Listening to Mozart does not improve children's spatial ability: Final curtains for the Mozart effect

British Journal of Developmental Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 241-258

  McKelvie, Pippa ^a   Low, Jason ^a  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0036092751     PISSN: 0261510X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1348/026151002166433     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bernstein, M. H., Slater, A., Brown, E., Roberts, E., & Barrett, J. (1997). Stability of mental development from infancy to later childhood: Three 'waves' of research. In G. Bremner & A. Slater (Eds.), Infant development: Recent advances (pp. 191-215). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
2. Campbell, D. (1997). The Mozart effect: Tapping the power of music to heal the body, strengthen the mind and unlock the creative spirit. New York: Avon Books.
3. Carstens, C. B., Huskins, E., & Hounshell, G. W. (1996). Listening to Mozart may not enhance performance on the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test. Psychological Reports, 77, 111-114.
4. Chabris, C. F. (1999). Prelude or requiem for the 'Mozart Effect'? Nature 400, 826-827.
5. Cheek, J. M., & Smith, L. R. (1999). Music training and mathematics achievement. Adolescence, 34, 759-761.
6. Costa-Giomi, E. (1999). The effects of three years of piano instruction on children's cognitive development. Journal of Research in Music Education, 47, 198-212.
7. Drake, C., & Palmer, C. (2000). Skill acquisition in music performance: Relations between planning and temporal control. Cognition, 74, 1-32.
8. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
9. Gordon, H. W. (1970). Hemispheric asymmetries in perception of musical chords. Cortex, 6, 387-398.
10. Hassler, M., Birbaumer, N., & Feil, A. (1985). Musical talent and visual-spatial abilities: A longitudinal study. Psychology of Music, 13, 99-113.
11. Hayslip, B., Jr. (1994). Stability of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human intelligence (Vol. 2, pp. 1019-1026). New York: McMillan.
12. Honzik, M. (1983). Measuring mental abilities in infancy: The value and limitations. In M. Lewis (Ed.), Origins of intelligence: Infancy and early childhood (2nd; ed.) (pp. 67-105). New York: Plenum Press.
13. Honzik, M. P., MacFarlane, J. W., & Allen, L. (1948). The stability of mental test performance between two and eighteen years. Journal of Experimental Education, 17, 309-329.
14. Humphreys, L. G. (1989). Intelligence: Three kinds of instability and their consequences for policy. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Intelligence (pp. 193-216). Urban, IL: University of Illinois Press.
15. Karma, K. (1982). Musical, spatial and verbal abilities: A progress report. Psychology of Music, Special Issue, 9, 69-71.
16. Kavanagh, D. J. (1987). Mood, persistence and success. Australian Journal of Psychology, 39, 307-318.
17. Kimura, D. (1964). Left-right differences in perception of melodies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 16, 355-358.
18. Leng, X., & Shaw, G. L. (1991). Toward a neural theory of higher brain function using music as a window. Concepts in Neuroscience, 2, 229-258.
19. McCutcheon, L. E. (2000). Another failure to generalize the Mozart effect. Psychological Reports, 87, 325-330.
20. McKenzie, C. L., Nelson-Schultz, J. A., & Wills, B. L. (1983). A preliminary investigation of motor programming in piano performance as a function of skill level. In D. R. Rogers & J. A. Sloboda (Eds.), The acquisition of symbolic skills (pp. 283-292). New York: Plenum Press.
21. Mountcastle, V. B. (1978). An organization principle of cerebral function: The unit module and the distributed system. In G. M. Edelman & V. B. Mountcastle (Eds.), The mindful brain (pp. 1-50). Cambridge, MA: MIT.
22. Nantais, K. M., & Schellenberg, E. G. (1999). The Mozart effect: An artifact of preference. Psychological Science, 10, 370-373.
23. NBC News (1994, September 1). Dateline NBC. Livingston, NJ: Burrelle's Information Services.
24. Newman, J., Rosenbach, J. H., Burns, K. L., Latimer, B. C., Matocha, H. R., & Vogt, E. R. (1995). An Experimental test of the 'Mozart effect': Does listening to his music improve spatial ability? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, 1379-1387.
25. Nguyen, N., Shaw, G. L., & Tran, S. (1996). Exploring the Mozart effect: Pilot work on the effect of a distractor task. Unpublished raw data, University of California, Irvine, CA.
26. Palmer, C., & Drake, C. (1997). Monitoring and planning capacities in the acquisition of music performance skills. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 369-384.
27. Rauscher, F. H., & Shaw, G. L. (1998). Key components of the Mozart effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 835-841.
28. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and Spatial Task performance. Nature, 365, 611.
29. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1995). Listening to Mozart enhances spatial-temporal reasoning: Towards a neurophysical basis. Neuroscience Letters, 185, 44-47.
30. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., Levine, L. J., Wright, E. L., Dennis, W. R., & Newcomb, R. L. (1997). Music training causes long-term enhancement of pre-school children's spatial-temporal reasoning. Neurological Research, 19, 2-8.
31. Rideout, B. E. (1999). Performance suppression from control procedures is not the basis of the Mozart effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 89, 890.
32. Rideout, B. E., Dougherty, S., & Wernert, L. (1998). Effect of music on spatial task performance: A test of generality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 512-514.
33. Rideout, B. E., & Laubach, C. M. (1996). EEG correlates of enhanced spatial performance following exposure to music. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 112-114.
34. Rideout, B. E., & Taylor, J. (1997). Enhanced spatial performance following 10 minutes exposure to music: A replication. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85, 112-114.
35. Schreiber, E. H. (1988). Influence of music on college students' achievement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 338.
36. Shaffer, L. H. (1980). Analysing piano performance: A study of concert pianists. In G. E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials on motor behaviour (pp. 443-455). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
37. Sloboda, J. A., Clarke, E. F., Parncutt, R., & Raekallio, M. (1998). Determinants of finger choice in piano sight-reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 185-203.
38. Steele, K. (2000). Arousal and mood factors in the 'Mozart effect'. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91, 188-190.
39. Steele, K., Ball, T. N., & Runk, R. (1997). Listening to Mozart does not enhance backwards digit span performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84, 1179-1184.
40. Steele, K. M., Bass, K. E., & Crook, M. D. (1999a). The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate. Psychological Science, 10, 366-369.
41. Steele, K. M., Brown, J. D., & Stoecker, J. A. (1999b). Failure to confirm the Rauscher and Shaw description of recovery of the Mozart effect. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 843-848.
42. Stough, C., Kerkin, B., Bates, T., & Mangan, G. (1995) Music and Spatial IQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 695.
43. Thorndike, R. L., Hagen, E. P., & Sattler, J. M. (1986). The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (4th ed.). Chicago, IL: Riverside.
44. Weiss, R. (1999, August 30). Mozart Sonata's IQ impact - Eine Kleine oversold? Washington Post: Reuter's Business Briefing/Reuters/Archives.
45. Wilson, T. L., & Brown, T. L. (1997). Reexamination of the effect of Mozart's music on spatial task performance. The Journal of Psychology, 13, 365-370.
46. Wyer, R. S., Jr., & Srull, T. K. (1989). Memory and cognition in its social context. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
47. Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.