Role of infection in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease: A new therapeutic target?

Cardiology in Review

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 199-210

  Frishman, William H ^a   Ismail, Anjum ^a  

^a NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Coronary artery disease; Infection; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HELICOBACTER PYLORI; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; INFECTION RISK; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; PATHOGENESIS; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SAMPLING; VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 0036329427     PISSN: 10615377     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00045415-200207000-00004     Document Type: Article

References (145)

1. Morphology of the endothelium over atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries
2. Systemic inflammation as a cardiovascular disease risk factor and as a potential target for drug therapy
3. Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary artery disease in the Helsinki Heart Study: Implications for treatment
4. Relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides to incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (the PROCAM experience)
5. Plasma triglyceride level and mortality from coronary heart disease
6. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)
7. Effects of high density lipoprotein on acetylcholine induced coronary vasoreactivity
8. Nitric oxide activity in the human coronary circulation: Impact of risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis
9. Endothelin and calcium antagonists in the skin microcirculation of patients with coronary artery disease
10. Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology
11. Atherosclerosis: Basic mechanisms, oxidation, inflammation and genetics
12. Autoantibody titers to oxidized LDL in patients with coronary atherosclerosis
13. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A perspective for the 1990s
14. Biological profiles in subjects with recurrent acute coronary events compared with subjects with long-standing stable angina
15. Immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis: Endotoxin accelerates atherosclerosis in rabbits on hypercholesterolemia diet
16. Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and updated meta-analyses
17. Soluble P-selectin and the risk of future cardiovascular events
18. Atherosclerosis: An inflammatory disease
19. Novel inflammatory markers of coronary risk: Theory versus practice
20. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in unstable carotid plaques: A potential role in acute plaque disruption
21. Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
22. Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease
23. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
24. Effects of cholesterol and inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins on incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke in men
25. Ultrastructural changes in cardiac capillaries of Coxsackie virus B4 infected mice
26. Viral coronary arteritis and myocardial infarction
27. Coxsackie virus infection in acute myocardial infarction
28. Acute transmural myocardial infarction associated with active coxsackie virus B infection
29. Role of coxsackie B viruses in myocardial infarction
30. Coxsackie B virus infection in coronary care unit patients
31. The ultrastructure of spontaneous and experimentally induced arterial lesion, II: The spontaneous plaque in the chicken
32. Atheroma: The artery wall and the environment
33. Evidence for a monoclonal origin of human atherosclerotic plaques
34. A possible role of human papillomaviruses in head and neck cancer
35. Epstein-Barr virus genes and cancer cells
36. Human papillomaviruses in cervical cancer, I: HPV-16 and 18 predominate in the Greek population
37. Herpes virus induced atherosclerosis in chickens
38. Herpes virus infection enhances cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulation in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells
39. Virus induced atherosclerosis: Herpes virus infection alters cholesterol metabolism and accumulation
40. Virus-induced atherosclerosis
41. Atherosclerosis induced by infection with a herpes virus
42. Viruses in the etiology of atherosclerosis
43. Cytomegalovirus antigen within human arterial smooth muscle cells
44. Herpes viridae in the coronary arteries and aorta of young trauma victims
45. Herpesviridae in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the proximal aorta of atherosclerosis patients
46. Nucleic acid sequence of cytomegalovirus in cells cultured from human arterial tissue
47. High prevalence of latently present cytomegalovirus in arterial walls of patients suffering from grade III atherosclerosis
48. Potential role of human cytomegalovirus and p53 interaction in coronary restenosis
49. Acute vascular rejection of the coronary arteries in human heart transplantation: Pathology and correlations with immunosuppression and cytomegalovirus infection
50. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Current concepts
51. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Current concepts
52. New developments in the diagnosis and management of cardiac allograft vasculopathy
53. Cytomegalovirus infection and accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy in human cardiac allografts
54. Cytomegalovirus infection accelerates cardiac allograft vasculopathy: Correlation between angiographic and endomyocardial biopsy findings in heart transplant patients
55. Cytomegalovirus infection associated accelerated heart allograft arteriosclerosis may impair the late function of the graft
56. Demonstration of cytomegalovirus nucleic acids in the coronary arteries of transplanted hearts
57. Acute cytomegalovirus infection induces a subendothelial inflammation (endothelialitis) in the allograft vascular wall: A possible linkage with enhanced allograft arteriosclerosis
58. Cytomegalovirus antigen expression, endothelial cell proliferation, and intimal thickening in rat cardiac allografts after cytomegalovirus infection
59. A new respiratory tract pathogen: Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR
60. A new Chlamydia psittaci strain, TWAR, isolated in acute respiratory tract infections
61. Microimmunofluorescence serological studies with the TWAR organism
62. Population prevalence antibody to Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR
63. Evaluation of serological methods in the diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia during an epidemic in Finland
64. An epidemic of infections due to Chlamydia pneumoniae in military conscripts
65. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction
66. Identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae by DNA amplification of the 16S rRNA gene
67. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci in sputum samples by PCR
68. Diagnostic utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay, culture, and serology for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients
69. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction
70. Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in Helsinki Heart Study
71. Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR antibody and angio-graphically demonstrated coronary artery disease
72. Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease
73. Recent infection as a risk factor for cerebrovascular ischemia
74. Confirmed previous infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and its presence in early coronary atherosclerosis
75. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections decreases fibrinogen plasma level in patients with ischemic heart disease
76. Randomized secondary prevention trial of azithromycin in patients with coronary artery disease and serological evidence for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: The Azithromycin in Coronary Artery Disease: Elimination of Myocardial Infection with Chlamydia (ACADEMIC) Study
77. Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus seropositivity, inflammatory markers, and the risk of myocardial infarction at a young age
78. Effects of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms on the development of coronary artery disease associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection
79. Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the walls of abdominal aortic aneurysms
80. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae TWAR in human coronary atherectomy tissues
81. Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary atheromas of patients undergoing atherectomy
82. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in coronary arteries of young adults (15-34 years old)
83. Increased incidence of Chlamydia species within the coronary arteries of patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic versus other forms of cardiovascular disease
84. Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the coronary artery of a patient with coronary atherosclerosis
85. Association of Chlamydia infection with cerebrovascular disease
86. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of arteries of lower extremities from patients undergoing bypass operation for arterial obstruction
87. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary arterial fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques
88. Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries
89. Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus seropositivity, inflammatory markers, and the risk of myocardial infarction at a young age
90. Antibiotics and risk of subsequent first-time acute myocardial infarction
91. Relation of antibiotic use to risk of myocardial infarction in the general population
92. Elevated Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies, cardiovascular events, and azithromycin in male survivors of myocardial infarction
93. Randomised trial of roxithromycin in non-Q-wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS pilot study
94. For the Clarithromycin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Finland (CLARIFY) Study Group: Effect of 3 months of antimicrobial treatment with clarithromycin in acute non-Q-wave coronary syndrome
95. Treatment of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with roxithromycin and effect on neointima proliferation after coronary stent placement (ISAR-3): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
96. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in circulating human monocytes is refractory to antibiotic treatment
97. Randomized secondary prevention trial of azithromycin in patients with coronary artery disease: Primary clinical results of the ACADEMIC study
98. Antibiotic/anti-inflammatory tested in patients with acute unstable chest pain or heart attack
99. Can an antibiotic help prevent second heart attacks in C. pneumoniae positive patients?
100. Chronic infection, Chlamydia and coronary heart disease: The story evolves
101. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in human nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves
102. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection
103. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary heart disease
104. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection to 13-year mortality and incident ischemic heart disease in the Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study
105. Changes in serum lipoprotein pattern induced by acute infections
106. Helicobacter pylori infection: Relation with cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart disease, and social class
107. Could Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of coronary heart disease by modifying serum lipid concentrations?
108. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae but not Helicobacter pylori in atherosclerotic plaques of aortic aneurysms
109. A prospective study of Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and the risk for future myocardial infarction among socioeconomically similar U.S. men
110. Association of virulent Helicobacter pylori strains with ischemic heart disease
111. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in coronary artery disease and effect of its eradication on coronary lumen reduction after percutaneous coronary angioplasty
112. Increased serum concentration of interleukin-1 beta in patients with coronary artery disease
113. Evolution of haptoglobin concentration in serum during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction
114. Production of C-reactive protein and risk of coronary events in stable and unstable angina: European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities Angina Pectoris Study Group
115. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
116. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations predict survival after acute myocardial infarction
117. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina
118. The prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes
119. The role of inflammation and infection in coronary artery disease: A clinical perspective
120. Serum Creactive protein concentration in acute myocardial infarction and its relationship to mortality during 24 months of follow-up in patients under thrombolytic treatment
121. C-reactive protein as a predictor of infarct expansion and cardiac rupture after a first Q-wave acute myocardial infarction
122. Impact of viral and bacterial infectious burden on long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease
123. Epidemiology of aortic aneurysms, I: Mortality trends in the United States
124. Increasing incidence of aortic aneurysms in England and Wales
125. Pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm
126. Plasma cell infiltrates in atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms
127. The role of inflammation in non specific abdominal aortic aneurysm disease
128. Matrix metalloproteinase and abdominal aortic aneurysm: A potential therapeutic target
129. Prevalence of medical problems in periodontal patients obtained from three different populations
130. Systemic diseases in elderly dental patients
131. Interrelated effects of diabetes, arteriosclerosis and calculus on alveolar bone loss
132. Association between dental health and acute myocardial infarction
133. Dental infections and coronary atherosclerosis
134. Dental infections in association with cerebral infarction in young and middle-aged men
135. Missing teeth and ischaemic heart disease in men aged 45-64 years
136. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for heart disease
137. Examining the link between coronary heart disease and the elimination of chronic dental infections
138. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease
139. Association between acute cerebrovascular ischemia and chronic and recurrent infection
140. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease risk
141. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction
142. Chlamydia pneumoniae exposure and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome (CIMACS)
143. Increase of chlamydial LPS antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome without detection of chlamydial DNA in atherectomy samples
144. Antibiotics for myocardial infarction? A possible role of infection in atherogenesis and acute coronary syndromes