng YC. Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine and related analogues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 8495-8499.
33. Boni C, Penna A, Ogg GS et al. Lamivudine treatment can overcome cytotoxic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in chronic hepatitis B: New perspectives for immune therapy. Hepatology 2001; 33: 963-971.
34. Lai CL, Chien RN, Leung NW et al. A one-year trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 61-68.
35. Dienstage JL, Schiff ER, Wright TL et al. Lamivudine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis B in the United State. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1256-1263.
36. Tassopoulos NC, Volpes R, Pastore G et al. Efficacy of lamivudine in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative/hepatitis B virus DNA-positive (precore mutant) chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1999; 29: 889-896.
37. Schalm SW, Heathcote J, Cianciara J et al. Lamivudine and alpha interferon combination treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A randomised trial. Gut 2000; 46: 562-568.
38. Nowak M, Bonhoeffer S, Hill A et al. Viral dynamics in hepatitis B virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 4398-4402.
39. Liaw YF, Leung NWY, Chang TT et al. Effects of extended lamivudine therapy in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 172-180.
40. Leung NW, Lai CL, Chang TT et al. Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: Results after 3 years of therapy. Hepatology 2001; 33: 1527-1532.
41. Leung N. Nucleoside analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15 (Suppl): E53-60.
42. Chien RN, Liaw YF, Atkins M, for Asian Hepatitis Lamivudine Trial Group. Pretherapy alanine transaminase level as a determinant for hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1999; 30: 770-774.
43. Perrillo RP, Lai CL, Liaw YF et al. Predictors of HBeAg loss after lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2002; 36: 186-194.
44. Sokal E. Drug treatment of pediatric chronic hepatitis B. Paediatr Drugs 2002; 4: 361-369.
45. Jonas MM, Kelley DA, Mizerski J et al. Clinical trial of lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 1706-1713.
46. Villeneuve JP, Condreay LD, Willems B et al. Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000; 31: 207-210.
47. Perrillo RP, Wright T, Rakela J et al. A multicenter United States-Canadian trial to assess lamivudine monotherapy before and after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2001; 33: 424-432.
48. Liaw YF, Tsai SL, Chien RN et al. Prednisolone priming enhances Th1 response and efficacy of subsequent lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000; 32: 604-609.
49. Barbaro G, Zechnini F, Pellicelli AM et al. Long-term efficacy of interferon alpha-2b and lamivudine in combination compared to lamivudine monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. An Italian multicenter, randomized trial. J Hepatol 2001; 35: 406-411.
50. Serfaty L, Thabut D, Zoulim F et al. Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon monotherapies in patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to interferon alone: Results of a pilot study. Hepatology 2001; 34: 573-577.
51. Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Thibault V et al. Long-term incidence of hepatitis B virus resistance to lamivudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Hepatology. 1999; 30: 1302-1306.
52. Ling R, Mutimer D, Ahmed M et al. Selection of mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase during therapy of transplant recipients with lamivudine. Hepatology 1996; 3: 711-713.
53. Tipples GA, Ma MM, Fischer KP et al. Mutation in HBV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase confers resistance to lamivudine in vivo. Hepatology 1996; 3: 714-717.
54. Honkoop P, Niesters HG, de Man RA et al. Lamivudine resistance in immunocompetent chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatology 1997; 26: 1393-1395.
55. Fu L, Cheng YC. Role of additional mutations outside the YMDD motif of hepatitis B virus polymerase in L(-)SddC (3TC) resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 55: 1567-1572.
56. Nierters HG, Honkoop P, Haagsma EB et al. Identification of more than one mutation in the hepatitis B virus polymerase gene arising during prolonged lamivudine treatment. J Infect Dis 1998; 177: 1382-1385.
57. Yeh CT, Chien RN, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Clearance of the original hepatitis B virus YMDD-motif mutants with emergence of distinct lamivudine-resistant mutants during prolonged lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000; 31: 1318-1326.
58. Hussain M, Lok ASF. Mutations in the hepatitis B virus polymerase gene associated with antiviral treatment for hepatitis B. J Viral Hepatitis 1999; 6: 183-194.
59. Melegari M, Scaglioni PP, Wands JR. Hepatitis B virus mutants associated with 3TC and famciclovir administration are replication defective. Hepatology 1998; 27: 628-633.
60. Si Ahmed SN, Tavan D, Pichoud C et al. Early detection of viral resistance by determination of hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations in patients treated by lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000; 32: 1078-1088.
61. Bock CT, Tillmann HL, Torresi J et al. Selection of hepatitis B virus polymerase mutants with enhanced replication by lamivudine treatment after liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: 264-273.
62. Liaw YF, Chien RN, Yeh CT et al. Acute exacerbation and hepatitis B virus clearance after emergence of YMDD motif mutation during lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 1999; 30: 567-572.
63. Hadziyannis SJ, Papatheodoridis GV, Dimou E et al. Efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000; 32: 847-851.
64. Liu CJ, Chen PJ, Lai MY, Kao JH, Chen DS. Hepatitis B virus variants in patients receiving lamivudine treatment with breakthrough hepatitis evaluated by serial viral loads and full-length viral sequences. Hepatology 2001; 34: 583-589.
65. Papatheodoridis GV, Dimou E, Laras A, Papadimitropoulos V, Hadziyannis SJ. Course of virologic breakthroughs under long-term lamivudine in HBeAg-negative precore mutant HBV liver disease. Hepatology. 2002; 36: 219-226.
66. Liaw YF. Management of YMDD mutations during lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002; (in press).
67. Honkoop P, RA, Niesters HGM et al. Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection after withdrawal of lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2000; 32: 635-639.
68. Song BC, Suh DJ, Lee HC et al. Hepatitis B e antigen sero-conversion after lamivudine therapy is not durable in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Korea. Hepatology 2000; 32: 803-806.
69. Richman DD. The impact of drug resistance on the effectiveness of chemotherapy for chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 2000; 32: 866-867.
70. Santantonio T, Niro GA, Sinisi E et al. Lamivudine/interferon combination therapy in anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B patients: A controlled pilot study. J Hepatol 2002; 36: 799-804.
71. Wong VWS, Chan HLY, Wong ML, Leung N. Is it safe to stop lamivuidne after the emergence of YMDD mutants during lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B? J Hepatol 2002; 36: S177.
72. Liaw YF, Chien RN, Yeh CT et al. To continue or not continue lamivudine therapy after emergence of YMDD mutations. Gastroenterology 2002; 122: A-628.
73. Peters M, Hann HW, Martin P et al. Adefovir dipivoxil alone and in combination with lamivudine suppresses lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus replication: 16 Week interim analysis. J Hepatol 2002; 36: S6-S7.
74. Tassopoulos N, Hadziyannis S, Cianciara J et al. Entecavir is effective in treating patients with chronic hepatitis B who have failed lamivudine therapy. Hepatology 2001; 34: 340A.
75. Lau GKK. Use of immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15 (Suppl): E46-52.