A first look at visually aimable and internationally harmonized low-beam headlamps

Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 26-33

  Sivak, Michael ^a   Flannagan, Michael J ^a   Miyokawa, Toshio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; CALCULATIONS; GLARE; GROUND VEHICLES; LIGHT; LIGHT REFLECTION; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; STANDARDS; TRAFFIC SIGNS; VISIBILITY; VISION;

HUMAN VISUAL SENSITIVITY; LOW BEAM HEADLAMPS; VISIBILITY OF PEDESTRIANS; VISIBILITY OF REFLEX REFLECTORS ON THE REAR OF VEHICLES; VISIBILITY OF RETROREFLECTIVE TRAFFIC SIGNS; VISIBILITY OF ROAD DELINEATION; VISUALLY OPTICALLY AMIABLE;

HEADLIGHTS;

EID: 0035571928     PISSN: 00994480     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00994480.2001.10748331     Document Type: Article

References (9)

1. FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards). 1997. Standard No. 108:Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment. In Code of Federal Regulations, [Title] 49, Part 571. Washington, D.C. Office of the Federal Register.
2. GTB (Groupe de Travail Bruxelles 1952). 1999. Rationale of harmonized dipped (low) beam pattern (Report No. C.E.-3160). Geneva, Switzerland:GTB.
3. Sivak, M., and Flannagan, M.J., 1993. Partial harmonization of international standards for low-beam headlighting patterns (Report No. UMTRI-93–11). Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
4. Sivak, M., Flannagan, M.J., and Miyokawa, T., 2000. Quantitative comparisons of factors influencing the performance of low-beam headlamps. Lighting Research and Technology, 31. pp. 145–153.
5. Huey, R., Decker, D., and Lyons, R., 1994. Driver perception of just noticeable differences of automotive signal lamp intensities (Report No. DOT HS 808 209). Washington, D.C:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
6. Sayer, J.R., Flannagan, M.J., Sivak, M., Kojima, S., and Flannagan, C.C., 1997. Just noticeable differences for low-beam headlamp intensities (Report No. UMTRI-97–4). Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.
7. Sivak, M., Flannagan, M.J., Budnik, E.A., Flannagan, C.C., and Kojima, S., 1997. The locations of headlamps and driver eye positions in vehicles sold in the U.S. Ergonomics, 40. pp. 872–878.
8. Sivak, M., Flannagan, M.J., Kojima, S., and Traube, E.C., 1998. A market-weighted description of low-beam headlighting patterns in the U.S.(SAE Technical Report Series No. 980317). Warrendale, Pa. Society of Automotive Engineers.
9. Sivak, M., Flannagan, M.J., and Sato, T., 1994. Light output of U.S., European, and Japanese low-beam headlamps. Transportation Research Record, 1456. pp. 99–111.