Violating the Mores, Seizing the Guards: The Riot of the 'Youth of Perestroika' in an Israeli Military Jail

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 123-138

  Epstein, Alek D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036387239     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/714005615     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Thorsten Sellin, Culture Conflict and Crime (New York: Social Science Research Council 1938), pp.29-30.
2. Ibid., p.63.
3. Ann Swidler, 'Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies', American Sociological Review 51 (1986), p.273.
4. For further discussion see: Alek Epstein, 'State-Mediated "Hierarchy of Diversities" and the Freedom of Individual Self-Identification: Towards a Dynamic Liberal Model of Multiculturalism', New Global Development: Journal of International and Comparative Social Welfare, 15 (1999), pp.36-51.
5. Robert Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure (New York: Free Press, 1968), p.216.
6. On the importance of relative deprivation in the explanation of the occurrence and the level of group rebellion see the cross-cultural research conducted by Ryan Dudley and Ross Miller, 'Group Rebellion in the 1980s', Journal of Conflict Resolution 42 (1998), pp.77-96.
7. On immigrant teenagers' marginality see Rita Sever and Alek Epstein, 'Personal and Contextual Marginality of Immigrant Students in Israel' (Paper presented at the 34th World Congress of the International Institute of Sociology, Tel Aviv University, 11-15 July 1999).
8. Cited in Steve Rodan, 'Hostages Freed From Prison', Jerusalem Post, 11 Aug. 1997, p.1.
9. Itim, 'Soldier-Prisoners Take Nine Wardens Hostage', Jerusalem Post, 10 Aug. 1997, p.1.
10. Liat Collins, 'MKs Criticize IDF Over Prison Deal', Jerusalem Post, 12 Aug. 1997, p.16.
11. Cited in Batsheva Tsur, 'IDF Won't Honor Deal Made With Rioting Prisoners', Jerusalem Post, 3 Sept. 1997, p.1.
12. Cited in Liat Collins, 'Shahak Still Studying Jail Riot Findings', Jerusalem Post, 27 Aug. 1997, p.20.
13. Cited in Batsheva Tsur, 'Arbel Checking Prison Deal', Jerusalem Post, 14 Aug. 1997, p.4.
14. See Elihu Rose, 'The Anatomy of Mutiny', Armed Forces and Society 8/4 (1982), pp.561-74.
15. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
16. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
17. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
18. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
19. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
20. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
21. For further details see Russell Oswald, Attica: My Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1972); Malcolm Bell, The Turkey Shoot: Tracking the Attica Cover-up (New York: Grove Press 1986); articles published in the special issue of Social Justice (18/3 [1991]) entitled 'Attica: 1971-1991 - A Commemorative Issue'; Andrew Hopkins, 'The Prison Strike: Some General Considerations and a Case Study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Melbourne 6 (1973), pp.32-46; William Hart, 'In Michigan, Officers Rebel, Then Inmates Riot', Corrections Magazine 7/4 (1981), pp.52-56; Vernon Fox, 'Prisons: Reform or Rebellion?', in Charles Reasons (ed.), The Criminologist: Crime and the Criminal (Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear Publishing 1974), pp.388-403; William Pederson, 'Inmate Movements and Prison Uprisings: a Comparative Study', Social Science Quarterly 59 (1978), pp.509-24.
22. See David C. Rapoport, 'A Comparative Theory of Military and Political Types', in Samuel Huntington (ed.), Changing Patients of Military Politics (New York: Free Press 1962), pp.71-101.
23. See Dan Horowitz, 'The Israel Defence Forces: A Civilianized Military in a Partially Militarized Society', in R. Kolkowitz and A. Korbonsky (eds.), Soldiers, Peasants, and Bureaucrats (London: Allen & Unwin 1982), pp.77-105.
24. See Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, 'The Emergence of Militaristic Nationalism in Israel', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3 (1989), pp.5-49; Baruch Kimmerling, 'Patterns of Militarism in Israel', European Journal of Sociology 34 (1993), p.196-223.
25. See Shulamit Carmi and Henry Rosenfeld, 'The Emergence of Militaristic Nationalism in Israel', International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 3 (1989), pp.5-49; Baruch Kimmerling, 'Patterns of Militarism in Israel', European Journal of Sociology 34 (1993), p.196-223.
26. See Stuart Cohen, 'The Israeli Defence Forces: From a "People's Army" to a "Professional Military" - Causes and Implications', Armed Forces and Society 21/2 (1995), pp.237-54.
27. Sara Helman, 'Militarism and the Construction of Community', Journal of Political and Military Sociology 25 (1997), pp.305-32.
28. Baruch Kimmerling, 'Making Conflict a Routine: Cumulative Effects of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Upon Israeli Society', Journal of Strategic Studies 6 (1983), pp.13-45; Uri Ben-Eliezer, 'A Nation in Arms: State, Nation and Militarism in Israel's First Years', Comparative Studies in Society and History 37 (1995), pp.264-85.
29. Baruch Kimmerling, 'Making Conflict a Routine: Cumulative Effects of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Upon Israeli Society', Journal of Strategic Studies 6 (1983), pp.13-45; Uri Ben-Eliezer, 'A Nation in Arms: State, Nation and Militarism in Israel's First Years', Comparative Studies in Society and History 37 (1995), pp.264-85.
30. Asher Arian, Ilan Talmud and Tamar Herman, National Security and Public Opinion in Israel (Boulder, CO: Westview Press 1988), p.83.
31. Baruch Kimmerling, 'Political Subcultures and Civilian Militarism in a Settler-Immigrant Society', in Daniel Bar-Tal, Dan Jacobson and Aharon Klieman (eds.), Security Concerns: Insights from the Israeli Experience (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1999), pp.404-5.
32. Reuven Gal, A Portrait of the Israeli Soldier (New York: Greenwood Press, 1986), p.59.
33. For more serious discussion of this issue see Reuven Gal, 'Commitment and Obedience in the Military: An Israeli Case Study', Armed Forces and Society 11/4 (1985), pp.553-64; Ruth Linn, Conscience at War: Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 1997); Alek Epstein, 'In Search of Legitimacy: Development of Conscientious Objection in Israel from the Founding of the State to the Lebanon Campaign'. Israeli Sociology 1/2 (1999), pp.319-54 [in Hebrew].
34. For more serious discussion of this issue see Reuven Gal, 'Commitment and Obedience in the Military: An Israeli Case Study', Armed Forces and Society 11/4 (1985), pp.553-64; Ruth Linn, Conscience at War: Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 1997); Alek Epstein, 'In Search of Legitimacy: Development of Conscientious Objection in Israel from the Founding of the State to the Lebanon Campaign'. Israeli Sociology 1/2 (1999), pp.319-54 [in Hebrew].
35. For more serious discussion of this issue see Reuven Gal, 'Commitment and Obedience in the Military: An Israeli Case Study', Armed Forces and Society 11/4 (1985), pp.553-64; Ruth Linn, Conscience at War: Israeli Soldier as a Moral Critic (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 1997); Alek Epstein, 'In Search of Legitimacy: Development of Conscientious Objection in Israel from the Founding of the State to the Lebanon Campaign'. Israeli Sociology 1/2 (1999), pp.319-54 [in Hebrew].
36. On the Druzes in the Israeli army see Hillel Frisch, 'The Druze Minority in the Israeli Military: Traditionalizing an Ethnic Policing Role', Armed Forces and Society 20 (1993), pp.51-67.
37. For further discussion see Alek Epstein and Nina Kheimets, 'Cultural Clash and Educational Diversity: Immigrant Teachers' Effort to Rescue the Education of Immigrant Children in Israel', International Studies in Sociology of Education 10/2 (2000), pp.191-210.
38. Paul Easton, 'The Rock Music Community', in Jim Riordan (ed.), Soviet Youth Culture (London: Macmillan 1989), p.46.
39. See T. Frisby in Riordan (note 28).
40. Tamar Horowitz, 'Assimilation, Monolingualism, Unidirectionality, and Stereotyping', in T. Horowitz (ed.), Children of Perestroika in Israel (Lanham, MD: University Press of America 1999), pp.31-34.
41. See Deborah Adelman, 'After Graduation, What?', in Anthony Jones, Education and Society in the New Russia (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 1994), pp.289-310.
42. Julia Mirsky and Leah Prawer, 'Immigrating as an Adolescent', in T. Horowitz (ed.), Children of Perestroika in Israel (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999), p.104.
43. Julia Mirsky, 'Age of Maturation, Immigration and Culturally Dependent Processes Among the Immigrant Adolescents from the Former Soviet Union'. Research report (Falk Institute for Behavioural Research, 1991 [in Hebrew]).
44. Svetlana Boym, Common Places. Mythologies of Everyday Life in Russia (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), p.224.
45. Andrew Wilson and Nina Bachkatov, Living with Glasnost. Youth and Society in a Changing Russia (London: Penguin Books 1988), p.172.
46. David Ben-Gurion, Uniqueness and Mission (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1971 [in Hebrew]), p.81; cited in Yoav Gelber, 'Ben-Gurion and the Creation of the IDF', Jerusalem Quarterly 50 (1990), pp.83-85.
47. David Ben-Gurion, Uniqueness and Mission (Tel Aviv: Am Oved 1971 [in Hebrew]), p.81; cited in Yoav Gelber, 'Ben-Gurion and the Creation of the IDF', Jerusalem Quarterly 50 (1990), pp.83-85.
48. Stuart Cohen, 'Military Service in Israel: No Longer a Cohesive Force?', Jewish Journal of Sociology 39 (1997), p.6.
49. Victor Azarya and Baruch Kimmerling, 'New Immigrants in the Israeli Armed Forces', Armed Forces and Society 6/3 (1980), p.478.
50. Victor Azarya and Baruch Kimmerling, 'New Immigrants as a Special Group in the Israeli Armed Forces', The Journal of Strategic Studies 6 (1983), p.147.
51. Abraham Carmeli and Judith Fadlon, 'Motivation to Serve in the Israeli Army: The Gap between Cultural Involvement and Cultural Performance', in Noah Lewin-Epstein, Yaacov Ro'i and Paul Ritterband (eds.), Russian Jews on Three Continents: Immigration and Resettlement (London: Frank Cass 1997), p.304. See also: Edna Lomski-Feder and Tamar Rapoport, 'Juggling Models of Masculinity: Russian-Jewish Immigrants in the Israeli Army', Israeli Sociology 3/1 (2000), pp.31-51 [in Hebrew].
52. Abraham Carmeli and Judith Fadlon, 'Motivation to Serve in the Israeli Army: The Gap between Cultural Involvement and Cultural Performance', in Noah Lewin-Epstein, Yaacov Ro'i and Paul Ritterband (eds.), Russian Jews on Three Continents: Immigration and Resettlement (London: Frank Cass 1997), p.304. See also: Edna Lomski-Feder and Tamar Rapoport, 'Juggling Models of Masculinity: Russian-Jewish Immigrants in the Israeli Army', Israeli Sociology 3/1 (2000), pp.31-51 [in Hebrew].
53. See Stuart Cohen, 'Israel and her Army: Towards a Posture of Military Role Contraction?', Journal of Political and Military Sociology 17 (1994), pp.1-21; Stuart Cohen, 'From Integration to Segregation: The Role of Religion in the IDF', Armed Forces and Society 25/3 (1999), pp.387-406.
54. See Stuart Cohen, 'Israel and her Army: Towards a Posture of Military Role Contraction?', Journal of Political and Military Sociology 17 (1994), pp.1-21; Stuart Cohen, 'From Integration to Segregation: The Role of Religion in the IDF', Armed Forces and Society 25/3 (1999), pp.387-406.
55. See Stuart Cohen, 'Towards a New Portrait of the (New) Israeli Soldier', Israel Affairs 3 (1997), pp.77-117.
56. See Reuven Gal, 'The Motivation for Serving in the IDF: In the Mirror of Time' (Research Report. Tel Aviv University: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, 1999).
57. Ibid., p.7.
58. See Baruch Kimmerling, 'The New Israelis: Multiple Cultures without Multiculturalism', Alpayim 16 (1998), pp.264-308 [in Hebrew].
59. Deborah Adelman, The 'Children of Perestroika'. Moscow Teenagers Talk About Their Lives and the Future (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe 1991), p.24.
60. Howard S. Becker, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance (New York: Free Press 1963).
61. Anatoliy Gitelman, 'Maiskiy Balagan v Chetverke', Junost ['Youth', in Russian], 8 (1998), pp.30-57.