When first impressions don't last: The role of isolation and adaptation processes in the revision of evaluative impressions

Social Cognition

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 491-520

  Ybarra, Oscar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0035561416     PISSN: 0278016X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/soco.19.5.491.19910     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Anderson, J. R. (1985). Cognitive psychology and its applications. New York. W. H. Freeman.
2. Anderson, N. H. (1965). Primacy effects in personality impression formation using a generalized order effect paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 1-9.
3. Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 1230-1240.
4. Belmore, S. M. (1987). Determinants of attention during impression formation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 480-489.
5. Benet, V., & Waller, N. G. (1995). The big seven factor model of personality description: Evidence for its cross-cultural generality in a Spanish sample. Journal of Personality, 69, 701-718.
6. Birnbaum, M. H. (1972). Morality judgments: Tests of an averaging model. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 93, 35-42.
7. Briscoe, M. E., Woodyard, H. D., & Shaw, M. E. (1967). Personality impression change as a function of the favorableness of the first impressions. Journal of Personality, 35, 343-357.
8. Carlston, D. E. (1980). The recall and use of traits and events in social inference processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 303-328.
9. Chan, E., & Ybarra, O. (2001). Determinants of misanthropic and philanthropic memory: The role of the interaction goals of cooperation and competition. Manuscript submitted for publication.
10. De Bruin, E. N. M. & Van Lange, P. A. M. (1999). Impression formation and cooperative behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 305-328
11. De Bruin, E. N. M. & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2000).What people look for in others: Influences of the perceiver and the perceived on information selection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 206-219.
12. Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 889-906.
13. Fiske, S. T. (1992). Thinking is for doing: Portraits of social cognition from Daguerreotype to laserphoto. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 877-889.
14. Gollwitzer, P. M., & Moskowitz, G. B. (1996). Goal effects on action and cognition. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 361-399). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Hamilton, D. L., & Huffman, L. J. (1971). Generality of impression formation processes for evaluative and nonevaluative judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 20, 200-207.
16. Hamilton, D. L., Katz, L. B., & Leirer, V. O. (1980). Cognitive representation of personality impressions: Organizational processes in first impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1050-1063.
17. Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Ruvolo, C. M. (1990). Stereotype-based expectancies: Effects on information processing and social behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 35-60.
18. Hamilton, D. L., & Zanna, M. (1972). Differential weighting of favorable and unfavorable attributes in impressions of personality. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 6, 204-212.
19. Hastie, R. & Jumar, P. A. (1979). Person memory: Personality traits as organizing principles in memory for behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 25-38.
20. Heider, F. (1944). Social perception and phenomenal causality. Psychological Review, 51, 358-374.
21. Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Journal of Psychology, 57, 243-259.
22. Hendrick, C., & Costantini, A. F. (1970). Effects of varying trait inconsistency and response requirements on the primary effect in impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15, 158-164.
23. Hertel, P. T. (1985). Isolation and adaptation in passage memory. Discourse Processes, 8, 75-90.
24. Hewstone, M. (1989). Changing stereotypes with disconfirming information. In Bar-Tal, D., Graumann, C.F., Kruglanski, A.W., Stroebe, W. (Eds.), Stereotyping and prejudice: changing conceptions (pp. 37-59). New York: Springer-Verlag.
25. Hunter, I. M. L. (1957). Memory. Baltimore: Penguin Books.
26. Jones, E. E., & Gerard, H. B. (1967). Foundations of social psychology. New York: Wiley.
27. Kanouse, D. E., & Hanson, L. R., Jr. (1972). Negativity in evaluations. In E. E. Jones, D. E. Kanouse, H. H. Kelley, R. E. Nisbett, S. Valins, & B. Weiner (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the causes of behavior (pp. 47 - 62). Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.
28. Klatzky, R. L. (1975). Human memory: Structures and processes. San Francisco: Freeman.
29. Kruglanski, A.W. (1989). Lay epistemics and human knowledge. New York: Plenum.
30. Leslie, A. M. (1994). Tomm, Toby, and agency: Core architecture and domain specificity. In L. A. Hirschfeld and S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture (pp. 119-148). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. Lingle, J. H., Ostrom, T. M. (1979). Retrieval selectivity in memory-based impression judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 180-194.
32. Martijn, C., Spears, R., Van der Pligt, J., & Jakobs, E. (1992). Negativity and positi vity effects in person perception and inference: Ability versus morality. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 453-463.
33. Miller, J. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 961-978.
34. Peeters, G., & Czapinski, J. (1990). Positive-negative asymmetry in evaluations: The distinction between affective and informational negativity effects. European Review of Social Psychology, 1, 33-60.
35. Pratto, F., & John, O. P. (1991). Automatic vigilance: the attention-grabbing power of negative social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 380-391.
36. Reeder, G. D., & Brewer, M. B. (1979). A schematic model of dispositional attribution in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 86, 61-79.
37. Reeder, G. D., & Coovert, M. D. (1986). Revising an impression of morality. Social Cognition, 4, 1-17.
38. Reeder, G D., & Spores, J. M. (1983). The attribution of morality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 736-745.
39. Roenker, D. L., Thompson, C. P., & Brown, S. C. (1971). Comparisons of measures for the estimation of clustering in free recall. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 45-48.
40. Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C, & Vivekananthan, P. S. (1968). A multi-dimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294.
41. Rothbart, M., & Park, B. (1986). On the confirmability and disconfirmability of trait concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 131-142.
42. Schul, Y., Burnstein, E., & Bardi, A (1996). Dealing with deceptions that are difficult to detect: Encoding and judgment as a function of preparing to receive invalid information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 228-253.
43. Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1987). Social judgment and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 689-699.
44. Snyder, M., & Stukas, A. A. (1999). Interpersonal processes: The interplay of cognitive, motivational, and behavioral activities in social interaction. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 273-303.
45. Snyder, M. & Swann, W. B. (1978). Hypothesis-testing processes in social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36, 1202-1212.
46. Srull, T.K. (1981). Person memory: Some tests of associative storage and retrieval models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 7, 440-462.
47. Stangor, C., & McMillian, D. (1992). Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 42-61.
48. Stangor, C., & Ruble, D. N. (1989). Stereotype development and memory: What we remember depends on how much we know. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 18-35.
49. Stephan, W. G. (1985). Intergroup relations. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 599-658). New York: Addison-Wesley.
50. Stewart, R. H. (1965). Effect of continuous responding on the order effect in personality impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 161-165.
51. Weber, R., & Crocker, J. (1983). Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 961-977.
52. Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
53. Wojciszke, B., Bazinska, R., & Jaworski, M. (1998). On the dominance of moral categories in impression formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1251-1263.
54. Wyer, R. S. (1970). Information redundancy, inconsistency, and novelty and their role in impression formation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 111-127.
55. Wyer, R. S., & Gordon, S. E. (1982). The recall of information about persons and groups. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 128-164.
56. Ybarra, O. (2001). Naïve causal understanding of valenced and its implications for social information processing. Manuscript submitted for publication. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
57. Ybarra, O., & Chan, E., & Park, D. C. (2001). Young and old adults' concerns with morality and competence. Motiviation and Emotion, 25, 85-100.
58. Ybarra, O., & Chen, S. (2000). Unpublished raw data. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
59. Ybarra, O., & Stephan, W. G. (1996). Misanthropic person memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 691-700.
60. Ybarra, O., & Stephan, W. G. (1999). Attributional orientations and the prediction of behavior: The attribution-prediction bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 718-727.
61. Ybarra, O., Schaberg, L., & Keiper (1999). Favorable and unfavorable target expectancies and social information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 698-709.
62. Yzerbyt, V.Y. & Leyens, J. P. (1991). Requesting information to form an impression: The influence of valence and confirmatory status. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 337-356.