메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 182, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 197-207

Ultrafine particles cause cytoskeletal dysfunctions in macrophages

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Cytoskeleton; Diesel exhaust; Phagocytosis; Phagosome transport; Stiffness; Ultrafine particles; Urban dust; Viscoelasticity

Indexed keywords

CARBON; DICHLOROMETHANE; FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL; TITANIUM DIOXIDE;

EID: 0036392015     PISSN: 0041008X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9430     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (118)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0027853040 scopus 로고
    • Magnetometric evaluation of the effects of gallium arsenide on the clearance and relaxation of iron particles
    • Aizawa, Y., Takata, T., Karube, H., Tatsumi, H., Inokuchi, N., Kotani, M., and Chiyotani, K. (1993). Magnetometric evaluation of the effects of gallium arsenide on the clearance and relaxation of iron particles. Ind. Health 31, 143-153.
    • (1993) Ind. Health , vol.31 , pp. 143-153
    • Aizawa, Y.1    Takata, T.2    Karube, H.3    Tatsumi, H.4    Inokuchi, N.5    Kotani, M.6    Chiyotani, K.7
  • 2
    • 0028423503 scopus 로고
    • Magnetopneumographic estimation of particle phagocytosis in the human lungs
    • Barth, W., Möller, W., Pohlit, W., Stahlhofen, W., and Wiegand, J. (1994). Magnetopneumographic estimation of particle phagocytosis in the human lungs. J. Aerosol Sci. 25, S491-S492.
    • (1994) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.25
    • Barth, W.1    Möller, W.2    Pohlit, W.3    Stahlhofen, W.4    Wiegand, J.5
  • 3
    • 0026761918 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms, measurement, and significance of lung macrophage function
    • Brain, J. D. (1992). Mechanisms, measurement, and significance of lung macrophage function. Environ. Health Perspect. 97, 5-10.
    • (1992) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.97 , pp. 5-10
    • Brain, J.D.1
  • 4
    • 0033626747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased inflammation and intracellular calcium caused by ultrafine carbon black is independent of transition metals or other soluble components
    • Brown, D. M., Stone, V., Findlay, P., MacNee, W., and Donaldson, K. (2000). Increased inflammation and intracellular calcium caused by ultrafine carbon black is independent of transition metals or other soluble components. Occup. Environ. Med. 57, 685-691.
    • (2000) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.57 , pp. 685-691
    • Brown, D.M.1    Stone, V.2    Findlay, P.3    MacNee, W.4    Donaldson, K.5
  • 5
    • 12444272525 scopus 로고
    • Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers
    • Brunauer, S., Emmett, P. H., and Teller, E. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309-319.
    • (1938) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.60 , pp. 309-319
    • Brunauer, S.1    Emmett, P.H.2    Teller, E.3
  • 6
    • 0030297198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The carcinogenic potency of carbon particles with and without PAH after repeated intratracheal administration in the rat
    • Dasenbrock, C., Peters, L., Creutzenberg, O., and Heinrich, U. (1996). The carcinogenic potency of carbon particles with and without PAH after repeated intratracheal administration in the rat. Toxicol. Lett. 88, 1-3.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.88 , pp. 1-3
    • Dasenbrock, C.1    Peters, L.2    Creutzenberg, O.3    Heinrich, U.4
  • 8
    • 0035002272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air quality in postunification Erfurt, East Germany: Associating changes in pollutant concentrations with changes in emissions
    • Ebelt, S., Brauer, M., Cyrys, J., Tuch, T., Kreyling, W. G., Wichmann, H.-E., and Heinrich, J. (2001). Air quality in postunification Erfurt, East Germany: Associating changes in pollutant concentrations with changes in emissions. Environ. Health Perspect. 109, 325-333.
    • (2001) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.109 , pp. 325-333
    • Ebelt, S.1    Brauer, M.2    Cyrys, J.3    Tuch, T.4    Kreyling, W.G.5    Wichmann, H.-E.6    Heinrich, J.7
  • 9
    • 0028246020 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary retention and clearance of particles
    • Ferin, J. (1994). Pulmonary retention and clearance of particles. Toxicol. Lett. 72, 121-125.
    • (1994) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.72 , pp. 121-125
    • Ferin, J.1
  • 11
    • 0031939935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of actin-binding protein 280 in integrin-dependent mechanoprotection
    • Glogauer, M., Arora, P., Chou, D., Janmey, P. A., Downey, G. P., and McCulloch, C. A. (1998). The role of actin-binding protein 280 in integrin-dependent mechanoprotection. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1689-1698.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 1689-1698
    • Glogauer, M.1    Arora, P.2    Chou, D.3    Janmey, P.A.4    Downey, G.P.5    McCulloch, C.A.6
  • 13
    • 0033921858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous recording of calcium transients and reactive oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and the environmental agent sulfite
    • Grundler, W., Dirscherl, P., Beck-Speier, I., Beisker, W., Stampfl, A., Zimmermann, I., and Maier, K. (2000). Simultaneous recording of calcium transients and reactive oxygen intermediates of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes in response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and the environmental agent sulfite. Cytometry 40, 219-229.
    • (2000) Cytometry , vol.40 , pp. 219-229
    • Grundler, W.1    Dirscherl, P.2    Beck-Speier, I.3    Beisker, W.4    Stampfl, A.5    Zimmermann, I.6    Maier, K.7
  • 14
    • 0024494933 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of a calcium-dependent actin nucleation activity by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in rabbit macrophage cytoskeletons
    • Hartwig, J. H., and Janmey, P. A. (1989). Stimulation of a calcium-dependent actin nucleation activity by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in rabbit macrophage cytoskeletons. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1, 64-71.
    • (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1 , pp. 64-71
    • Hartwig, J.H.1    Janmey, P.A.2
  • 15
    • 0033605437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in allergies among children in a region of former East Germany between 1992-1993 and 1995-1996
    • Heinrich, J., Hoelscher, B., Jacob, B., Wjst, M., and Wichmann, H. E. (1999). Trends in allergies among children in a region of former East Germany between 1992-1993 and 1995-1996. Eur. J. Med. Res. 4, 107-113.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Med. Res. , vol.4 , pp. 107-113
    • Heinrich, J.1    Hoelscher, B.2    Jacob, B.3    Wjst, M.4    Wichmann, H.E.5
  • 16
    • 0032559260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport
    • Hirokawa, N. (1998). Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. Science 279, 519-526.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 519-526
    • Hirokawa, N.1
  • 17
    • 0028691953 scopus 로고
    • Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. A report of a task group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
    • ICRP (1994). Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. A report of a Task Group of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP 24, 1-482.
    • (1994) Ann. ICRP , vol.24 , pp. 1-482
  • 18
    • 0031850240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cytoskeleton and cell signaling: Component localization and mechanical coupling
    • Janmey, P. A. (1998). The cytoskeleton and cell signaling: Component localization and mechanical coupling. Physiol. Rev. 78, 763-781.
    • (1998) Physiol. Rev. , vol.78 , pp. 763-781
    • Janmey, P.A.1
  • 19
    • 0030245660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the early pulmonary inflammatory response associated with PTFE fume exposure
    • Johnston, C. J., Finkelstein, J. N., Gelein, R., Baggs, R., and Oberdoerster, G. (1996). Characterization of the early pulmonary inflammatory response associated with PTFE fume exposure. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 140, 154-163.
    • (1996) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.140 , pp. 154-163
    • Johnston, C.J.1    Finkelstein, J.N.2    Gelein, R.3    Baggs, R.4    Oberdoerster, G.5
  • 21
    • 0344118223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term inflammatory responses following intratracheal instillation of fine and ultrafine carbon black in rats
    • Li, X. Y., Brown, D., Smith, S., MacNee, W., and Donaldson, K. (1999). Short-term inflammatory responses following intratracheal instillation of fine and ultrafine carbon black in rats. Inhal. Toxicol. 11, 709-731.
    • (1999) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.11 , pp. 709-731
    • Li, X.Y.1    Brown, D.2    Smith, S.3    MacNee, W.4    Donaldson, K.5
  • 22
    • 2142797865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro proinflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10)
    • Li, X. Y., Gilmour, P. S., Donaldson, K., and MacNee, W. (1997). In vivo and in vitro proinflammatory effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). Environ. Health Perspect. 105(Suppl. 5), 1279-1283.
    • (1997) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.105 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1279-1283
    • Li, X.Y.1    Gilmour, P.S.2    Donaldson, K.3    MacNee, W.4
  • 23
    • 0032751823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingested aggregates of ultrafine carbon particles and interferon-gamma impair rat alveolar macrophage function
    • Lundborg, M., Johansson, A., Lastbom, L., and Camner, P. (1999). Ingested aggregates of ultrafine carbon particles and interferon-gamma impair rat alveolar macrophage function. Environ. Res. 81, 309-315.
    • (1999) Environ. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 309-315
    • Lundborg, M.1    Johansson, A.2    Lastbom, L.3    Camner, P.4
  • 24
    • 0034065174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can ultrafine particles be responsible for increased mortality?
    • MacNee, W., and Donaldson, K. (2000). How can ultrafine particles be responsible for increased mortality? Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 55, 135-139.
    • (2000) Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. , vol.55 , pp. 135-139
    • MacNee, W.1    Donaldson, K.2
  • 26
    • 0033897343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic phagosome motion in J774A.1 macrophages: Influence of cytoskeletal drugs
    • Möller, W., Nemoto, I., Matsuzaki, T., Hofer, T., and Heyder, J. (2000). Magnetic phagosome motion in J774A.1 macrophages: Influence of cytoskeletal drugs. Biophys. J. 79, 720-730.
    • (2000) Biophys. J. , vol.79 , pp. 720-730
    • Möller, W.1    Nemoto, I.2    Matsuzaki, T.3    Hofer, T.4    Heyder, J.5
  • 27
    • 0025588763 scopus 로고
    • Improved spinning top aerosol-generator for the production of high concentrated ferrimagnetic aerosols
    • Möller, W., Roth, C., and Stahlhofen, W. (1990). Improved spinning top aerosol-generator for the production of high concentrated ferrimagnetic aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 21, S657-S660.
    • (1990) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.21
    • Möller, W.1    Roth, C.2    Stahlhofen, W.3
  • 28
    • 0035063911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of spherical monodisperse ferrimagnetic iron-oxide microparticles between 1 and 5 μm diameter
    • Möller, W., Scheuch, G., Sommerer, K., and Heyder, J. (2001b). Preparation of spherical monodisperse ferrimagnetic iron-oxide microparticles between 1 and 5 μm diameter. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 225, 8-16.
    • (2001) J. Magn. Magn. Mater. , vol.225 , pp. 8-16
    • Möller, W.1    Scheuch, G.2    Sommerer, K.3    Heyder, J.4
  • 29
    • 0030770362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing mechanical properties of living cells by magnetopneumography
    • Möller, W., Takenaka, S., Rust, M., Stahlhofen, W., and Heyder, J. (1997). Probing mechanical properties of living cells by magnetopneumography. J. Aerosol Med. 10, 173-186.
    • (1997) J. Aerosol Med. , vol.10 , pp. 173-186
    • Möller, W.1    Takenaka, S.2    Rust, M.3    Stahlhofen, W.4    Heyder, J.5
  • 30
    • 0035074341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular machinery for lysosome biogenesis
    • Mullins, C., and Bonifacino, J. S. (2001). The molecular machinery for lysosome biogenesis. Bioessays 23, 333-343.
    • (2001) Bioessays , vol.23 , pp. 333-343
    • Mullins, C.1    Bonifacino, J.S.2
  • 31
    • 0020331167 scopus 로고
    • A model of magnetization and relaxation of ferrimagnetic particles in the lung
    • Nemoto, I. (1982). A model of magnetization and relaxation of ferrimagnetic particles in the lung. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 29, 745-752.
    • (1982) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.29 , pp. 745-752
    • Nemoto, I.1
  • 32
    • 0033973829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A viscoelastic model of phagosome motion within cells based on cytomagnetometric measurements
    • Nemoto, I., and Möller, W. (2000). A viscoelastic model of phagosome motion within cells based on cytomagnetometric measurements. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 47, 170-182.
    • (2000) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.47 , pp. 170-182
    • Nemoto, I.1    Möller, W.2
  • 33
    • 0024474897 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the energy of cytoplasmic movements by magnetometry: Effects of temperature and intracellular concentration of ATP
    • Nemoto, I., Ogura, K., and Toyotama, H. (1989). Estimation of the energy of cytoplasmic movements by magnetometry: Effects of temperature and intracellular concentration of ATP. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36, 598-607.
    • (1989) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.36 , pp. 598-607
    • Nemoto, I.1    Ogura, K.2    Toyotama, H.3
  • 34
    • 0024655933 scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine particles as trace catchers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The photoelectric aerosol sensor as a tool for in situ sorption and desorption studies
    • Niessner, R., and Wilbring, P. (1989). Ultrafine particles as trace catchers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: The photoelectric aerosol sensor as a tool for in situ sorption and desorption studies. Anal. Chem. 61, 708-714.
    • (1989) Anal. Chem. , vol.61 , pp. 708-714
    • Niessner, R.1    Wilbring, P.2
  • 37
    • 0024589613 scopus 로고
    • Intraphagosomal pH in alveolar macrophages studied with fluorescein-labeled amorphous silica particles
    • Nyberg, K., Johansson, A., and Camner, P. (1989). Intraphagosomal pH in alveolar macrophages studied with fluorescein-labeled amorphous silica particles. Exp. Lung Res. 15, 49-62.
    • (1989) Exp. Lung Res. , vol.15 , pp. 49-62
    • Nyberg, K.1    Johansson, A.2    Camner, P.3
  • 39
    • 0026503963 scopus 로고
    • Volumetric loading of alveolar macrophages (AM): A possible basis for diminished AM-mediated particle clearance
    • Oberdoerster, G., Ferin, J., and Morrow, P. E. (1992b). Volumetric loading of alveolar macrophages (AM): A possible basis for diminished AM-mediated particle clearance. Exp. Lung Res. 18, 87-104.
    • (1992) Exp. Lung Res. , vol.18 , pp. 87-104
    • Oberdoerster, G.1    Ferin, J.2    Morrow, P.E.3
  • 40
    • 0033499560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro toxicity of gallium arsenide in alveolar macrophages evaluated by magnetometry, cytochemistry and morphology
    • Okada, M., Karube, H., Niitsuya, M., Aizawa, Y., Okayasu, I., and Kotani, M. (1999). In vitro toxicity of gallium arsenide in alveolar macrophages evaluated by magnetometry, cytochemistry and morphology. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 189, 267-281.
    • (1999) Tohoku J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 267-281
    • Okada, M.1    Karube, H.2    Niitsuya, M.3    Aizawa, Y.4    Okayasu, I.5    Kotani, M.6
  • 42
    • 0034936092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change of the ambient particle size distribution in East Germany between 1993 and 1999
    • Pitz, M., Kreyling, W. G., Holscher, B., Cyrys, J., Wichmann, H. E., and Heinrich, J. (2001). Change of the ambient particle size distribution in East Germany between 1993 and 1999. Atmos. Environ. 35, 4357-4366.
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ. , vol.35 , pp. 4357-4366
    • Pitz, M.1    Kreyling, W.G.2    Holscher, B.3    Cyrys, J.4    Wichmann, H.E.5    Heinrich, J.6
  • 44
    • 0033991808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple theory of motor protein kinetics and energetics
    • Qian, H. (2000). A simple theory of motor protein kinetics and energetics. Biophys. Chem. 83, 35-43.
    • (2000) Biophys. Chem. , vol.83 , pp. 35-43
    • Qian, H.1
  • 45
    • 0016685474 scopus 로고
    • Phagocytosis and cytolysis by a macrophage tumour and its cloned cell line
    • Ralph, P., and Nakoinz, I. (1975). Phagocytosis and cytolysis by a macrophage tumour and its cloned cell line. Nature 257, 393-394.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.257 , pp. 393-394
    • Ralph, P.1    Nakoinz, I.2
  • 46
    • 0035871227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by ultrafine particles
    • Renwick, L. C., Donaldson, K., and Clouter, A. (2001). Impairment of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by ultrafine particles. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 172, 119-127.
    • (2001) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.172 , pp. 119-127
    • Renwick, L.C.1    Donaldson, K.2    Clouter, A.3
  • 47
    • 0033941630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, respiratory symptoms and lung function among adults: West and East Germany
    • INGA Study Group. Indoor Factors and Genetics in Asthma
    • Richter, K., Heinrich, J., Jörres, R. A., Magnussen, H., and Wichmann, H. E. (2000). Trends in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, respiratory symptoms and lung function among adults: West and East Germany. INGA Study Group. Indoor Factors and Genetics in Asthma. Respir. Med. 94, 668-677.
    • (2000) Respir. Med. , vol.94 , pp. 668-677
    • Richter, K.1    Heinrich, J.2    Jörres, R.A.3    Magnussen, H.4    Wichmann, H.E.5
  • 48
    • 0001636148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do inhaled ultrafine particles cause acute health effects in rats? I. Particle production
    • Roth, C., Karg, E., and Heyder, J. (1998). Do inhaled ultrafine particles cause acute health effects in rats? I. Particle production. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, S679-S680.
    • (1998) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.29
    • Roth, C.1    Karg, E.2    Heyder, J.3
  • 50
    • 0027299745 scopus 로고
    • On the crawling of animal cells
    • Stossel, T. P. (1993). On the crawling of animal cells. Science 260, 1086-1094.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1086-1094
    • Stossel, T.P.1
  • 51
    • 0033775930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A morphologic study on the fate of ultrafine silver particles: Distribution pattern of phagocytized metallic silver in vitro and in vivo
    • Takenaka, S., Karg, E., Möller, W., Roth, C., Ziesenis, A., Heinzmann, U., Schramel, P., and Heyder, J. (2000). A morphologic study on the fate of ultrafine silver particles: Distribution pattern of phagocytized metallic silver in vitro and in vivo. Inhal. Toxicol. 12, 291-299.
    • (2000) Inhal. Toxicol. , vol.12 , pp. 291-299
    • Takenaka, S.1    Karg, E.2    Möller, W.3    Roth, C.4    Ziesenis, A.5    Heinzmann, U.6    Schramel, P.7    Heyder, J.8
  • 52
    • 0034013295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phagosome dynamics and function
    • Tjelle, T. E., Lovdal, T., and Berg, T. (2000). Phagosome dynamics and function. Bioessays 22, 255-263.
    • (2000) Bioessays , vol.22 , pp. 255-263
    • Tjelle, T.E.1    Lovdal, T.2    Berg, T.3
  • 53
    • 0023423580 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic particle motions within living cells: Physical theory and techniques
    • Valberg, P. A., and Butler, J. P. (1987). Magnetic particle motions within living cells: Physical theory and techniques. Biophys. J. 52, 537-550.
    • (1987) Biophys. J. , vol.52 , pp. 537-550
    • Valberg, P.A.1    Butler, J.P.2
  • 54
    • 0023428003 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic particle motions within living cells: Measurement of cytoplasmic viscosity and motile activity
    • Valberg, P. A., and Feldman, H. A. (1987). Magnetic particle motions within living cells: Measurement of cytoplasmic viscosity and motile activity. Biophys. J. 52, 551-561.
    • (1987) Biophys. J. , vol.52 , pp. 551-561
    • Valberg, P.A.1    Feldman, H.A.2
  • 55
    • 0020017588 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in neutrophils during chemotaxis and phagocytosis
    • Valerius, N. H., Stendahl, O. I., Hartwig, J. H., and Stossel, T. P. (1982). Distribution of actin-binding protein and myosin in neutrophils during chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 141, 19-28.
    • (1982) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.141 , pp. 19-28
    • Valerius, N.H.1    Stendahl, O.I.2    Hartwig, J.H.3    Stossel, T.P.4
  • 56
    • 0031985647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexin V-affinity assay: A review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure
    • van Engeland, M., Nieland, L. J., Ramaekers, F. C., Schutte, B., and Reutelingsperger, C. P. (1998). Annexin V-affinity assay: A review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure. Cytometry 31, 1-9.
    • (1998) Cytometry , vol.31 , pp. 1-9
    • Van Engeland, M.1    Nieland, L.J.2    Ramaekers, F.C.3    Schutte, B.4    Reutelingsperger, C.P.5
  • 58
    • 0028342810 scopus 로고
    • Control of cytoskeletal mechanics by extracellular matrix, cell shape, and mechanical tension
    • Wang, N., and Ingber, D. E. (1994). Control of cytoskeletal mechanics by extracellular matrix, cell shape, and mechanical tension. Biophys. J. 66, 2181-2189.
    • (1994) Biophys. J. , vol.66 , pp. 2181-2189
    • Wang, N.1    Ingber, D.E.2
  • 59
    • 0031194355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation of high concentrations of low toxicity dusts in rats results in impaired pulmonary clearance mechanisms and persistent inflammation
    • Warheit, D. B., Hansen, J. F., Yuen, I. S., Kelly, D. P., Snajdr, S. I., and Hartsky, M. A. (1997). Inhalation of high concentrations of low toxicity dusts in rats results in impaired pulmonary clearance mechanisms and persistent inflammation. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 145, 10-22.
    • (1997) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.145 , pp. 10-22
    • Warheit, D.B.1    Hansen, J.F.2    Yuen, I.S.3    Kelly, D.P.4    Snajdr, S.I.5    Hartsky, M.A.6
  • 60
    • 0031870087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the extent of inflammation caused by intratracheal exposure to three ultrafine metals: Role of free radicals
    • Zhang, Q., Kusaka, Y., Sato, K., Nakakuki, K., Kohyama, N., and Donaldson, K. (1998). Differences in the extent of inflammation caused by intratracheal exposure to three ultrafine metals: Role of free radicals. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 53, 423-438.
    • (1998) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.53 , pp. 423-438
    • Zhang, Q.1    Kusaka, Y.2    Sato, K.3    Nakakuki, K.4    Kohyama, N.5    Donaldson, K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.