Aldosterone receptor blockade in the management of heart failure

Heart Failure Reviews

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 205-219

  Palmieri, Emiliano A ^a   Biondi, Bernadette ^a   Fazio, Serafino ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aldosterone; Endothelial dysfunction; Heart failure; Myocardial fibrosis

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CANRENOATE POTASSIUM; CANRENONE; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; EPLERENONE; INOTROPIC AGENT; LOOP DIURETIC AGENT; LOSARTAN; METOLAZONE; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; PLACEBO; SPIRONOLACTONE;

ALDOSTERONE RELEASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COUGHING; DETERIORATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENDOTHELIUM; ENDOTHELIUM LESION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXPERIMENTATION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GYNECOMASTIA; HEART BLOOD VESSEL; HEART FAILURE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART MUSCLE FIBROSIS; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE METABOLISM; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MASTALGIA; METABOLIC DISORDER; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROGNOSIS; RECEPTOR BLOCKING; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CHRONIC DISEASE; HEART FAILURE, CONGESTIVE; HUMANS; RECEPTORS, ALDOSTERONE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0036278598     PISSN: 13824147     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1015336831407     Document Type: Review

References (125)

1. The epidemiology of heart failure: The Framingham Study
2. Trends in hospitalization for heart failure in the United States, 1973-1986: Evidences for increasing population prevalence
3. Economic impact of heart failure in the United States: Time for a different approach
4. Heart failure: A growing health problem
5. The neurohormonal axis in congestive heart failure
6. The neurohormonal hypothesis: A theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure
7. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: Results of Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)
8. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure
9. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure
10. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure
11. A clinical trial of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
12. Rise in plasma concentration of aldosterone during long term angiotensin II suppression
13. Captopril in heart failure: A double blind controlled trial
14. Evidence of partial escape of RAA blockade in patient with acute MI treated with ACE inhibitors
15. ACE inhibition does not suppress plasma All increase during exercise in humans
16. How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure?
17. Neurohormonal reactivation in heart failure patients on chronic ACE inhibitor therapy: A longitudinal study
18. Hormone regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe heart failure and their relation to mortality
19. Increased angiotensin-I converting enzyme gene expression in the failing human heart
20. Functional and biochemical analysis of angiotensin II-forming pathways in the human heart
21. Maximally recommended doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors do not completely prevent ACE-mediated formation of angiotensin II in chronic heart failure
22. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Randomized trial - The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II
23. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure
24. Regulation of aldosterone biosynthesis: Physiological and clinical aspects
25. Splanchnic extraction and clearance of aldosterone in subjects with minimal and marked cardiac dysfunction
26. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure: A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)
27. Activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system assessed by plasma hormone levels and their relation to hemodynamic abnormalities in congestive heart failure
28. Edema of cardiac origin: Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamic indexes, and plasma hormones in untreated congestive heart failure
29. Hormones and the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure: Vasopressin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II: Further evidence for renal-adrenal interaction form studies in hypertension and cirrhosis
30. The effects of chronic hepatic venous congestion on the metabolism of d,l-aldosterone and d-aldosterone
31. Angiotensin-independent mechanism for aldosterone synthesis during chronic extracellular fluid volume depletion
32. Similarity between a substance produced by the heart in vitro and the 18-monoacetyl derivative of D-aldosterone
33. Vascular aldosterone. Biosynthesis and a link to angiotensin II induced hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells
34. Myocardial production of aldosterone and corticosterone in the rat. Physiological regulation
35. Production of aldosterone in isolated rat blood vessels
36. Regulation of aldosterone synthase in human vascular endothelial cells by angiotensin II and adrenocorticotropin
37. Early expression of all components of the renin-angiotensin system in human development
38. Evidence for the existence of a functional cardiac renin-angiotensin system in humans
39. Intracardiac detection of angiotensinogen and renin: A localized renin-angiotensin system in neonatal rat heart
40. Activation of cardiac aldosterone production in rat myocardial infarction. Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade and role in cardiac fibrosis
41. The nuclear receptor superfamily: The second decade
42. Transcriptional control of sodium transport in tight epithelia by adrenal steroids
43. Epithelial sodium channel regulated by aldosterone-induced protein sgk
44. Modulation of human mineralcorticoid receptor function by protein kinase A
45. Aldosterone rapidly represses protein kinase C activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in vitro
46. Tissue-specific expression of α and β mRNA isoforms of the human mineralcorticoid receptor in normal and pathophysiological states
47. Mineralcorticoid action: Target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated
48. Localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-tissue specific protector of the mineral corticoid receptor
49. Distribution of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase along the rabbit nephron
50. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the renal target cells of aldosterone
51. Prerequisite for cardiac aldosterone action: Mineral corticoid receptor and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human heart
52. High affinity NAD(+)-dependent 11 beta-dydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human heart
53. Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for a cardiovascular mineralcorticoid receptor
54. High affinity aldosterone binding sites (type I receptors) in rat heart
55. Vascular type I aldosterone binding sites are physiological mineralcorticoid receptors
56. Mineralcorticoid binding in cultured smooth muscle cells and fibroblast from rat aorta
57. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human vascular cells
58. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells
59. Inhibition of tissue repair by spironolactone: Role of mineralcorticoids in fibrous tissue formation
60. Regulation of sodium transport by steroid hormone
61. Atrial natriuretic factor in normal subjects and heart failure patients. Plasma level and renal, hormonal and hemodynamic responses to peptide infusion
62. Human atrial natriuretic peptide: Plasma levels, hemodynamic, hormonal and renal effects in patients with severe congestive heart failure
63. Cardiac and plasma atrial natriuretic factor in experimental congestive heart failure
64. Atrial natriuretic peptide levels during development of chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats
65. Hemodynamic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with heart failure
66. The relationship between plasma levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic hormone and hemodynamic function in man
67. Hemodynamic effects of atrial peptide infusion in heart failure
68. Effect of reduction in renal artery pressure on atrial natriuretic peptide-induced natriuresis
69. Restoration of renal response to atrial natriuretic factor in experimental low-output heart failure
70. Decreased density of binding sites for atrial natriuretic peptide on platelets of patients with severe congestive heart failure
71. Atrial natriuretic peptide and renal cGMP in rats with experimental heart failure
72. Pulmonary and urinary clearance of atrial natriuretic factor in acute congestive heart failure in dogs
73. ANF-mediated renal cGMP generation in congestive heart failure
74. Blood levels and renal effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in normal man
75. The role of renin and aldosterone in the salt retention of edema
76. Effect of renal sympathetic nerve stimulation on proximal water and sodium reabsorption
77. Effects of norepinephrine and angiotensin II on the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration and proximal tubule fluid reabsorption in the rat
78. Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: Relationship to etiology of sudden death form ischemic heart disease
79. Effect of magnesium on anginal attack induced by hyperventilation in patients with variant angina
80. Clinical and prognostic significance of serum magnesium concentration in patients with severe CHF: The PROMISE Study
81. Ionic mechanisms of ischemia-related ventricular arrhythmias
82. Role of magnesium deficiency in the pressor and arrhythmogenic response to epinephrine in intact dog
83. The effect of a mineralcorticoid antagonist on myocardial mlBG uptake in CHF
84. Cardiac interstitium in health and disease: The fibrillar collagen network
85. Myocardial DNA synthesis in experimental cardiac hypertrophy
86. Collagen network remodeling and diastolic stiffness of the rat left ventricle with pressure overload hypertrophy
87. Fibrillar collagen and myocardial stiffness in the intact hypertrophied rat left ventricle
88. Myocardial fibrosis and pathologic hypertrophy in the rat with renovascular hypertension
89. Increased matrix metalloproteinases activity and selective upregulation in LV myocardium form patients with end-stage heart failure
90. Differential gene expression of extracellular matrix components in dilated cardiomyopathy
91. Matrix metalloproteinase activity expression in infarcted, noninfarcted and dilated cardiomyopathy in human hearts
92. Remodeling of the rat right and left ventricle in experimental hypertension
93. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium: Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
94. Hormonal regulation of cardiac fibroblast function
95. Collagen metabolism in cultured adult rat cardiac fibroblast: Response to angiotensin II and aldosterone
96. Mineralcorticoid excess, dietary sodium and myocardial fibrosis
97. Sodium-induced cardiac aldosterone synthesis causes cardiac hypertrophy
98. Fibrillar collagen and myocardial stiffness in the intact hypertrophied rat left ventricle
99. Myocardial stiffness and reparative fibrosis following coronary embolization in the rat
100. Left ventricular failure induced by long-term hypertension in rats
101. Role of mechanical and hormonal factors in cardiac remodeling and the biologic limits of myocardial adaptation
102. Anti-aldosterone treatment and the prevention of myocardial fibrosis in primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism
103. QT dispersion and sudden unexpected death in chronic heart failure
104. Mineralcorticoid blockade reduces vascular injury in stroke-prone hypertensive rats
105. Aldosterone blockade reduces vascular collagen turnover, improves heart rate variability and reduces early morning rise in heart rate in heart failure patients
106. Inverse relationship between aldosterone and large artery compliance in chronically treated heart failure patients
107. Aldosterone inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in rat vascular smooth vascular cells induced by interleukin-1β
108. Interactions between aldosterone and pressor agents in vascular smooth muscle
109. Mineralocorticoid induced increase in beta-adrenergic receptors of cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells
110. Angiotensin II-aldosterone interaction on protein synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells
111. Effects of adding spironolactone to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease
112. Effectiveness of spironolactone added to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a loop diuretic for severe chronic congestive heart failure (the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study [RALES])
113. Striking increase of natriuresis by low-dose spironolactone in congestive heart failure only in combination with ACE inhibition. Mechanistic evidence to support RALES
114. Spironolactone increase nitric oxide bioactivity, improves endothelial vasodilator dysfunction, and suppresses vascular angiotensin I/angiotensin II conversion in patients with chronic heart failure
115. Endothelial as therapeutic target in heart failure
116. Spironolactone inhibits the transcardiac extraction of aldosterone in patients with congestive heart failure
117. Limitation of excessive extracellular matrix turnover may contribute to survival benefit of spironolactone therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. Insights from the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES)
118. Pharmacokinetics: The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination
119. HFSA Guidelines for management of patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction - Pharmacological approaches
120. Hormone and hemodynamics in heart failure
121. Aldactone: Spironolactone
122. In-vivo metabolites of spironolactone and potassium canreonate: Determination of potential anti-androgenic activity by a mouse kidney cytosol receptor assay
123. Three new epoxy-spironolactone derivative: Characterization in vivo and in vitro