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Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2001, Pages 1981-1989

Experimental evidence supporting a CuIII intermediate in cross-coupling reactions of allylic esters with diallylcuprate species

Author keywords

C C coupling; Copper; Cuprate; Organocopper(III) intermediate; Reaction mechanisms

Indexed keywords

COPPER; OLEFINS; STABILIZATION; STOICHIOMETRY;

EID: 0035805286     PISSN: 09476539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010504)7:9<1981::AID-CHEM1981>3.0.CO;2-C     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (82)

References (144)
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    • This contrasts with the statement from Lipshutz et al. that this class of reagents can be stored for weeks without any decomposition: see ref. [24]
    • This contrasts with the statement from Lipshutz et al. that this class of reagents can be stored for weeks without any decomposition: see ref. [24].
  • 105
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    • It should also be noted that the background homo-coupling results in a roughly 1:1 mixture of the possible regioisomeric α′,α′ and α′γ-products and minor amounts of the γ′,γ′-product
    • It should also be noted that the background homo-coupling results in a roughly 1:1 mixture of the possible regioisomeric α′,α′ and α′γ-products and minor amounts of the γ′,γ′-product.
  • 106
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    • 2, when stirred at - 60°C for 30 min, forms less than 5% of homo-coupling product 6 (and regioisomers 8 and 9). Warming of the reaction mixture to -20°C gives after 2 h: 17% 6, 13% 8, 3% 9, and after warming to 0°C and a total reaction time of 3.5 h: 28% 6, 21% 8, 6% 9
    • 2, when stirred at - 60°C for 30 min, forms less than 5% of homo-coupling product 6 (and regioisomers 8 and 9). Warming of the reaction mixture to -20°C gives after 2 h: 17% 6, 13% 8, 3% 9, and after warming to 0°C and a total reaction time of 3.5 h: 28% 6, 21% 8, 6% 9.
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    • γ-Subslituted allylic Grignard reagents are in rapid equilibrium between the E and Z-isomers: a) D. A. Hutchinson, K. R. Beck, R. A. Benkeser, J. B. Grutzner, J. A. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 7075-7082; b) A. Yanagisawa, S. Habaue, H. Yamamoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5893-5895.
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    • For a discussion of incomplete cuprate formation from copper(1) halides and alkyl lithiums, see: S. H. Bertz, C. P. Gibson, G. Dabbagh, Tetrahedron Lett. 1987, 28, 4251-4254.
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    • note
    • The mathematical description in Equation (2) can be given for the catalytic reaction assuming that a statistical distribution of products is obtained in each cycle. The value n denotes the number of catalytic cycles (turnover number). It the reaction goes through only one cycle (n = 1. the stoichiometric case) the product distribution is given by the first term. The formula as written applies to n ≥ 2. For example if 5% catalyst is used (n = 20), the product distribution (α,α′:α′α′:α,α) will be (67:18:15). The last term approaches (2/3, 1/6, 1/6) when n is large since: (Equation Presented) For further details concerning the derivation of Equation (2), see the Supporting Information.
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    • 2CuLi · LiCN. The cyano group was found not to be bound to copper, and this class of reagents was proposed to be called cyano-Gilman reagents. See for example: a) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4031-4032; b) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5471-5474; S. H. Bertz, G. Miao, M. Eriksson, Chem. Commun. 1996, 815-816; S. H. Bertz, K. Nilsson, Ö, Davidsson, J. P. Snyder, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 327-331; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 314-317; e) C. M. P. Kronenburg, J. T. B. H. Jastrzebski, A. L. Spek, G. van Koten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9688-9689; f) G. Boche, F. Bosold, M. Marsch, K. Harms, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1779-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1684-1686;
    • (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.112 , pp. 4031-4032
    • Bertz, S.H.1
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    • 2CuLi · LiCN. The cyano group was found not to be bound to copper, and this class of reagents was proposed to be called cyano-Gilman reagents. See for example: a) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4031-4032; b) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5471-5474; S. H. Bertz, G. Miao, M. Eriksson, Chem. Commun. 1996, 815-816; S. H. Bertz, K. Nilsson, Ö, Davidsson, J. P. Snyder, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 327-331; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 314-317; e) C. M. P. Kronenburg, J. T. B. H. Jastrzebski, A. L. Spek, G. van Koten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9688-9689; f) G. Boche, F. Bosold, M. Marsch, K. Harms, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1779-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1684-1686;
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    • Bertz, S.H.1
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    • (1996) Chem. Commun. , pp. 815-816
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    • Bertz, S.H.1    Nilsson, K.2    Davidsson, Ö.3    Snyder, J.P.4
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    • 2CuLi · LiCN. The cyano group was found not to be bound to copper, and this class of reagents was proposed to be called cyano-Gilman reagents. See for example: a) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4031-4032; b) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5471-5474; S. H. Bertz, G. Miao, M. Eriksson, Chem. Commun. 1996, 815-816; S. H. Bertz, K. Nilsson, Ö, Davidsson, J. P. Snyder, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 327-331; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 314-317; e) C. M. P. Kronenburg, J. T. B. H. Jastrzebski, A. L. Spek, G. van Koten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9688-9689; f) G. Boche, F. Bosold, M. Marsch, K. Harms, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1779-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1684-1686;
    • (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , vol.37 , pp. 314-317
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    • Kronenburg, C.M.P.1    Jastrzebski, J.T.B.H.2    Spek, A.L.3    Van Koten, G.4
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    • 2CuLi · LiCN. The cyano group was found not to be bound to copper, and this class of reagents was proposed to be called cyano-Gilman reagents. See for example: a) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4031-4032; b) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5471-5474; S. H. Bertz, G. Miao, M. Eriksson, Chem. Commun. 1996, 815-816; S. H. Bertz, K. Nilsson, Ö, Davidsson, J. P. Snyder, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 327-331; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 314-317; e) C. M. P. Kronenburg, J. T. B. H. Jastrzebski, A. L. Spek, G. van Koten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9688-9689; f) G. Boche, F. Bosold, M. Marsch, K. Harms, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1779-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1684-1686;
    • (1998) Angew. Chem. , vol.110 , pp. 1779-1781
  • 122
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    • 2CuLi · LiCN. The cyano group was found not to be bound to copper, and this class of reagents was proposed to be called cyano-Gilman reagents. See for example: a) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4031-4032; b) S. H. Bertz, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5471-5474; S. H. Bertz, G. Miao, M. Eriksson, Chem. Commun. 1996, 815-816; S. H. Bertz, K. Nilsson, Ö, Davidsson, J. P. Snyder, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 327-331; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 314-317; e) C. M. P. Kronenburg, J. T. B. H. Jastrzebski, A. L. Spek, G. van Koten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9688-9689; f) G. Boche, F. Bosold, M. Marsch, K. Harms, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110, 1779-1781; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, 1684-1686;
    • (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , vol.37 , pp. 1684-1686
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    • see ref. [1e]
    • h) see ref. [1e].


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